中国物流业技术进步与技术效率研究

在构建1999～2006年中国30个省区市物流业面板数据的基础上,应用Malmquist-DEA方法,对中国物流业全要素生产率(TFP)的增长来源、差异与变化趋势进行了实证分析.结果表明,考察期内中国各地区物流业全要素生产率呈增长态势,技术进步是全要素生产率增长的主要动力,技术效率的恶化阻碍了生产率的增长;各地区存在严重的投入拥挤和资源浪费现象;东、中、西部区域之间全要素生产率增长存在差异,原因各不相同;东部全要素生产率平均增长最快,西部技术进步增长明显,相对而言,低水平的技术进步与技术效率使得中部地区全要素生产率平均增长最慢.σ检验表明,技术效率在三大区域之间和区域内部有发散的趋势.目前应注重物流业的规划、管理及区域间的协调发展.     

中国农业生产率的变动与分解分析:1978～2004年--基于非参数的HMB生产率指数的实证研究

本文使用非参数的HMB生产率指数方法，考察了中国农村改革以来农业全要素生产率（TFP）的变动趋势，并把TFP的增长构成分解为技术进步、技术效率变化、规模效应和投入产出混合效应四个部分。结果表明，改革开放以来我国农业TFP的增长主要是由技术进步推动的，技术效率的下降对TFP的增长造成了不利影响，而规模效应和混合效应影响较弱。文章还指出中国农业的育种能力和生物技术的发展是农业技术进步的决定力量。     

我国技术效率、技术进步与生产率区域差异的实证研究

本文用非参数Malmquist指数方法研究了我国全要素生产率的增长状况及其区域差异,并将其分解为技术进步和技术效率,同时采用增长回归法对我国地区之间TFP、技术效率、科技进步的差异进行了检验。研究表明:1994-2007年间我国全要素生产率年均增长率达到1%,主要得益于技术进步水平的提高,技术效率总体上呈现下滑趋势;我国各省市区的科技进步、技术效率、TFP变化呈现出较为明显的差异,其中TFP和科技进步变化差异最为明显,而技术效率变化差异不大。     

基于DEA的中国旅游饭店业的效率分析

近些年,我国的旅游饭店业得到迅速成长。本文采用非参数DEA方法对中国旅游饭店业全要素生产率的增长状况进行分析,并分解为技术效率增长与技术进步增长,并进一步探讨了各地区饭店业全要素生产率的增长特征。结果显示:2004～2008年间,中国旅游饭店业TFP平均增长了6.3%。同时东中西部地区旅游饭店业全要素生产率增长存在显著差异,且影响全要素生产率增长的来源也不相同,中西部地区TFP增长快于东部地区,东部地区较多地依赖于技术进步的提高,而中西部则更多地依赖于技术效率尤其是规模效率的提高。     

浅析我国物流业全要素生产率

采用曼奎斯特指数法,对1997～2007年我国物流业全要素生产率和技术效率的发展情况进行了数据分析。其结果显示:我国物流业全要素生产率(TFP)增长主要得益于技术进步,由于技术进步增长不快,且技术效率负增长对技术进步的削减作用较大,因此我国物流业全要素生产率增长较为缓慢。通过各指数进行相关分析和回归分析得出一些更进一步的结论,为预测全要素生产率对技术进步指数、技术效率变化指数、规模效率指数等的变化提供了参考依据。     

中国高质量发展阶段下的产业结构变迁与经济增长研究——基于结构-效率-速度的逻辑框架

本文以结构-效率-速度为逻辑框架,在分析 “服务业成本病”与“结构性减速”形成机制的基础上,通过成本 曼奎斯特模型与传统径向曼奎斯特模型相结合的非参数方法测算产业的全要素生产率、规模效率、配置效率及技术进步和价格效应的增长率。研究表明：（1）“服务业成本病”和“结构性减速”实质上一脉相承,以“服务业成本病”现象来反驳经济增长进入“结构性减速”阶段是自相矛盾的;（2）中国各产业的技术进步增长对其全要素生产率增长起决定性作用,各产业的技术进步增长减缓使得其全要素生产率增长下降,从而导致中国经济增速下滑;（3）在全要素生产率层面上,服务业并非是“技术停滞”部门,但服务业内部部门的全要素生产率增长存在较大异质性,生活性服务业的全要素生产率增长较快,而生产性服务业和公共服务业的全要素生产率增长缓慢;（4）中国各产业的配置效率增长总体上比较缓慢,进一步着力深化市场化改革和供给侧结构性改革势在必行。     

中国地区研发创新的相对效率与全要素生产率增长分解

以1998～2006年中国大陆30个省级地区的面板数据为基础,应用超越对数随机前沿模型,实证测评了各地区研发创新的相对效率与全要素生产率增长情况.研究显示一段时间内全国整体研发创新技术效率较低,尚有较大的提升空间;各地区研发创新技术效率存在差异,且东部地区高于中、西部;研发创新的全要素生产率与技术进步均有所增长,但增幅减缓;技术进步是全要素生产率增长的主要动力,而技术效率在考察期内并未发生明显变化;全要素生产率增长与技术进步均不存在绝对收敛,但存在条件收敛.     

我国制造业全要素生产率区域差异及其原因研究——基于制造业2003─2011年面板数据的实证分析

我国制造业的全要素生产率变动存在区域性差异。基于DEA分解的Malmquist指数法分解结果表明,东部地区制造业TFP增长主要由技术进步推动,而中西部地区则表现为技术效率的提升。就影响因素而言,FDI以及汇率波动对东部地区制造业TFP变动的影响显著。基础设施建设水平则对西部地区制造业TFP提升有着重要作用。此外,市场化进程也对中西部地区全要素生产率的提升产生影响。     

长三角地区服务业全要素生产率的测算（2003年-2011年）--基于Malmquist指数法

院文章基于Malmquist 指数法,测算了长三角地区服务业全要素生产率（TFP）指数.研究结果表明（1）2003-2011年长三角地区服务业TFP 指数年均值为0.997,其中上海市服务业TFP 指数为1.023;（2）长三角地区服务业增长态势趋缓,服务业增长率与TFP 指数变动呈高度正相关;（3）技术进步是提高服务业全要素生产率的主要因素.长三角地区产业结构逐渐向服务经济转型,应依靠技术进步,鼓励创新,提高服务业生产率,促进服务业的长期健康发展.     

中国工业全要素生产率与结构演变：1990~2013年

本文测算了1989~2013年工业分行业的增加值、劳动投入、资本存量,利用随机前沿分析（SFA）计算1990~2013年分行业的全要素生产率（TFP）,进而估计工业所有制结构变化对工业TFP增长的效应。本文发现,在考察期内,只有技术进步基本保持了持续增长,配置效率改善在2000年以后明显放缓;工业所有制结构变化显著提高了工业TFP增长率,但对技术进步的作用不显著;将考察期划分为两个阶段后发现,后一阶段所有制结构变化对TFP的促进作用明显小于前一阶段。工业改革的重点在于促使资源合理、自由流动,创造公平的市场环境,为工业TFP增长释放更大的空间。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。