Developing an empirical socioeconomic typology of counties in five western states

County-level data representing a broad range of socioeconomic variables were obtained for the 190 counties in five western States-California, Colorado, Nevada, Utah and Wyoming. A factor analysis of these variables produced eight orthogonal factors: (1) Urbanism, (2) Poverty vs affluence, (3) County tax revenues and services, relative to population, (4) Proportion of aged population, (5) Social stability vs instability, (6) New housing development vs cattle ranching, (7) Crop farming, welfare and unemployment, and (8) Small business activity vs level of federal employment. Several ways of examining scores on these factors were explored and demonstrated: distributions of scores on individual factors across counties were displayed graphically; individual county profiles, comprised of scores on all eight factors, were produced and examined; and groups of counties with similar profiles (representing county “types”) were identified through cluster analysis, and their average profiles and geographic distributions displayed and discussed. Groupings of clusters which were similar in some respects and varied in others were also presented. The utility of these methods for planning activities which may involve individual counties and/or groups of counties is discussed.     

美国蔬菜产业的扶持政策

介绍了美国蔬菜生产的概况。通过对美国零散分布于相关农业政策中有关蔬菜生产扶持的政策进行提炼和分析,介绍了美国对蔬菜生产进行扶持的主要措施与做法。     

An Analytic Network Process model for financial-crisis forecasting

We discuss and develop an imbalance-crisis turning point model to forecast the likelihood of a financial crisis based on an Analytic Network Process framework. The Analytic Network Process (ANP) is a general theory of relative measurement used to derive composite-priority-ratio scales from individual-ratio scales that represent relative influence of factors that interact with respect to control criteria. Through its supermatrix, which is composed of matrices of column priorities, the ANP framework captures the outcome of dependence and feedback within and between clusters of explanatory factors. We argue that our framework is more flexible and is more comprehensive than traditional methods and previous models. We illustrate how the ANP model would be implemented for forecasting the probability of crises.     

中、美小企业生存环境探析

美国的小企业在美国的经济发展中起到了举足轻重的作用。美国政府为小企业的发展提供了比较完善的社会环境,这些环境有利于美国小企业的发展。我们可以从美国的小企业的生存环境中借鉴成功的经验,为我国中小企业的发展创立有利条件,加快我国中小企业的发展。     

城市化背景下的减灾文化建设:美国的经验与启示

美国在城市化背景下形成了丰富而有效的减灾文化,参照马林诺夫斯基将文化分为器物、组织和精神三个层次的做法,本文从减灾科技支撑、减灾组织体系和减灾思想理念三个方面阐述了美国减灾文化建设的主要措施和特点,并提出了加强中国减灾文化建设的建议。     

新郊区主义与美国郊区的密集化发展

由于人口的快速增长和城市规划理念的可持续发展转向,美国很多郊区出现了密集化发展的趋向,有学者称之为"新郊区主义"。在简要回顾美国的郊区化历程和城市规划范式转型的基础上,对"新郊区主义"的产生背景、主要观点、发展模式及其面临的挑战等进行了介绍与评价,探讨了其对处于快速扩张时期的中国郊区发展的启发意义,如注重功能混合、创新乡村社区发展模式、发掘和培育社区品质、提高交通与通讯可达性、推进多元主体的公众参与等。     

公众参与及美国城市规划制度的发展

城市规划中公众参与的发展过程与市民运动以及政府行政改革的兴起密切相关.从20世纪60年代在英美等西方发达国家的起步发展到现在,不仅公众参与的社会环境发生了深刻的变化,而且参与活动本身在形式、参与程度等方面与初期相比都发生了极大的变化,进而也对原有的城市规划制度产生了各种深远的影响.回顾美国城市规划中公众参与的发展历程,分析公众参与的主要形式和内容,总结公众参与的主要特点及其发展中的问题,进而探讨公众参与对规划制度的影响以及今后的发展趋势.     

Markov analysis of land use change: Continuous time and stationary processes

In an earlier paper one of the authors has used actual land use maps to establish the validity of the Markov process for describing and projecting land use changes. In a subsequent paper the same data was used to calibrate a non-homogeneous, birth and death process in which the land uses were dichotomized into either of two states: developed or undeveloped. The present paper pursues two aspects raised by the earlier ones: whether the process of land use changes can be considered a stationary process and, if so, whether it can be fit by a continuous-time, rather than discrete-time, model. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a feasible fit are indicated.     

