中式糕点的发展研究

糕点是一种常见的食品,无论是西式糕点还是中式糕点都因为其美观的造型和香甜的口感而受到消费者的喜欢。相比于西式糕点,中式糕点在制作手法上更加注重中国的传统文化和饮食习惯。改革开放后,随着西式糕点的大量涌入,传统中式糕点的发展受到一定程度的冲击。如何挖掘传统糕点的精华,创新口味,提高中式糕点的产品质量,促使中式糕点行业更好更快的发展,是食品科学研究者和生产者需要不断探索和思考的问题。基于此,从中式糕点的特色、发展中面临的挑战等方面分析中式糕点的发展趋势。     

中式元素在室内设计中的应用研究

多年来,室内设计师们一直喜欢将中式元素运用到的设计中来,有时是纯粹的中式风格,有些时候则是将中式元素与传统符号以现代的手法与现代的材料表现出来.中国的传统文化有着几千年的历史,如何运用中式风格,如何更好的继承和发展中国的传统艺术风格是我们多年来一直思考与探讨的重要课题.才能使传统元素得到真正的发展.文章从中国传统文化、中国元素内容、传统室内装饰艺术的思想元素和传统元素与室内装饰艺术的结合四个方面.结合具体的设计作品进行论述.     

浅议中式面点的历史及发展趋势

中式面点是中国饮食不可或缺的组成部分,至今已有几千年的历史。它以历史悠久、风味多样、品种丰富而著称。随着社会经济的发展,现如今的中式面点呈现出精细化、艺术化,便捷化、标准化,营养化与个性化等发展趋势,同时还具有一定的文化性与传承性。     

我国中式面点创新开发新方向探析

本文首先从不同角度阐述了当前阶段我国中式面点的创新情况,接着分析了中式面点创新开发新方向,最后就如何做好中式面点创新开发、促进中式面点朝着新方向稳步发展提出了几点建议。     

中式面点的创新

中式面点经历数千年的传承和发展,并逐渐突破南米北面的局限,中式面点的范围不断拓展。本文试从中式面点的创新着手,探索中式面点创新的思路。     

“真功夫”品牌发展的SWOT探析

“真功夫”品牌经历品牌初创期，正处于高速发展的品牌成长期。本文通过SWOT战略分析模型探析“真功夫”的品牌发展之路，也为中式快餐未来的发展之路提供了借鉴。     

中式快餐的发展战略

中式快餐的发展立足于本土化经营,注重人们的饮食习惯与文化,已越来越被人们所接受,发展空间巨大。当前,中式快餐经营中存在的问题,主要是缺乏创新意识及经营管理漏洞颇多,导致了很多中式快餐企业都只是昙花一现。要构建起完善的中式快餐行业的发展体系,企业应结合新工艺和新产品,走连锁经营和特色经营模式,并紧跟时代步伐,提高企业文化水平,迎合消费者的需求,提高员工整体素质,以促进中式快餐行业更好更快的发展起来。     

土鸡为何不敌洋鸡

自洋快餐进入国门后，中式快餐与洋快餐的较量就从未停止过，但总体说来，中式快餐始终没能对洋快餐的市场份额形成有效的冲击。中国作为一个泱泱烹饪大国，有着几千年美食文化的传统，而且中式快餐能为当地百姓提供更符合大多数消费者饮食习惯的食品和服务，本应该在市场竞争中占据上风。可十几年下来，洋快餐稳打稳扎．占据了快餐业越来越多的市场份额。而我们却屡屡以失败告终，这是为什么？ 在国内快餐行业里，先后有两个中式快餐品牌公然向洋快餐巨头发起挑战，一次是红高粱VS麦当劳，一次是荣华鸡VS肯德基。而后一对品牌同以“鸡”闻名，在产品上更具有可比性，他们之间的争斗被媒体称为“土鸡洋鸡大战”，不过，这场“斗鸡比赛”没有预想的精彩，虽然荣华鸡口味独到，但在管理细节上却远远不是人家的对手．最后耐力不足的荣华鸡不得不黯然出局。     

西式快餐冲击下中式快餐的出路

餐饮业作为百业之首,被称为永远的朝阳行业。随着经济的快速发展和人均收入的提高,整个餐饮业也经历多年的快速膨胀式发展,快餐已经成了我国居民最为习惯的的日常就餐方式之一。国内的一些快餐企业通过连锁经营的方式在全国范围内进行"跑马圈地"式的野蛮发展,初步积累了一些与国际快餐巨头在国内市场面对面竞争的资本。然而,相比于"洋快餐"而言,中式快餐虽然具有熟悉口味,价格,市场,成本等优势,但我国快餐企业仍然整体处于落后的地位。面对不断进行"本土化"策略的西式快餐的冲击,中式快餐如何才能打拼出一条属于自己的科学发展之路,本文通过将西式快餐和中式快餐进行横向对比,并通过与本地市场情况相结合的方法为中式快餐探寻出一条切实可行的道路。     

