基于期权视角的夹层融资财务风险分析与控制

针对夹层融资同时具有股权和债权的风险收益特征,从期权角度分析夹层融资中所暗含的权益成分,从而利于夹层融资的成本分析与财务风险管理。通过比较有无夹层融资情况下公司资本结构变化,探讨了财务成本发生的相应变化,从而构建起财务风险分析与管理模型。并且,针对现有样本比较少的实际情况,利用支持向量机具有的小样本处理的优势,较好地适应了我国夹层融资活动开展时间较晚而导致的数据较少的实际,从而为众多投资者、融资者和监管者提供了决策依据。     

融合产业链特征的云企业阶段性融资策略研究

本文针对我国云计算企业在快速发展过程中的融资难问题,通过对云计算产业链的特征、资金需求特征、风险特征的分析,有针对性地提出了夹层融资、融资租赁、知识产权担保等多种融资模式相结合的融资体系策略,构建了云计算企业的阶段性融资框架,为解决云计算企业融资难的问题提供参考。     

夹层融资:股权与债务之间资本通道

随着企业融资需求规模日益扩大,传统的股权或债务的二元融资结构,愈发不能满足投资融资者之于风险与收益价值的权衡立场。私募市场独有的灵活性,债与股之间逐渐增大的空间,使兼顾双面特征的夹层融资工具应运而生,并逐渐在新一轮的资本博弈中备受关注     

我国上市公司股权融资偏好探析

我国上市公司的资本结构严重违背了西方“融资优序理论”,表现出不同的特点,即资产负债比率严重偏低,上市公司偏好股权融资。本文分析了股权融资偏好的现状特征和缺陷,从融资成本、公司股权治理结构和政策体制方面分析了我国上市公司股权融资偏好的原因,并根据分析提出了改善股权融资偏好的建议。     

夹层融资:一种灵活的融资方式

夹层融资（Mezzanine Financing）是一种回报和风险处于风险较高的股权融资和风险较低的优先债务之间的融资方式．它处于公司资本结构的中层，因而得名。“夹层”的概念源自华尔街，原指介于投资级债券与垃圾债券之间的债券等级，后逐渐演变到公司财务中，指介于股权与优先债权之间的投资形式。之所以称为夹层．从资金费用角度看，夹层融资的融资费用低于股权融资，如可以采取债权的固定利率方式．对股权人体现出债权的优点：从权益角度看．夹层融资的权益低于优先债权．对于优先债权人来讲．可以体现出股权的优点。这样在传统股权、债券的二元结构中增加了一层。夹层融资是一种非常灵活的融资方式．作为股本与债务之间的缓冲．     

科技型中小微企业融资结构影响因素的实证研究

以山东省科技型中小微企业为样本,采用统计分析、计量模型等方法,从企业角度探讨了不同生命发展阶段的科技型中小微企业融资结构及其影响因素。研究表明:处于不同生命周期阶段的科技型中小微企业融资结构存在明显差异,融资结构呈现出先内后外、由股权融资向债权融资的阶段性特征。企业融资结构与其偿债能力、规模大小及成长性显著相关;股权融资对改善企业的间接融资环境有明显帮助,股权融资与贷款融资具有一定的替代效应,股权融资有助于降低企业贷款成本。     

夹层基金透视

企业融资需求呈现多样化、个性化的趋势,由此市场融资渠道开始多层次发展,可以运用的投资工具也越来越多元化。这其中,夹层投资作为发达国家资本市场,尤其是私募股权资本市场上常用的一种投资形式,以及与之相应的夹层基金日益受到关注。“夹层”这两个字的概念最初产生于华尔街。那时“夹层”是指在垃圾债券与投资级债券之间的一个债券等级,之后,逐渐演变到了公司财务中,作为了一种融资方式。     

我国上市公司融资偏好及成因分析

融资优序理论认为:企业融资的一般顺序应当首先是内部融资,其次是债务融资,最后才是股权融资.与国外相比,我国上市公司呈股权融资偏好.本文分析了我国上市公司股权融资偏好的影响,并主要从融资成本和公司治理结构两方面剖析了股权融资偏好产生的原因.     

夹层融资——企业融资方式创新

我国的企业融资体系是典型的以银行融资为主导的体系,企业特别是中小企业融资困难,融资渠道单一.夹层融资是在国际市场蓬勃发展的企业融资方式,进行夹层融资创新是解决企业融资困难的有效途径之一.本文对夹层融资产品和市场进行了研究,结合国际市场发展趋势和我国企业融资现状,指出了我国发展夹层融资的途径和意义,从理论和实践方面,对我国企业融资和商业银行的业务创新提出了新的思路.     

中国资本市场发展中的融资陷阱分析

西方发达国家的融资实践已经证实,现代融资理论的融资优序定律对企业融资具有显著的指导意义,企业应偏好于债权融资方式。而我国上市公司在融资方式上却存在着明显的股权融资倾向。这一反常现象在实践中不仅对上市公司造成了不利影响,同时也给我国经济宏观层面带来了一定的负面效应,笔者据此提出了资本市场的“股权融资陷阱”分析。当前,分析“股权融资陷阱”产生的背景和影响,对于优化我国上市公司资本结构,顺利实现上市公司股权分置改革无疑具有重要意义。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.