美军网络媒体价值透视

美军网站的影响力大,功能性强,在宣传、沟通、服务、监督等方面都发挥着重要的作用,成为美军公共事务活动中的重要部分。根据不同的受众群体,美军网站体现出不同的媒体价值功能。     

A model of the national health service for structural analysis and planning

A model of the NHS linking indicators of “need” and demand for health care services, provision and availability of health care facilities, use made of these facilities and outcome of the care provided through the medium of sets of regression equations is described. Problems of obtaining suitable indicators or measures of these attributes are discussed. The structure of interactions between these facets of the NHS revealed by the model and application of the model to prediction of the impact of policy changes are illustrated.     

美军射频识别技术应用特点及存在的问题

分析了美军射频识别应用特点及存在的问题,为我军现代化军事物流的建设发展提供参考借鉴。     

浅析美军联合军官管理制度发展

随着诸军种联合作战的规模和频率不断增加,为改进联合作战能力,美军对联合作战指挥结构进行了改革,出台了联合军官管理制度,对联合军官的选拔、教育和晋升等作出了具体的规定。     

美军配送式物流中应用多式联运的研究

美军作为配送式后勤的先行者,在多式联运方面积累了丰富经验。首先分析了多式联运在美军配送体系中的作用,接着从5个方面论述了美军运用多式联运的实践经验。     

Two-level national-regional planning and mathematical programming decomposition applied to spatial price equilibrium models2

This paper is concerned with computation strategies related with the quantitative analysis of only a sector of a global economy (e.g. agriculture or energy). Under a ceteris paribus condition on the environment of the sector, and within the hypothetical context of the neoclassical economic theory, it is well known a type of partial equilibrium model that can be cast mathematically into an optimization framework. We attempt here to a typical specification which considers spatially separated markets, that has been called spatial price equilibrium model and that has contained within it many classical transportation problems (one for each commodity). The model is specially suitable for mathematical programming decomposition, resulting regional sybsystems whose coupling variables are the transportation flows. We explore here this structure, discussing two decomposition algorithms with economic interpretations that suggest decentralized procedures for planning. The first—of the price coordination type—is a variant of the Dantzig-Wolfe's principle which is expected to have a low number of cycles of information flow between the master level and the sub-problems (at each cycle it is calculated a series of regional production-consumption responses to alternative prices generated by transhipment problems at the central planning level). The second algorithm specializes the Geoffrion's projection/feasible directions technique, so interpreting the problem solution within the context of a net-output target coordination.     

Keeping the Faith but Losing in Court: Legal Implications of Proselytizing in the Workplace

Proselytizing at work occurs when an employee tries to convince coworkers to change their religions. This presents an interesting set of legal issues, because some employees feel that proselytizing is a requirement of their religion. Therefore, they could perceive a prohibition on proselytizing at work as a discriminatory act against members of their religion. On the other hand, other employees may be offended by attempts to change their religious practices. These employees could perceive workplace proselytizing as religious harassment. Therefore, American employers have to adopt religious harassment policies that are much more complex than their sexual harassment policies. In this paper, we outline the components of a legally compliant religious harassment policy which balances the competing rights of proselytizers and their intended targets.     

美军联合电子战中管理职能探析

美军认为,信息化战争中把握好联合电子战运行过程中的关节点对顺利实施电子攻防起着事半功倍的作用。本文结合管理理论,对美军联合作战条令中电子战的理论和实施进行了研究,以期对我军电子战的实施和管理提供参考。     

浅析美军供应链保障模式及对我军的启示

精确、及时、高效的后勤保障是夺取现代战争的关键因素。美军利用供应链理论。借鉴现代物流企业先进的供应链管理理念，优化其物流系统，使其后勤保障系统不断成熟与发展，实现了适时、适地、适量的后勤保障。美军应用供应链理论的成功经验及其存在的不足为我军提供了有益的启示。     

美国物流六十年及启示

回顾了物流在美国的发展和研究状况,从历史和学术研究史的角度看,对深入认识物流的本质和未来发展趋势都有着重要的作用。同时,美国物流的发展史对我国的物流发展也有着积极的借鉴作用。     

借鉴美军经验 推进装备维修管理费规范化管理

针对我军装备维修管理费管理工作中存在的预算编制不完善、执行随意性大,预算调整、经费会计核算及监督与内控不规范等问题,在对美军装备维修费管理特点分析的基础上,给出了推进我军装备维修管理费规范化管理的启示和建议。     

今日中美高校学生事务管理比较与展望

美国是高等教育最发达的国家之一,学生事务管理也走在世界前列,其工作理念先进、体系完整、专业化程度高。本文就当今中美高校学生事务发展背景、管理方式和内容、管理队伍等方面的差异进行总结和分析,比较和借鉴中展望我国学生工作的发展趋势。