发展机构投资者是否有利于股市的稳定--基于博弈角度的分析

一直以来,中国股市波动剧烈困扰着政府和管理层,借鉴国外发展经验,加大发展机构投资者比例,成为一个颇受关注并在积极实施的方案,关于这方面的研究也频见报端。本文从博弈的角度对这一问题进行了分析,通过建立一个信号博弈的精炼贝叶斯均衡模型,论证了提高机构投资者比例以稳定股市的博弈机理,超常规发展机构投资者,增加机构投资者的比例不失为增加股市稳定性的一个好策略。     

以基金为代表的机构投资者对中国股市的影响

中国正处在以证券投资基金为代表的机构投资者快速发展阶段,基金对于股票市场的影响力日益显现.机构投资者在发展的同时,其投资行为影响了股票市场的稳定性.本文从多个角度分析机构投资者对中国股市稳定性的影响,得出:以基金为代表的机构投资者对中国股市稳定性的影响并不是绝对的,它是一把双刃剑,既可以使较健全的市场趋于稳定与更加完善,又可以对非理性的市场推波助澜.     

如何才能完善新股询价机制？

新股发行过程中乱象频出，根源在于目前股市询价机制中的两个不合理：中小投资者的缺位失声与询价对象的机会主义行为。 在现行的询价机制中，参与网下询价的机构投资者和个人大额投资者可以参与新股报价，而普通个人投资者无权参与，这就导致了与中国股市利益息息相关的中小投资者在发行定价环节的失声。     

基于国际比较的股市个人投资者投资模式的影响因素分析与政策建议

相比发达国家而言,我国股市中机构投资者占比较低,股市投资者结构仍需进一步改善.从国际上来看,影响股市个人投资者选择直接投资还是委托机构投资的主要因素有政府税收因素、市场机构发展因素、市场参与成本因素以及社会与个人因素.在不影响个人投资者资金进入股市积极性的前提下,为了推动我国股市投资者结构进一步改善,本文建议从以下四个方面完善相关政策:一是多部门统筹协调,完善补充养老保险制度;二是发展并鼓励机构投资者积极参与金融衍生品市场,提高机构投资者的风险管理和产品创新能力;三是在畅通个人投资补充养老保险渠道的前提下,加强个人财产性收入税收征管,完善部分个人财产性收入的纳税体制;四是加强投资者教育和投资者适当性管理.     

个人投资者情绪、机构投资者情绪与证券市场指数收益——基于VAR模型的实证分析

基于VAR模型,运用Granger因果关系检验、脉冲响应函数和方差分解,对中国2005~2013年期间个人投资者情绪、机构投资者情绪与沪深股指收益之间的动态影响以及投资者情绪对股指收益的预测能力进行分析。研究结果表明,我国股市中的机构投资者并非理性交易者,其投资行为仍然受到情绪的显著影响。我国股市的总体情绪仍然被个人投资者所主导,机构投资者的影响力有限,尚没有充分发挥市场稳定器的作用。个人和机构投资者情绪对股指收益有显著影响,并具有一定的预测力。     

怎样提高散户申购的中签率

新股发行制度的改革牵动着数千万投资者的心。毕竟中国股市的很多问题，其源头都在新股发行制度上。所以，对于当前的新股发行制度改革，投资者寄予了极大的希望。投资者希望通过此次新股发行制度的改革，从根本上解决困扰中国股市健康发展的大小限问题，使中国股市早日走上健康发展之路。     

“基金热”是件大好事

2006年中国股市的良好表现，使各投资机构管理的各类基金彻底扭转了长期经营不理想的局面，创造出累计净值增幅在80％～130％之间的出色业绩，并由此掀起了一股抢购基金的狂潮。深入分析，当下出现的“基金热”并不是偶然现象，而是股市彻底回暖的必然结果。面对“基金热”是中国证券市场发展中的一件大好事。因为在实现着引导广大投资者让“专业机构理财”目的的同时，也给机构投资者发展带来了良好的市场环境。     

从基金投资看机构投资者的多元化

中国股市存在机构投资者与股市行情之间的“二律背反”：证券投资基金规模迅速壮大，但股票指数却逐渐滑落。这是由于我国机构投资的布局不合理，基金一方独大，市场中缺乏足以与其博弈的机构力量。超常规发展证券投资基金已经成为监管层的明确意图，但如果不打破现有机构格局，并不利于我国证券市场的可持续发展。     

"百年老店"正在股市孕育

一个成熟的股市与“百年老店”的不断涌现是成正比，那么，在中国股市正在走向成熟的进程里，相信中国股市的“百年老店”同样会越来越多地走入投资者的视线，股市的长期健康繁荣发展是可以预期的，投资者长期分享优质上市公司发展的成果也是可以预期的。     

“百年老店”正在股市孕育

一个成熟的股市与“百年老店”的不断涌现是成正比，那么，在中国股市正在走向成熟的进程里，相信中国股市的“百年老店”同样会越来越多地走入投资者的视线，股市的长期健康繁荣发展是可以预期的，投资者长期分享优质上市公司发展的成果也是可以预期的。     

The Sensitivity of Individual and Institutional Investors' Expectations to Changing Market Conditions: Evidence from Closed-End Funds

This study investigates whether individual and institutional investors respond differently to changes in market conditions. Closed-end funds are the medium used to test the hypothesis because closed-end fund shares (held primarily by individual investors) and the underlying assets (held primarily by institutional investors) are claims to the same stream of distributions. The empirical results suggest that individual investors are more responsive than institutional investors to changes in market conditions. Moreover, although the response of institutional investors differs across stock and bond markets, we cannot reject the hypothesis that the additional sensitivity of individual investors' expectations is uniform across stock and bond markets.     

