我国中小企业技术创新发展对策研究

我国中小企业对创造GDP、增加财政收入、扩大就业、繁荣市场等方面起着不可替代的作用。但是随着经济的全球化，中小企业不但要面临来自国内企业的竞争，还要和国外企业竞争，生存环境十分恶劣。为了在竞争中处于优势地位，技术创新必不可少。但是由于种种客观主观的原因，我国中小企业在技术创新上存在很多的问题，文章分析了其中的四个主要问题，并提出了相应的对策。     

关于企业技术创新战略的几点认识

市场的多变性使企业技术创新对提高企业竞争优势，促进企业发展的作用与日俱增，同时企业技术创新的风险也日益增加，正确选择技术创新战略是企业经营管理中重要的问题。本文以提高企业竞争优势，促进企业持久发展为出发点，探讨了企业技术创新战略管理的基本模式。     

基于企业技术创新的知识产权保护

世界经济一体化的速度随着科技的迅速发展不断加快。国家之间以及企业之间的竞争已经逐渐过渡为技术层面的竞争，这就意味着技术创新越来越成为企业生存和发展的重要基础。我国加入WTO后，国外大量企业的涌入，并迅速在我国计算机、光学、生物工程等高新技术领域纷纷申请专利和注册商标以及著作权保护，使我国企业的知识产权受到来自各方面的围...     

道路货运企业信息化初探

随着我国加入世界贸易组织，国外大量实力雄厚，竞争力强的大型运输企业进入中国道路运输市场，我国道路货运企业将面临前所未有的竞争和挑战。道路货运企业必须依靠技术创新，强化自身素质，全面提高企业经营管理水平，增强企业核心竞争力，才能在激烈的市场竞争中生存和发展。     

现阶段我国企业技术创新战略浅析

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制改革的逐步深化,尤其在我国顺利加入WTO后,我国企业面临日益激烈的市场竞争,中国企业只有通过技术革命,进行技术创新,才能不断地获取竞争优势,提升企业核心竞争力,进而在全球范围内的激烈竞争中占有一席之地。而在特定的历史条件下,能否制定出符合企业实际情况的技术创新战略则是企业技术创新能否成功的关键。因此,如何进行企业技术创新战略的选择是一个值得我们思考的问题。     

加强技术创新的风险管理

企业的技术创新进入实际应用,并产生经济、社会效益,是实现经济增长方式转变的必然途径。随着改革的不断深入．国外企业进入中国市场,市场竞争日益激烈．我国企业特别是国有企业要想在竞争中获得发展,就必须提高技术创新能力,增强自身的核心竞争力。     

提高我国企业技术创新能力六策

“科学技术是第一生产力”。现代企业的竞争已越来越依赖科学技术，强化技术创新已成为世界企业管理的一股新潮流，而广泛深入的开展企业技术创新也成为实现我国经济增长方式转变的重要内容。我国加入WTO在即，企业即将面对国际市场的竞争，在力加强企业技术创新，促进企业持续发展，提高企业竞争能力，已成为提高我国综合国力和企业整体效益的一项紧迫任务。     

试论中国加入WTO与中小企业技术创新

中国加入ＷＴＯ，与发达国家相比，中小企业在劳动密集型产业中具有比较优势。但要实现产业优势向竞争优势的升级，关键还在于通过技术创新，增强企业的生存能力与竞争实力，从而在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地。 一、加入ＷＴＯ，中小企业技术创新遇到契机 加入ＷＴＯ是一个双向市场开放的过程，一方面是国外产品和企业将大量进入国内市场，另一方面是我国产品和企业将有更多机会打入世界市场。在这个过程之中，中小企业将与世界先进技术、新的工艺流程和科学管理方法频繁接触，从中获得诸多技术创新机遇。 １、一体化市场的更多获利，引…     

企业技术创新模式选择的实证研究

从微观上看,企业技术创新应与企业的竞争环境和自身条件相适应,在不同时期选择具体的创新目标和创新行为;从宏观上看,企业技术创新应与大环境相融合,选择适应国情国力的创新战略与创新方式。本文以江苏省为例,基于1996年全省企业技术创新抽样调查资料(1139个随机样本,包括各种企业规模、各种经济类型、各种行业、各种隶属关系),对我国企业技术创新现状作实证分析,提出现阶段我国企业技术创新的合理范式。     

构建中小企业协同创新体系

一、中小企业技术创新的两难选择 从早期的BP机、VCD，到现在的DVD、MP3、手机、洗衣机，中国的企业吃尽了同质化、价格战的苦头，越来越多的中小企业意识到创新是他们赢得持续竞争优势的重要手段，然而最近的一项调查显示，我国企业在进行技术创新中，只有不到25％获得了较好的创新回报，许多企业每年花费大量经费用于创新但效果不佳，陷入了两难选择，     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。