我国应对气候变化的融资策略

气候融资是生态文明建设的关键环节,也是中国经济低碳转型的重要保障,在发展过程中面临多重挑战。第一,要明确气候融资目标,制定气候融资战略规划,从融资主体、时间战略、空间战略等三个层次,在目标设定、路径选择、重点任务、核心渠道及政策组合等方面作出合理部署;第二,要健全气候融资管理体制和政策体系,适时出台相关法律法规;第三,要激活气候融资机制,扩大公共资金来源,推动国内碳市场发展。     

应对气候变化补贴与SCM协定

补贴是各国目前所普遍采用的应对气候变化措施之一。但是,依据现有补贴与反补贴(SCM)规则,很多以应对气候变化为真实目的的补贴都可能被判定为禁止性补贴或可诉性补贴,从而在很大程度上限制了WTO成员采取应对气候变化补贴措施的自由。因此,要为各国推行正当的应对气候变化补贴铺平道路,就必须对SCM协定的相关规则进行修改和完善。目前比较可行的办法是借鉴GATT第20条模式,增加环保例外条款。     

碳关税与减缓气候变化

通过国际贸易与气候变化的关系,本文审视了碳关税作为贸易领域减缓气候变化措施尚存在的问题,认为即使碳关税为世贸组织所接受,在传统意义上也未必能成为一种有效的保护产业竞争力的手段,在亟需全球合作的时刻反而会适得其反。目前,全球的产业合作协定、技术共享等可能更为有效。从长期看,碳关税成为气候政策的一部分将是必不可少的,它可以成为减缓和适应气候变化的重要措施,中国须未雨绸缪。     

中英海关合作破获象牙走私案

4月6日,早春时节.北京还有些凉意.下午4点,首都国际机场货运处仍然是车水马龙.北京市某贸易公司经理杨某正在接收从肯尼亚首都内罗毕经英国伦敦发到中国北京的货物.杨某一米七三的个头,留着生意人流行的板寸,练达、稳重.一切手续都齐备,没有任何纰漏.验票之后,一个标号为AKE30219BA装有445公斤皂石雕刻工艺品的包装箱被装上一辆蓝色的小型卡车.杨某一身轻松地拉开桑塔纳轿车的门.两辆车一前一后,相随着驶出了机场专用道,风驰电掣般地向昌平方向奔去.杨某志得意满地轻击着方向盘,盘算着再过一个小时货物就可以安全到家了.然而,他断然不会想到,在身后的车流中,有几辆北京海关调查局、侦查分局的车子,已经紧紧地盯住了他.一张由中国和英国海关联手布下的打击象牙走私的大网,正在收紧.     

应对气候变化:公众怎么看

<正>哥本哈根气候大会,场内争锋相对,相互角逐,场外如火如荼、声势浩大。自哥本哈根气候大会伊始,各国民间力量也齐聚哥本哈根,一方面使用层出不穷的方式宣传气候变化严重性;一方面表达民意,敦促大会代表达成     

Applying Matching Strategies in Climate Change Negotiations

This paper aims to apply game theory matching mechanisms to international climate change negotiations using numerical analysis in order to overcome the free-riding problem without a central authority. The analysis found that the mechanisms can increase the reduction by 2.5 times compared to the case without the mechanisms. It also demonstrates that coupling it with an emission trading scheme could reduce total abatement costs, and improve countries’ payoffs substantially. Matching mechanisms could be tabled in international climate change negotiations based on the conditional pledges which are currently proposed by the European Union and a few other countries.     

Flexibility,Skill and Technical Change in UK Retailing

This article examines employment patterns in British retailing during the 1980s. It focuses on two debates central to contemporary economic sociology: the flexibility thesis and theories of skill and technical change. The data derive fiom the ESRC's Social Change and Economic Life Initiative and represent a sample of 72 retailing establishments fiom six localities in Britain. The article reveals that technological change had not produced much in the way of deskilling: rather, it had enskilled the work of already qualified and trained employees. Whilst part-time employment had increased in many stores, there was little evidence of any significant growth of other kinds of peripheral labour.     

打造不惧气候变化的坚强城市

暴雨、洪水、风雪……城市越来越频繁地遭受种种极端气候的侵袭。如何帮助城市应对气候变化？美国弗吉尼亚大学景观建筑系主任克里斯蒂娜·希尔（KristinaHill）是气候变化如何影响建筑环境及自然环境这一领域的专家。她指出,专业设计师们必须从实际和心理两方面做好准备帮助城市适应气候变化。＂我们经济的未来,多数人的健康、安全以及福利都要依靠现在的最佳实践＂。令她欣慰的是,已经有城市着手积极应对气候变化。     

Change in the size distribution of UK firms

This paper examines the extent of change and stability in the population of UK firms through time in terms of its size distribution, as defined by number of employees. It was empirically found that the distribution of employment by firm size remained surprisingly constant over the 1987–1989 period. A major implication of this finding is that in times of very high net job creation (involving high gross job creation and loss), factors are at work in the economy to keep the population distribution of firms (in terms of employment concentrations) more or less stable. It is hypothesised that a natural concentration exists for each different size band, and that as change takes place, the proportion of total employment based in the size band will tend towards this natural level.The rise in the proportion of employment in small firms, and the comparatively high job creation ability of small firms in recent times has come about in part because of negative rather than positive macro-economic influences. In recession, small firms in aggregate in spite of their individual volatility, are the most resilient. In prosperous times they do not increase their proportion of employment share, while in times of recession they do. Our results imply that large firms have a very significant, if not the most significant, bearing upon aggregate employment trends. On the other hand, small firms inherently have more potential to create jobs than large firms.The majority of public expenditure and legislative support for UK business is directed at large firms, as a result of culture and tradition. Even with the benefit of this support, large firms in recent decades have still performed badly, in job generation terms. In contrast, small firms have shown an inherent advantage in their ability to create jobs. A shift of government expenditure and legislative support from large to small firms would further enhance and realise the potential of small firms to benefit the economy and create jobs.     