机构投资者与个人投资者过度自信行为比较研究

本文首先基于我国A股市场机构股票持有数据,构建了不同的投资组合来区分机构投资者与个人投资者的投资行为。然后运用Granger因果检验与SUR估计,探讨了我国证券市场机构投资者与个人投资者是否具有过度自信行为,结果表明无论是机构投资者还是个人投资者在不同市场状态下都存在交易过多的过度自信认知偏差。并且我国证券市场上个人投资者与机构投资者的过度自信程度在不同的市场状态下并无明显差异。最后提出了相关政策建议。     

询价制度第一阶段改革有效吗

询价制度第一阶段改革后,新股定价效率明显提高,证监会取消对发行价格的管制是新股定价效率提高的前提,询价对象竞争程度的增加是定价效率提高的根本动因;改革后,机构投资者择股效应显著,将定价效率提高所引发的部分投资风险转嫁给了中小投资者。中小投资者由改革前利益分配不公平转变为改革后风险分担不公平,定价效率进一步提高很可能引发中小投资者的赢者诅咒。发行制度未来改革应在注重提高定价效率的同时,限制机构投资者向中小投资者转嫁风险的能力。     

Fool's mate: What does CHESS tell us about individual investor trading performance?

We investigate the short‐term relation between individual investor trading and stock returns on the Australian Securities Exchange. Stocks heavily bought by individual investors underperform stocks heavily sold over the subsequent three days, with respective returns on to a long–short portfolio of ?93, ?67 and ?12 basis points on days one, two and three. Individuals underperform in small and mid‐size stocks when they trade passively using limit orders waiting for the market price to move in their favour. Individuals underperform in large stocks when they trade aggressively using marketable orders. Foreign institutions gain from taking the opposite side of individual trades. We present an information asymmetry‐based explanation for the findings.     

The Distribution of Information among Institutional and Retail Investors in IPOs

This study examines investor performance in IPOs using a unique database comprising 85,384 investors and 29 offerings from Finland. The evidence indicates that on average institutional investors do not obtain larger initial returns than retail investors, as the incentive to acquire information is limited by allocation rules which favour small orders. This result is in contrast to findings by Aggarwal et al . (2002), who show that institutional investors perform better in a bookbuilding environment. Within each investor category, however, large orders are associated with the best performance, suggesting that information differences figure more importantly within rather than between categories.     

The Role of Foreign Shareholders in Disciplining Financial Reporting

We investigate the role of foreign shareholders in improving the quality of accounting information provided by firms domiciled in countries with low de facto institutional quality. Using a sample of firms from four South European countries (Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain) for which we observe detailed ownership evolutions over the period 2002–2007, we find that increases in foreign ownership lead to increases in financial reporting quality but only if the foreign shareholders are domiciled in countries with strong investor protection mechanisms. Further, we find that the improvement in financial reporting quality is more pronounced in the case of foreign institutional investors. Finally, our results hold before and after the introduction of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in 2005.     

Trading Better Versus Making More: Evidence from an Emerging Market

Using transaction data from Egypt, we examined the controversy over which investor—domestic or foreign—has superior trading performance in emerging markets. We account for informational and behavioral differences across investors by classifying them by origin and type and comparing their performance in trade execution versus profitability. Domestic institutions execute trades at the best prices with the greatest advantage against foreign institutions. This advantage is reduced when foreign institutions focus on large firms and trades. Profitability analysis revealed, however, that domestic investors accrue significant losses against foreign investors, suggesting that trading better does not necessarily translate into making more money.     

透明度变化对股票市场投资者委托单提交行为和交易成本影响研究

基于2003年12月8日沪深交易所交易前市场透明度改革背景,本文利用一家营业部的投资者报价和交易数据,研究同一个机构投资者和散户投资者在透明度改革前后委托单提交激进程度的变化,以及这种变化对其完成交易的成本的影响。我们发现,透明度改革前后,机构投资者的委托单提交激进程度都显著大于散户投资者的委托单提交激进程度。透明度增加以后,机构投资者的委托单激进程度显著减少,而散户投资者的委托单提交激进程度增加。同时发现,透明度增加以后,机构投资者通过分拆委托单,增加交易次数,导致完成交易的时间增加,但价格影响力基本没有变化,散户投资者的成交时间和价格影响力有显著改善。     

Who moves the stock market in an emerging country – Institutional or retail investors?

By analyzing the dynamic behavior of institutional and retail investors in the Indonesia Stock Exchange using their completed transactions (comprising over 250 million observations), this study highlights that their trading strategies and behavior, in which institutions play a more important role than individuals in the market, are indeed different. Specifically, past trading activities by individual (institutional) investors have significantly affected the current trading behaviors and strategies of individual investors (both investor types). Furthermore, retail (institutional) investors are most likely to perform contrarian (momentum) strategies and trade frequently (infrequently) with small (large) amounts of money and short (long) holding periods.     

Is the Aggregate Investor Reluctant to Realise Losses? Evidence from Taiwan

We ask whether the typical investor and the aggregate investor exhibit a bias known as the disposition effect, the tendency to sell investments that are held for a profit at a faster rate than investments held for a loss. We analyse all trading activity on the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TSE) for the five years ending in 1999. Using a dataset that contains all trades (over one billion) and the identity of every trader (nearly four million), we find that in aggregate, investors in Taiwan are about twice as likely to sell a stock if they are holding that stock for a gain rather than a loss. Eighty‐four percent of all Taiwanese investors sell winners at a faster rate than losers. Individuals, corporations, and dealers are reluctant to realise losses, while mutual funds and foreigners, who together account for less than 5% of all trades (by value), are not.