粤港澳大湾区城市总部经济政策分析

本文归纳总结了粤港澳大湾区六大主要城市(广州、深圳、东莞、佛山、珠海、惠州)总部经济政策的内容及特点。总部经济政策一般包含认定方式、奖励措施、配套政策与服务三项内容。粤港澳大湾区总部经济政策认定方法因地制宜、多样细致;奖励政策名目多样,旨在降本提效及吸引高端人才;配套政策集中于用地、人才、城市服务和政府服务等方面。     

Review of Dr S S Brand's report on the finances and economy of Soweto*

This article is a review of a report by Dr S S Brand of the Development Bank of Southern Africa on the economy and finances of Soweto. The major recommendations are summarized and briefly analysed in terms of four major demands of Soweto residents.     

Johannesburg’s implementation of the National Water Act, 1998 in Soweto,South Africa

ABSTRACT

The Guide to the National Water Act, 1998 (Act 36 of 1998) regards the availability of water as a basic human right. However, local governments seem to struggle to pay for the water they provide to their residents as prescribed in the Water Services Act, 1997 (Act 108 of 1997). This study focused on the domestic provision and consumption of water in Soweto, one of the largest townships in the Johannesburg area of South Africa. Surveys were conducted with 372 respondents from three different socio-economic suburbs in Soweto with the aim to establish their water use perceptions and practices. Study results indicate implementation of the National Water Act is still being resisted by Sowetan households more than two decades after its adoption, due to the difference in expectations of the municipality and the residents regarding rights to water access and responsible usage.     

Human and social capital in Soweto in 1999: Report on a field study

This article summarises data that were gathered in a 1 000-household survey conducted in Soweto in mid-1999, the purpose of which was to test some hypotheses on the interrelationships between certain kinds of human capital and social capital. Information was collected on education and other forms of human capital, as well as on a number of social capital factors under the categories of household composition, group membership, values and various forms of trust. Household expenditure was also explored in detail, both as a proxy for household income and in order to determine current investment in human and social capital. The article contains the tabulations of all the information gathered, plus a number of cross-tabulations showing links that are of possible interest. The statistics are adjusted for survey design, and are thus applicable to Soweto as a whole.     

粤港澳大湾区创业风险投资网络演化及影响因素研究

创业风险投资是科技企业获取权益资本融资的一项重要金融制度安排，在粤港澳大湾区和社会主义先行示范区的国家战略规划下，大力发展创业风险投资能推动粤港澳大湾区国际科创中心建设，进一步发挥金融对实体经济的服务与支持作用。文章基于社会网络分析视角，通过构建大湾区创业风险投资城市联系网络，从投资金额、项目分布、整体网络密度、核心-边缘结构等方面分析大湾区创业风险投资网络的时空演化特征，并探究其影响因素。研究发现：大湾区创业风险投资发展顺应宏观环境的波动，城市群内部形成港深广三大集聚中心，存在显著的空间、阶段分布不均衡的特征；港深广形塑了大湾区创业风险投资的网络关系，网络规模、联系日益加强，并呈现出"东密西疏"的放射状格局；港深广的集聚效应显著，边缘城市之间的投资联系仍较弱；经济环境、创业企业、创投机构、制度因素对大湾区创业风险投资联系有显著影响，其中经济及制度作用强度占主导。     

Aspects of environmental quality of life that affect neighbourhood satisfaction in disadvantaged and advantaged Johannesburg communities

To ascertain which aspects of environmental quality of life affect neighbourhood satisfaction, a study was conducted with 303 tenure allocated residents of an informal settlement in Soweto, 160 residents of a squatter camp in the same informal settlement, and 375 black and 358 white residents of a middle-class Johannesburg suburb. Respondents rated their satisfaction with housing, public schools, public clinics, public transport, roads, personal safety, street lighting, household refuse removal, jobs, local government and the neighbourhood. Black suburbanites tended to be more satisfied than the other three groups with most of these aspects. Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that housing and personal safety accounted for 45 per cent (informal settlement), 21 per cent (squatter camp), 33 per cent (black suburbanites), and 28 per cent (white suburbanites) of the variance in neighbourhood satisfaction. The findings substantiated the importance of housing and personal safety in both disadvantaged and advantaged communities.     

Increasing returns: evidence from local wage rates in Great Britain

This paper shows that wage rate variations among local areasof Great Britain are significantly positively related to employmentdensity, and argues that this is due to the presence of increasingreturns deriving from more varied producer services in denserareas, controlling for the effect on wages of good access toan efficient workforce, either locally or as a result of in-commuting.The higher wages in Greater London in particular are seen tobe linked to increasing returns and enhanced worker efficiency,although other central city areas show similar influences toa lesser degree, with in-commuting a significant factor.     