中式糕点可持续发展对策探讨

中式糕点作为中华传统美食,具有深厚的历史、文化意义,也深受民众喜爱,但在当前西式甜点的冲击下发展前景堪忧,本文从中式糕点的发展机遇、面临的挑战方面进行分析,探讨中式糕点可持续发展对策,并提出建议,以利于中式糕点的发展。     

中式面点的分类与制作

中式面点又称为面点,是我国重要的特色食品。中式面点种类很多,可以突出地域特点,不同地方都有属于自己的标志性面点小吃,如天津的麻花、北京的驴打滚、上海特色小笼包及山东的大煎饼等。想要做出优质的中式面点,一定要具备色、香、味,由于其种类繁多,制作的造型也不同,为了增加客流量、吸引新顾客,其制作工艺也要做到与众不同。基于此,主要针对中式面点的分类与制作进行分析和探讨,以供借鉴。     

Restaurant Patronage and the Ethnic Groups in Singapore

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to assess the restaurant patronage practices (food habits) of three major ethnic groups (Chinese, Malays, and Indians) of Singapore. A total of 390 questionnaires were distributed. In spite of major cultural, socio-economic and religious differences, the three ethnic groups have common food habits while eating out. Eating at theme restaurants is not popular across the three ethnic groups. Among the ethnic groups under consideration, the food habits while eating out differed from the food habits of those groups while eating at home. The study indicated that all three ethnic groups eat out regularly. Chinese patronize quick service restaurants more frequently than the other ethnic groups. Chinese and Indians patronize “Hawker centers” more often than the Malays. Perception of nutrition and gender has very little affect on food habits while eating out. The obtained results partially supported the Barker's model.     

Healthy eating habit: A role for goals,identity, and self‐control?

Supporting healthier eating habits is crucial for improving population health outcomes. Underpinning everyday eating patterns are recurring actions that may lead to positive or negative health outcomes depending on the healthfulness of such actions. The aim of this research was to explore individual‐level determinants of a healthy eating habit and consider to what extent personal goals and self‐control are linked to a healthy eating habit. One thousand one hundred nine adults completed a survey focusing on a range of factors that potentially sway food choice behaviors. A structural model, developed based on a review of existing literature, was tested using self‐reported healthy eating habit (Verplanken & Orbell, 2003 ) as the dependent variable. Analysis suggests that along with health‐conscious identity and food hedonism, self‐control was one of the strongest determinants of a healthy eating habit. Furthermore, while healthy eating goals had a direct significant effect, other goals, economizing and emotional, did not. However, all three goals along with food hedonism had a significant indirect effect that was mediated through self‐control. In revealing the role of self‐control, this work questions the underlying assumption of automaticity in a healthy eating habit. This leads to the questions: what is a healthy eating habit and to what extent can healthy eating behaviors ever be truly characterized as controlled by heuristics and automaticity? This analysis suggests that healthy eating is an ongoing behavioral project that requires the continued engagement of deliberative processes; thus habit within this context, and as measured using self‐reported habit, may be a misnomer. The use of healthy eating routines, as opposed to habits, may be more appropriate to acknowledge the role of both automatic and deliberative processes with self‐control being central in everyday decision making. Important practical and theoretical implications are discussed along with potential approaches for health and food sectors to support healthier eating behavior in the future.     

我国开发绿色食品面临的问题与对策

随着中国经济的快速发展,人们生活水平的提高,吃饱喝足的观念已成为过去。取而代之的是安全、健康、无公害、注重环保的绿色食品倍受现代消费者的青睐。从国际国内的市场分析中得出中国应大力开发以注重生态效益和经济效益相结合的绿色食品并逐步向有机食品过渡。同时,也应看到目前中国开发绿色食品存在的问题,必须采取相应对策,促进绿色食品的开发。     

A characterization of peanut consumption in four countries: results from focus groups and their implications for peanut allergy prevalence

Rates of peanut allergy in the Western world have increased over the last 30 years, although it is unclear why. While eating behaviours are likely to be connected to allergy prevalence, the precise relevant factors are uncertain. This study aimed to investigate dietary differences and changes in dietary habits in peanut consumption (in apparent and hidden forms) in four different countries (Bulgaria, Poland, Spain, UK), specifically chosen because of their different ‘peanut experiences’. Focus groups revealed a common perception that dietary habits have become less healthy, with more consumption of processed foods and an increase in snacking. In addition, ethnic cuisine was perceived to have had an important impact on European eating habits, while participants identified an increase in consumption of more ‘exotic’ forms of peanuts and their products. These findings point to an increase in exposure to peanuts, particularly in hidden forms, that superficially parallels increased prevalence rates. However, it was also clear that participants lacked knowledge about the composition of food and non‐food products. The dietary trends identified here thus warrant further quantitative investigation, particularly in the context of differential national patterns of allergy prevalence – data on which is currently being gathered within the EC‐funded EuroPrevall project.     

