民营企业家成长的影响要素及对策

民营经济有赖于民营企业家的成长,民营企业家在成长过程中既要受到外部环境因素的影响,也要受到自身因素的制约,本文分析了这些影响因素,就如何创造有利于企业家成长的良好环境方面,提出了相应的对策.     

民营企业家如何自我保护？

当前，中国民营企业获得了空前的发展机遇。但机遇永远与风险并存。贫富差距的拉大，再加上“富豪榜”的刺激、“原罪论”的渲染，使得民营企业家逐渐成为社会矛盾的一大焦点。于是，民营企业家受到指责、威胁乃至遇害的消息时有发生。那么，民营企业家应如何审视自己的角色和心态，以保护自己?     

民营企业家成长的影响机制研究--以台州为例

民营经济的发展有赖于民营企业家的成长,民营企业家在成长过程中要受外部环境和自身因素的制约,本文分析了这些影响因素,并就如何创造有利于企业家成长的良好环境方面,提出了相应的对策。     

热烈庆贺2006民营上市公司百强评选揭晓

《东方企业家》杂志和中欧国际工商学院历经半年时间，根据2005年中国民营上市公司年报数据．进行了精确而透明的统计和排序．在万众瞩目下推出本次2006年度民营上市公司营收100强．民营上市公司市值10强，民营上市公司社会贡献10强、民营上市公司成长10强和民营上市公司盈利能力10强五个极具分量的榜单。这也是《东方企业家》杂志携手中欧国际工商学院连续第三年推出该榜单。     

民营企业创业与成长动力因素研究

民营企业具有灵活的机制而得到飞速发展，已经成为了国民经济的重要组成部分。但是民营企业家究竟是什么动因推动他们创业的？他们创办企业后又是怎么样进行战略规划企业的？而后又是什么动因去推动企业成长的？在成长过程中又是怎样去选择成长路径的？本文就这些问题进行了简单的探讨，以求为民营企业家在企业发展中提供帮助。     

企业家：管理者的晋级

企业家是现代社会的核心竞争力，而这些创业家、企业家指的大都是民营的企业。尽管有这么大的贡献，但也必须指出．中国的民营企业家也存在着短板，而且这些短板大多都是共性的。中国民营企业的最大问题在于在企业内只有一个企业家．没有让企业的管理层人员也成为企业家．     

新时代民营企业家精神的内涵特征及培育路径

新时代民营企业家精神反映了经济社会发展的新要求。从本质上讲，民营企业家精神是一种职业精神，是职业能力、职业品质和价值取向的体现，是催生经济高质量发展的动态因素，是支撑民营企业经济发展壮大的根本驱动力和灵魂所在。本文在阐述企业家精神一般内涵的基础上，从爱国、创新、诚信、社会责任和国际视野五个维度进一步厘清了新时代民营企业家精神的内涵，从政府、民营企业家、社会三个层面提出了民营企业家精神培育的路径，旨在进一步激发新时代民营企业家的奋斗热情，助力我国经济高质量发展。     

基于成长周期理论的民营航空融资结构优化

民营航空公司的融资困境源于其融资结构不合理,而改善融资结构并非追求一个理性的最优化函数。优化融资结构的目标应伴随着民营航空成长周期不同发展阶段而变化,以寻求不同的融资策略。基于此,本文首先梳理公司成长周期融资结构理论,接着解析民营航空融资结构,并分析现阶段融资结构基本特征,而后探讨我国民营航空不同成长周期的融资结构优化问题,最后总结我国民营航空当前所处的发展阶段并提出政策性建议。     

民营企业家成长的影响机制

民营经济已成为国民经济的重要组成部分,在民营企业发展过程中,企业家起了至关重要的作用。开展对民营企业家成长影响因素问题的研究将有助于壮大民营企业家队伍,为民营企业的发展提供强有力的人力资本。     

中外民营企业家能力比较研究

本文分析了我国民营企业的能力现状，并将三代民营企业家和四种类型的民营企业家的能力特点作了对比。文章还对中国民营企业家与国营企业家的能力和国外企业家的能力作出了对比研究。     

