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Roads, Land Use, and Deforestation: A Spatial Model Applied to Belize   总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24  
Rural roads promote economic development, but they also facilitatedeforestation. To explore this tradeoff, this article developsa spatially explicit model of land use and estimates probabilitiesof alternative land uses as a function of land characteristicsand distance to market using a multinomial logit specificationof this model. Controls are incorporated for the endogeneityof road placement. The model is applied to data for southern Belize, an area experiencingrapid expansion of both subsistence and commercial agriculture,using geographic information system (GIS) techniques to selectsample points at 1-kilometer intervals. Market access, landquality, and tenure status affect the probability of agriculturalland use synergistically, having differential effects on thelikelihood of commercial versus semisubsistence farming. Theresults suggest that road building in areas with agriculturallypoor soils and low population densities may be a "lose-lose"proposition, causing habitat fragmentation and providing loweconomic returns.  相似文献   

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土地空间使用权的评估   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
《物权法》提出了土地使用权可以分层设立的规定。这就提出了评估土地空间使用权价值的新课题。本文通过借鉴国外建筑物各层立体价值的评估方法,认为可以将这一方法引入我国土地空间使用权的评估。本文还认为对以往的地价评估方法加以改进也可以用于土地空间使用权的评估;并认为土地空间使用权评估不应脱离现有的基准地价体系和地价评估理论。  相似文献   

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Land Values, Land Use, and the First Chicago Zoning Ordinance   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
This article examines whether the pattern of urban land use should have been regulated by local government in the 1920s, the decade in which many cities adopted their first zoning ordinances. The study is based on the assumption that land values are influenced by the mix of land use on the block. Conditions for land-value maximization are derived, and the circumstances under which land-use zoning can increase land values are discussed. Empirical land-value and land-use functions are estimated for Chicago in 1921, two years before the first Chicago zoning ordinance was adopted. The empirical results for land values imply that the land-use zoning system adopted in 1923 could not have brought about a general increase in land values. The empirical results for land use document the regularities in the use of land prior to the introduction of zoning.  相似文献   

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A standard historical approach to the study of a particular topic is to reach back into the past and to discover and to document early contributions, and if possible to find the first instance. To have been the first or to establish who was the first is a claim to fame. In two recent articles published in this journal such claims were made. Unfortunately for those that follow, these claims by Lee (1989) and Previts, Parker and Coffman (1990) seem incorrect.  相似文献   

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严峻  缪建林 《涉外税务》2004,(12):73-74
镇土地使用税暂行条例》(以下简称“条例”)第二条规定:在城市、县城、建制镇、工矿区范围内使用土地的单位和个人,为城镇土地使用税的纳税义务人。而国家税务局《关于土地使用税若干具体问题的解释和暂行规定的通知》(国税地字[1988]第015号)指:城镇土地使用税由拥有土地  相似文献   

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Many private common carriers or regulated utilities have eminent domain powers in the U.S. The rationale resembles that for local governments; lower cost of assembling land for long distance electric transmission, gas and oil products pipelines, etc. Recent court cases raise questions about whether eminent domain allows firms to use inefficiently long indirect land corridors, inefficiently wide corridors, or higher value land when lower value land is available as an alternative? Despite the incentive to over-use capital under rate-of-return regulation, it turns out that the firm adopts an excessive land corridor width only to the extent that corridor width is tied to capital usage. For route selection, rate-of-return regulated firms follow the same Pareto rule that would be followed by an efficiency-oriented government when designating which land to take for a transmission route by eminent domain.  相似文献   

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This article offers a critical assessment of the “survivor bonds” (SBs) proposal recently put forward by Blake and Burrows, which calls for the government to issue bonds whose coupon payments are contingent on the proportions of retirees surviving to particular ages. It suggests that the proposal has considerable merit and discusses the circumstances in which SBs would be useful risk management tools for insurance companies. It also discusses alternatives such as reinsurance, hedging with life contracts, dynamic hedging, and other forms of survivor derivative. Finally, it evaluates and rejects the argument that SBs should be issued by the state.  相似文献   

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现有研究对土地调整和农地使用权流转之间的关系并未形成统一定论,本文利用来自中国6省的农户调查数据建立Probit和Tobit计量模型进行研究,结果发现土地调整显著促进了农地使用权流转:一方面在非农就业机会存在的条件下,土地调整导致农户对地权不稳定的预期加强,促使有非农就业机会的农户更积极地转出农地,增加了农地供给;另一方面拥有较多农业固定资产的农户即使面对地权不稳定的威胁也不愿意降低土地需求,因而供给和需求两方面的合力表现出土地调整对农地使用权流转的显著正效应。这一研究结论为我国的农村土地政策制定以及农地使用权流转市场发育提供了重要依据。  相似文献   

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This comment describes the U.S. federal income tax treatment of corporate bonds that are indexed for inflation and argues that these bonds do not have a tax-tax clientele in the United States.  相似文献   

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In this article I expand on Turnbull’s presentation by highlighting two important aspects of regulations and their effects on land use. First, I summarize what we know about the dynamic effects of property taxation and discuss alternative tax regimes and their implications for land use. Second, I analyze the role of development impact fees and consider ways in which this new financing method may be rationalized.  相似文献   

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