关于"三农"问题的再思考

在新世纪一定的历史时期内，“三农”问题仍是关系到我国改革开放和现代化建设能否成功的核心问题，造成“三农”问题的原因主要是城乡二元经济结构固化、城乡收入差距较大、财政投入不足和农民整体素质较低等。要采取综合措施，从根本上解决“三农”问题。     

论"三农"问题产生的原因及解决途径

“三农”问题是近十多年农村经济发展乃至整个国民经济发展中不断被重视和着力解决的问题，特别是2002年党的十六大提出了全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标，实现此目标的关键问题是解决好农业、农村和农民问题，其中农民收入问题是三者中的根本性问题。但“三农”问题的产生与存在的原因不仅仅在“三农”本身，而是宏观经济发展中阶段性矛盾的必然产物。     

解决“三农”问题的制度性变革与外部环境营造

中国的“三农”问题有深刻的历史原因和深层次的制度原因 ,诸如农民的非国民待遇、二元经济结构 ,土地制度缺陷等。解决“三农”问题要依靠机制创新、制度创新 ,创造出解决“三农”问题的内在动力 ,同时 ,应积极地营造解决“三农”问题的外部环境。     

全面建设小康社会中的"三农"问题解析

“三农”问题的核心是农民问题 ,依法维护农民的权益 ,保护农民的利益 ,是解决“三农”问题的重中之重。中国“三农”问题的症结是“二元”结构的矛盾。“二元”结构的核心是工业化迅速而城市化滞后。“二元”矛盾不是趋向于缓解 ,而是趋向于加剧。这说明“三农”问题将更趋严重 ,不能靠局部性 ,临时性的措施解决问题。只有按照发展先进生产力的要求 ,促进城市的生产因素向农村流动 ,农村人口向城镇转移 ,加快城市化步伐 ,大力发展农村经济 ,采取一系列重大举措才是根本途径。     

少数民族地区"三农"问题的思考

“三农”问题是民族地区现代化过程中的基础性问题。农业、农村、农民是农村经济由传统向现代转型过程中相互联系，相互交往的三个方面。因此，解决“三农”问题，必须把“三农”问题作为有机整体加以考察，实行综合治理。     

解析制约"三农"问题的两大财政制度障碍

“三农”问题,是关乎我国九亿农民的生存状况和国民经济发展与社会安定的大事。从财政角度看,“三农”问题的解决受到城乡二元化税制、地方财政体制两大制度制约。     

解决"三农"问题要重点突破

围绕“三农”问题理论界进行了广泛的研究和讨论，在吸收对“三农”问题已有的研究成果基础上，认为“三农”问题是一个复杂的系统工程，涉及政治、经济、文化、社会等各个领域。解决“三农”问题，既要通盘考虑，更要重点突破。具体是：突破农村问题的重点是推进农村市场化改革；突破农业问题的重点是走以农业产业化为实现形式的工业化道路；突破农民问题的重点是增加农民收入。     

关于提高农民素质的几点思考

“三农”问题的核心是农民问题,农民问题的核心是就业问题,就业问题的核心是农民素质问题。可以说,受教育年限偏低和专业技能缺乏是造成农民贫困和收入增加缓慢的主要原因。因此,加强农村教育,提高农民的素质,是解决中国“三农”问题的关键。     

解决"三农"问题的财政对策

农业、农村、农民问题,是实现全面建设小康社会目标的绕不过去的关口,没有农民的小康就没有全社会的小康。全面建设小康社会,必须切实解决“三农”问题,这是国家社会经济发展的头等大事。财政作为党和政府支持和保护“三农”发展的重要手段,在全面建设小康社会的过程中肩负着重大的历史使命。     

提高交易效率是解决"三农"问题之根本

“三农”问题,各家谈得多、谈得杂、谈得细。本文从制度经济学的角度出发,通过对农民产前、产中、产后的交易进行分析,认为解决“三农”问题的关键是弥补交易主体的缺失,扶植农民组织,清理交易环境,打破其他交易主体的市场垄断地位,提高交易效率。     

Health, Wealth, Fertility, Education, and Inequality

The authors use a new cross-country dataset to estimate the strength of the links between different dimensions of social and economic development, including indicators of health, fertility, and education, as well as material wellbeing. This differs from previous studies in employing data for different income groups in each country in order to provide direct evidence on factors driving inequality, and in using a unique measure of material wellbeing that does not rely on PPP comparisons.     

Inflation,money, interest rate,exchange rate,and casuality: the case of Egypt,Morocco, and Tunisia

This study provides further evidence of the inflationary efects of the rates of growth of money supply, gross domestic product, efective exchange rate, and imported inflation for Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia using quarterly data from 1964 to 1990. In addition, it examines the Granger causality between inflation and money supply as well as between inflation and the real exchange rate in the countries under consideration. Most of the results are consistent with extant theory and empirical evidence.     

IPR,Trade, FDI,and Technology Transfer

In this survey, we discuss how intellectual property rights （IPR） protection in the South affects trade flows, foreign direct investment （FDI） flows, and technology transfers from the North to the South. We also discuss optimal IPR policies and their effect on innovation. Our discussion covers both theoretical studies and empirical evidence. This survey is both comprehensive and critical. It aims to give readers the current state of IPR and globalization literature. Some issues have been studied more thoroughly, whereas for others the surface has only been scratched upon. This survey gives readers a clearer picture of the literature and may help them find future research topics.     

Trade,Remittances, Institutions,and Economic Growth

This paper empirically investigates the role of trade, remittances, and institutions in economic development in a large sample of developing countries using recently developed instruments for all these variables. Both cross-country (over 30 years) and dynamic panel data (over 5-year periods) regressions of growth rates on instrumented trade, remittances, and institutions provide evidence of a significant impact of trade, institutions, and remittances on growth. While institutions foster growth, remittances hamper it. The effect of trade on growth is positive in cross-sectional regressions but ambiguous in dynamic panel data regressions. These results are indicative of a more important role for trade in explaining growth in the very long run compared with over shorter horizons.