A resilient social economy? Insights from the community food sector in the UK

At a time of global economic and environmental crisis, academic and policy debates are re-emphasizing the potential of the social economy in providing an alternative development model that reconnects communities with their resource-base and enhances their ‘resilience’. The goal of this paper is to explore this potential through a focus on the practices and values of those who are concretely involved in the social economy. Based on data collected on five community food enterprises in Oxfordshire, UK, the analysis focuses on the perceptions of social entrepreneurs in relation to the ‘alternativeness’ of the social economy, its potential for expansion and its resilience. The research highlights the capacity of social entrepreneurs to empower local communities through a process of collective mobilization of local resources. Theoretically, this study generates new insights into the nature and meanings of resilience as a process of creation of more self-reliant communities of people, places, tools, skills and knowledge. From a policy and practice perspective, the paper raises the need for regional development strategies that capture the gains of these isolated initiatives, particularly in relation to their innovative capacity to create a shared vision that fosters synergies between local ecological, social and economic resources.     

Networks vs. market methods in high-tech venture fundraising: the impact of institutional environment

This study examines how institutional environmental factors, including cultural norm, state regulatory system and venture capital market, influence the high-tech entrepreneur's choice for using network vs. market methods when approaching prospective investors at the early stage of their new venture creation. We collected comparative data through on-site interviews and questionnaire survey with 128 high-tech entrepreneurs in Singapore (a newly industrialised economy) and 250 in Beijing, China (an emerging economy). Our findings suggest that a culture emphasising the value of social obligation, the under-development of the legal/regulatory system and the immaturity of the venture capital market increased the proclivity of entrepreneurs to use network methods. Moreover, entrepreneurs who value networks higher in social obligation than in information transfer are more likely to choose personal ties instead of business ties. This study enhances our understanding of how high-tech entrepreneurs in emerging economies choose between networks and market methods in venture fundraising, and offers suggestions on how public policy makers in these economies can improve the institutional environment of their regions to promote high-tech new venture creation.     

Entrepreneurship in the informal economy: commercial or social entrepreneurs?

Recent research has revealed that a large proportion of entrepreneurs start-up their ventures operating on a wholly or partially off-the-books basis. Until now, it has been commonly assumed that those who operate in the informal economy are exclusively commercial entrepreneurs. They are assumed to be rational economic actors who weigh up the benefits of operating off-the-books against the costs of being caught and decide to operate in this manner. The aim of this paper is to evaluate critically this a priori assumption. Reporting evidence from a 2005/6 survey involving face-to-face interviews with 102 informal entrepreneurs in Moscow in Russia, the finding is that such entrepreneurs are not purely commercially driven. Examining their rationales, informal entrepreneurs are found to range from purely rational economic actors pursuing for-profit logics through to purely social entrepreneurs pursuing purely social logics, with the majority somewhere in-between combining both for-profit and social rationales. Neither do their logics remain static over time. What begins as a commercial entrepreneurial venture may become more socially oriented over time or vice versa. So too do their logics vary socio-spatially. Those living in deprived populations are more socially-orientated, whilst those in relatively affluent populations are comparatively more profit-driven. The outcome is a call for a more nuanced explanation of the complex and heterogeneous logics of informal entrepreneurs.     

On the Evolution of Overconfidence and Entrepreneurs

This paper explains why seemingly irrational overconfident behavior can persist. Information aggregation is poor in groups in which most individuals herd. By ignoring the herd, the actions of overconfident individuals ("entrepreneurs") convey their private information. However, entrepreneurs make mistakes and thus die more frequently. The socially optimal proportion of entrepreneurs trades off the positive information externality against high attrition rates of entrepreneurs, and depends on the size of the group, on the degree of overconfidence, and on the accuracy of individuals' private information. The stationary distribution trades off the fitness of the group against the fitness of overconfident individuals.     