WTO与UNEP联合报告:《贸易与气候变化》

2009年6月26日,世贸组织(WTO)与联合国环境规划署(UNEP)共同发表了一份报告:《贸易和气候变化》——首次阐释自由贸易与气候变化的关系。报告主要通过文献研究和调查各国政策的研究方法分析了贸易和气候变化的联系。报告从四个层面分析了相互交织的贸易和气候变化问题,包括"当前气候变化的科学体系"、"贸易与气候变化的理论与证据"、"应对气候变化的多边协作"、"减缓与适应国家气候变化政策及其对多边贸易的影响"。WTO和UNEP一直寻求在实现可持续发展问题上建立合作伙伴关系,该报告正是双方合作的重要研究成果。     

Ethical Climate and Managerial Success in China

This study examines perceptions of ethical climate and ethical practices of 118 successful Chinese managers among business students and managers in the Zhejiang province of China. The impact of different ethical climate types on perceived ethical practices of successful managers was also investigated. The “rules” was the most reported, and “independence” was the least reported, among the various climate types. A majority of the respondents perceive successful managers as ethical. In addition, those who believed that their organization had a “rules” climate perceived a strong positive link between success and ethical behavior. None of the other climate types had an impact on the link between success and ethical behavior.     

The Climate Change Impact of Material Use

There is a direct physical relationship between the quantity of raw materials used in industrial processes, the energy required and, hence, GHG emissions. The latter are emitted in all stages of the product lifecycle: extraction, production, consumption and waste management.     

社科院发布2009气候变化绿皮书

10月25日,由中国社会科学院-中国气象局气候变化经济学模拟联合实验室组织撰写,社会科学文献出版社出版的2009年气候变化绿皮书<应对气候变化报告(2009)--通向哥本哈根>在京正式发布,绿皮挡分析了当前国际气候谈判和未来走势.     

哥本哈根，通往共识之路还有多远——社科院发布2009气候变化绿皮书

10月25日,由中国社会科学院-中国气象局气候变化经济学模拟联合实验室组织撰写、社会科学文献出版社出版的2009年气候变化绿皮书《应对气候变化报告（2009）——通向哥本哈根》在京正式发布,绿皮书分析了当前国际气候谈判和未来走势。     

应对气候变化:"节能减排"在行动

冰川融化、海平面上升、资源枯竭、气温升高、环境恶化……这一系列由人类活动造成的温室效应引起的灾难日益引起全人类的关注,的确是我们该做些什么的时候了,各国正在进行的节能减排行动似乎让我们稍感宽慰。     

气候影响海关政策

各国政府可能要求海关以边境程序或海关执法方式实施气候变化减缓政策,例如征收进口碳税（尤其是边境调节税）、实施针对低碳能源技术的贸易便利化（尤其是商品归类的运用）、针对违规的排放许可交易进行执法活动等。另外,海关还须制定相应政策处理气候变化的影响,例如对人道主义救援物资实施快速清关、促进贸易复苏、对气候变化引发的国际贸易紧缩及其进而导致的福利损失加以应对。     

Economic and Financial Climate Change: A Business Economist's Perspective

Over the past 50 years, one of the key elements of the evolution of the world economy has been the increasing complexity of financial transactions. This complexity is manifested in financial layering and disintermediation that has increased risk in the real as well as the financial sectors. The consequences of an adverse outcome of this risk are obvious in the current economic situation. This paper analyzes the imbalances that have arisen between the real and financial sectors and the consequences of the ballooning of the financial sector without producing positive contributions to the real sector and increasing risk to both. It calls for restraint on excesses of financial innovation and risk taking that cannot be held in check by market forces alone.     

A Simple Endogenous Model of Economic Activity and Climate Change

The greenhouse effect is considered as an externality generated by production and manufacturing activities. A two-sector general equilibrium model is constructed to study the characteristics of the time paths of the world economy and the global average temperatures under the competitive equilibrium     

On Explaining Individual and Corporate Culpability in the Global Climate Change Era

Humans are causing global climate change (GCC), and such climate change causes harms. Robin Attfield explained how individuals should be understood to be culpable for these harms. In this paper, I use a critical analysis of Attfield’s explanatory framework to explore further difficulties in accounting for corporate responsibility for these harms. I begin by arguing that there are some problems with his framework as it is applied to individuals that emit greenhouse gases (GHGs). I then show that it will be very difficult to extend this framework to corporations. This is not a criticism of Attfield’s work (as he does not discuss corporate responsibility for those harms associated with GCC), but it will serve to show the difficulty in philosophically explaining corporations’ moral culpability when it comes to these harms. In fact, one positive conclusion of this paper is that it highlights a new area of concern that has been ignored in discussions of corporate responsibilities—that of mediated responsibilities—which is how Attfield understands our responsibilities regarding GCC. The discussion of this concern will draw attention to another positive conclusion of this paper: the harms associated with CO₂ are very unlike the harms associated with other airborne-emitted substances, which will indicate that we will need new ways of understanding how individuals and corporations are philosophically responsible for these harms. The final positive conclusion of this paper will be a discussion of what the constraints should be on new approaches to explaining our culpability.