加入WTO对我国糕点食品业的影响及对策

加入ＷＴＯ糕点食品行业的发展面临着机遇，且更多地面临挑战，因此糕点食品的生产企业必须不断发展自我，在改革和创新中求生存、求发展，发扬传统中华饮食文化，运用品牌营销等多种营销手段，将我国的糕点食品推向世界。     

三星堆玉（石）器上发现的指南针及古文字新释

在三星堆地区出土的玉（石）器上发现了指南针及“东、西、南、北”四个方位字。其中,指南针是玉（石）的,不会转动,是象征性的,可能当时已有会转动的实物。这一发现,把中国指南针的发现史推到了伏羲时代,而其上的“东”、“西”、“南”、“北”四个方位字的发现,更显现出在上古时代我们祖先对空间的认识,这些古文字比甲骨文更早,那种认为甲骨文是中国文字的“顶峰”的观点是错误的。由此可推断,中国文字的发展史至少在万年或万年以上。     

Factors that influence the consumption of food outside the home in Brazil

The food sector has taken on an unprecedented dynamism in recent years. The processing and distribution of food, although heavily influenced by tradition, have seen intensive innovations, leading to changes in the way individuals consume. One of these changes is the consistent growth of the habit of eating outside the home. Consuming food outside the home involves a number of practices such as eating at commercial establishments that specialize in food (restaurants, fast food restaurants and snack bars) and those that offer food as a part of their services (hotels, in‐flight meals), and non‐commercial alternatives such as the homes of family and friends. In order to describe the eating habits of consumers in the town of Lavras in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, especially when it comes to eating outside the home, a quantitative study was conducted, with 413 questionnaires being distributed by convenience sampling. Among the main results are: (a) a search for variety as a motivator for eating outside the home; (b) convenience as an important element on many occasions of consumption; (c) more intensive consumption and more favourable attitudes towards eating out on the part of younger people, people with higher incomes, no children and a higher degree of schooling; (d) importance of paying for food by the kilo. When compared with a study conducted in England, important similarities were identified in socio‐demographic influences, although the cultural factors are notable when it comes to dishes and the types of eating establishment. The growing habit of eating out has therefore become a worldwide phenomenon, but with cultural and regional differences that have led to different rhythms in terms of change and the way food is supplied. The recovery of embedded cultural habits, with increased value being given to slow food, traditional dishes and tradition itself, appears to co‐exist with a productivity model of food courts, pasteurization and accessible prices. The occasion for consumption, which may be understood as the dichotomies of ‘weekday versus weekend’ or ‘convenience versus leisure’, is an important element that influences consumer behaviours. The undertaking of a cross‐cultural comparative study can be seen as an important step in this field of research.     

The influence of age and gender on food choice: a focus group exploration

With 25% of the UK population predicted to be obese by 2010, the costs to individuals and society are set to rise. Due to the extra economic and social pressures obesity causes, there is an increasing need to understand what motivates and prevents consumers from eating a healthy diet so as to be able to tailor policy interventions to specific groups in society. In so doing, it is important to explore potential variations in attitudes, motivation and behaviour as a function of age and gender. Both demographic factors are easily distinguished within society and a future intervention study which targets either, or both, of these would likely be both feasible and cost‐effective for policy makers. As part of a preliminary study, six focus groups (total n = 43) were conducted at the University of Reading in November 2006, with groups segmented on the basis of age and gender. In order to gather more sensitive information, participants were also asked to fill out a short anonymous questionnaire before each focus group began, relating to healthy eating, alcohol consumption and body dissatisfaction. Making use of thematic content analysis, results suggested that most participants were aware of the type of foods that contribute to a healthy diet and the importance of achieving a healthy balance within a diet. However, they believed that healthy eating messages were often conflicting, and were uncertain about where to find information on the topic. Participants believed that the family has an important role in educating children about eating habits. Despite these similarities, there were a number of key differences among the groups in terms of their reasons for making food choices. Older participants (60+ years old) were more likely to make food choices based on health considerations. Participants between the ages of 18–30 were less concerned with this link, and instead focused on issues of food preparation and knowledge, prices and time. Younger female participants said they had more energy when they ate healthier diets; however, very often their food choices related to concern with their appearance. Older female participants also expressed this concern within the questionnaire, rather than in the group discussions. Overall, these results suggest that consumer motivations for healthy eating are diverse and that this must be considered by government, retailers and food producers.