转型期民营企业家成长环境研究

企业家是企业的灵魂,是推动企业转型升级最适合而有效的人选。但是,目前还有部分民营企业家素质难以适应当今经济转型的要求。政府要从政策、法律制度、社会文化氛围、市场化进程、激励约束机制等方面着手,去构建适宜的环境,推动民营企业家快速成长。     

International market selection strategies of manufacturing and services firms

This paper discusses the entrepreneurial landscape in Africa and locates a new generation of African entrepreneurs and their business networks within it. Unlike others in that landscape (i.e. micro- or small-scale informal sector vendors, and traditional or multinational large-scale formal sector firms), the ‘new generation’ entrepreneurs are business globalists who organized a system of business enterprise networks consisting of national, regional, and pan-African organizations. The study analyses interview data from 57 men and women network members from 10 countries (Botswana, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe). Some defining characteristics of these entrepreneurs are interactive social and business relationships, use of modern management methods and information technology, trust among fellow members, transparent business practices, advocacy on behalf of the private sector, and commitment to increasing intra-African commerce. Their mission is to improve the climate for private sector business in Africa and to promote regional economic integration. They pursue cross-national commercial ventures, maintain official observer status at established regional economic organizations, sign memoranda of understanding with multilateral agencies, establish venture capital funds, and help to change government policies. The paper identifies characteristics of the ‘new generation’ entrepreneurs, evaluates goals and achievements of their networks, and concludes that despite limitations, these entrepreneurs and their organizations have created intra- and cross-national networks that strengthen private-sector-led economic growth in Africa.     

民营企业失控及可持续发展对策研究——以武汉城市圈为例

企业失控是一个复杂的过程。现代市场经济的要求与企业家管理知识不足等"四大"矛盾是构成武汉城市圈民营企业失控的主要矛盾。企业家拓宽知识面、摒弃功利观念、建立现代企业文化等是避免武汉城市圈民营企业失控和实现可持续发展的主要对策。     

Explaining off-the-books entrepreneurship: a critical evaluation of competing perspectives

The aim of this paper is to evaluate critically competing theoretical perspectives towards off-the-books entrepreneurship, namely the modernist perspective that depicts such endeavour as a leftover from a previous mode of accumulation, the romantic perspective that depicts it as a chosen alternative to the formal economy, the survivalist perspective that views it as a by-product of contemporary capitalism and survival practice for those marginalised from the circuits of the modern economy, and the social actor perspective that views off-the-books entrepreneurship as chosen for social, redistributive, political or identity reasons. To do this, a 2005/6 survey involving face-to-face interviews with 102 off-the-books entrepreneurs in Moscow is analysed. No single theorisation is found to be universally applicable to all Muscovite off-the-books entrepreneurs. Instead, all are found to be valid in relation to different populations of off-the-books entrepreneurs, and only by combining and using them all is it asserted to be feasible to achieve a finer-grained more nuanced explanation of the complex and heterogeneous character of off-the-books entrepreneurship.     

“Do incentives matter to promote high technology-driven entrepreneurial activity?”

A productive human capital is a necessary but not sufficient condition for regional economic growth. An additional condition is the adequate allocation of talented people in innovative entrepreneurial activities, which according to previous literature have a higher social value than traditional ones. Using a large and representative sample of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) located in the Basque Autonomous Community (Spain), we empirically analyze, separately in manufacture and services, whether individual incentives and market conditions are aligned in such a way that the talent is properly allocated in innovative entrepreneurial activities. Through a novel use of existing empirical methods we find that (i) entrepreneurs operating in high-tech sectors have, on average, more entrepreneurial talent and private returns than their counterparts; and that (ii) entrepreneurial talent and private returns are positively and significantly correlated. These novel insights suggest that private and social incentives are adequately aligned.     

Sharing my way to success: A case study on developing entrepreneurial ventures using social capital in an OSS community

While Open Source Software (OSS) communities provide opportunities for knowledge creation, we have a limited understanding of how entrepreneurs leverage OSS communities for their entrepreneurial ventures. Using social capital theory in a mixed methods case study, we compare entrepreneur and non-entrepreneur behaviors to investigate how entrepreneurs build social capital within an OSS community. This study shows that entrepreneurs differentiate themselves from non-entrepreneurs by focusing on cognitive and relational capital building activities, which in return makes it possible for them to leverage their social capital to influence and shape the environment in which they are operating. Our findings suggest that entrepreneurs strategically select which activities within the community to expend their limited resources on (e.g., developing code over participating in email conversations) and build their social capital more through their actions than through their words (e.g., showing their commitment to the community through code commits, bug fixes, and documentation). Given the liabilities of newness and smallness as well as other challenges faced by entrepreneurs, applying an open innovation strategy in OSS communities could be one approach where entrepreneurs, by developing and freely revealing their intellectual property to the community, share their way to success via OSS-infused entrepreneurial business ventures.