粤港澳大湾区税收问题研究的概况与趋势——基于CiteSpace工具的文献计量学分析

利用分析软件CiteSpace,运用可视化分析的方法对粤港澳大湾区税收问题的核心研究力量、研究现状和研究趋势进行分析.研究发现:学者对香港地区税收领域的研究给予的关注度最强;研究主要集中在征管模式、香港税收问题、吸引外商投资的税制和三地税收政策4个方面;研究主题突现时间与当时宏观背景以及相关税种改革时点相契合;研究热点由研究直接税转变为研究以增值税为代表的间接税、由研究香港税收制度特点和征纳双方存在的税收问题转变为研究湾区内税收筹划问题再转变为现在的研究粤港澳大湾区税收协调问题.     

Access to agricultural extension,credit and markets among small‐scale farmers in southern Zambia

This article used survey data to determine the extent to which small‐scale farm households in the Choma district of Zambia's southern province have access to agricultural extension services, credit and markets. The findings show that the majority of the sample households had access to extension and credit services. They also showed that the resource base or wealth of the households — as manifested by farm size, livestock ownership and human capital or management capacity (the household head's training in agriculture) — is a significant factor when accounting for differential access to extension and credit. On the other hand, study findings suggest that farm households are facing problems with marketing their produce under the liberalised agricultural marketing system. Based on these findings, the article discusses recommendations for providing solutions to some of the problems affecting small‐scale farmers in accessing production services.     

DETERMINANTS OF SCHOOL ENROLMENT AND EDUCATION ATTAINMENT: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM KENYA1

This paper investigates the determinants of demand for schooling in Kenya. Probit and ordered probit methods are used to model enrolment and attainment respectively. The results show that child characteristics, parental education and other household characteristics, quality and cost of schooling are important determinants of demand for education services in Kenya. The results further show that girls would be more affected by policy changes than boys. The findings call for targeting in efforts to boost and sustain demand for schooling in Kenya. The study recommends immediate policy interventions focusing on improving quality of education and poverty alleviation.     

Survival strategies of HIV/AIDS – affected households in Soweto

This article reports the survival strategies used by households in Soweto with at least one HIV/AIDS-affected member. Data were collected on four occasions between September 2002 and August 2003 from each household, based on diary records and supplemented by interviews with the financial head of the household. In terms of frequency of use and the contribution made to the finances of affected households, the most important survival strategies were: the sick member continuing at work for as long as possible, borrowing from friends and relatives, receiving transfers from relatives, and taking up social grants. These results are broadly similar to those reported by Booysen and associates in their Free State studies.     

The impact of financial development on the income and consumption levels of China’s rural residents

In this paper, we investigate the impact of financial development on rural residents’ income and consumption levels in China. We discover that the development of traditional financial services has little impact on the income and consumption levels of rural residents. In contrast, the development of emerging financial services has a significant positive impact on the income and consumption levels of rural residents. Traditional financial services, as is well known, require collateral and high expected future cash flows from customers, making financial inclusion difficult. Emerging financial services in China are special financial services promoted by financial regulators to support technological innovation, cultural development, environmental protection, and rural development. Our findings suggest that these emerging financial services are effective in increasing the income and consumption levels of rural residents. Interestingly, while emerging financial services that directly target rural development have no significant impact on rural residents' income and consumption, financial support for technological advancement and cultural development appears to be more effective in increasing rural residents' income and consumption.     

Analysing and evaluating the taxpayer's demand for merit goods: the case of public sector education and health in Mauritius

This paper analyses the average taxpayer's demand for merit goods, namely, education and health, in Mauritius, a small developing island state. To study these development-related goods, a fresh methodology is employed that captures the characteristics of the Mauritian economy. The empirical evidence relates to the post-independence period of more than three decades, 1973 to 1999 and beyond. The respective demand elasticities for each merit good are analysed and evaluated. The findings indicate that, contrary to the conventional theory of demand, beneficiaries tend to demand more of such goods when their prices are increased, and less when they are decreased. The rationale for this behaviour is that people, in general, and taxpayers, in particular, being quality conscious, increase their demand when they are asked to pay more, expecting in return an improvement in the quality of services. However, there is evidence that over these three decades users' preferences have shifted, particularly in the case of education, towards private provision, indicating less reliance on public sector provision, and that during the years of structural adjustments the demand for these services was severely suppressed.     

粤港澳大湾区建设中的税制差异研究

粤港澳大湾区要实现经济一体化,必然要克服香港、澳门和广东三地之间的税制差异带来的冲突问题。香港和澳门在"一国两制"的基础下被赋予税收立法权,税制协调的基础是保障香港和澳门的税收独立。粤港澳三地之间的税制差异主要表现在税率、税种、税收特点、税收管辖、税收征管等方面,正是这些差异使得在大湾区建设中产生重复征税、逃税避税、税收利益分配不均衡以及征管机构行政管辖权冲突等问题,从而阻碍粤港澳三地的经济发展。     

数字经济背景下珠海生物医药产业国际合作路径研究

生物医药产业是珠海市优先发展的战略性产业,生物医药产业自身的特点决定了需要借助国际合作来促进产业的高质量发展,当前数字经济发展迅猛,为生物医药产业国际合作提供了良好环境。通过研究当前珠海生物医药产业国际合作现状及存在问题,基于数字经济背景提出搭建数字化产业联盟推动科研合作、灵活引进高水平人才和跨国公司、深化粤港澳大湾区要素合作、分区域有重点地开展医药产业国际合作的发展路径,为新形势下珠海生物医药产业优化升级提供借鉴。     

Foreign Direct Investment and Services Trade: Evidence from Malaysia and Singapore

Abstract

Services trade is an important source of growth in Malaysia and Singapore. Both economies are export-oriented and actively court foreign direct investment (FDI) to advance their economic objectives of industrialization and economic development. This paper examines the causal linkages between inward FDI and the country's engagement in services trade in bi-variate and tri-variate VAR frameworks. The empirical findings for Singapore show evidence of bi-directional causality between inward FDI and the total trade volume in services (i.e. the absolute sum of payments and receipts) as well as between FDI and services imports (in the tri-variate specification). This may reflect her relative open foreign investment policy and free trade regime in services. For Malaysia, the evidence of causality is weaker and uni-directional, from inward FDI to services imports. These findings are consistent with the different stages of economic development and openness attained by the two sample countries, and they provide useful background for trade and foreign investment policies and development strategies.     

Analysis of interregional differences in inflationary developments in the economy of Central Russia

The article presents an analysis of regional characteristics of inflationary developments in the economy of Central Russia. An analysis of the annual dynamics of base regional consumer price indices, as well as price indices for food products, nonfood items, and services during 2000–2011, is provided. An extrapolation inflation rate forecast for the regions of Central Russia for 2013–2014 is also presented. An econometric model that relates regional consumer price indices in 2008–2011 to price indices for food products, nonfood items, and services has been constructed. A typology of the regions of Central Russia is suggested based on multiple base regional consumer price indices for food and nonfood products, as well as services in 2008–2011.     

基于投入产出的江西省生产性服务业效率评价

将投入产出表与DEA综合使用,构建了基于投入产出表的DEA模型,拓宽了数据包络分析应用范围;针对江西经济发展现状和产业特性,基于投入产出分析技术界定生产性服务业范围：以2007年江西省投入产出表为DEA模型数据基础,构造C2R模型评价生产性服务业各部门效率：最后提出了相应的调整方案。结果表明：江西生产性服务业24个部门中仅4个部门达到技术和规模有效,其余20个部门为非DEA有效,均存在不同程度冗余。     

中国服务业FDI决定因素的实证分析

本文通过对我国服务业利用FDI的影响因素进行实证分析,验证各个解释变量对被解释变量的相关程度,先对数据的平稳性进行分析,然后综合运用ADF平稳性检验,Granger因果关系和协整检验,对各自变量对因变量的影响程度及其原因展开了深入分析。     

Rethinking township tourism: Towards responsible tourism development in South African townships

Township tourism in South Africa has grown in popularity since 1994 and is considered by some to be an appropriate mechanism for stimulating local economic development. This paper suggests, however, that it is not necessarily a viable or responsible development option, since it does not automatically ensure pro-poor benefits or enhance community development. Primary research conducted in Soweto to understand visitor demand and tourism stakeholder perspectives suggests there is a demand for responsible tourism in townships. The paper contributes to South African debates about the developmental role of tourism, township tourism and local economic development, responsible tourism, and the related policy implications. It calls for responsible township tourism development in which local authorities play a vital role and recommends the development of township tourism attractions, with a focus on culture and heritage, to create unique visitor experiences.