国家审计独立性的技术性缺陷及改进

影响国家审计独立性的因素有很多,但往往人们只注意那些体制上的问题而忽视了一些技术上的问题,这些"软伤"同样也会影响国家审计的独立性。本文从技术角度分析了这些"软伤"对独立性的影响,并提出了改进意见。     

浅析会计师事务所审计风险控制

审计风险是会计师事务所面临的主要风险。审计客体经营的复杂性和舞弊行为、注册会计师的独立性和专业胜任能力以及会计师事务所的内部治理和质量控制都是审计风险的重要影响因素。通过对这些影响因素的详细分析,作者发现,在现有的审计技术条件下,会计师事务所要想对审计风险进行控制,应该加强注册会计师管理,建立和完善人力资源管理机制。     

浅析会计师事务所审计风险控制

审计风险是会计师事务所面临的主要风险。审计客体经营的复杂性和舞弊行为、注册会计师的独立性和专业胜任能力以及会计师事务所的内部治理和质量控制都是审计风险的重要影响因素。通过对这些影响因素的详细分析,作者发现,在现有的审计技术条件下,会计师事务所要想对审计风险进行控制,应该加强注册会计师管理,建立和完善人力资源管理机制。     

浅析会计师事务所审计风险控制

审计风险是会计师事务所面临的主要风险.审计客体经营的复杂性和舞弊行为、注册会计师的独立性和专业胜任能力以及会计师事务所的内部治理和质量控制都是审计风险的重要影响因素.通过对这些影响因素的详细分析,作者发现,在现有的审计技术条件下,会计师事务所要想对审计风险进行控制,应该加强注册会计师管理,建立和完善人力资源管理机制.     

浅议内部审计在水务建设行业风险管理中的作用及其强化

内部审计因其独立性能够对企业的运营管理进行客观公正的评估和评价,找出其中存在的重大疏漏和风险因素,督促企业进行整改和修正,从而实现对企业潜在风险的有效防控。在实务中受内部审计独立性不强以及内部审计方法单一、内容不全面等因素的局限,部分企业在风险管理中难以充分发挥内部审计对风险的防控作用。鉴于此,本文从宏观上分析了其内部审计和风险管理之间的相辅相成关系,并结合水务建设行业从微观的视角分析了内部审计对企业风险管理的主要促进作用,并在此基础上提出如何利用内部审计来强化其风险管理,以期能够为水务建设行业有效利用内部审计改善风险管理水平,实现持续稳定发展提供帮助。     

浅析我国注册会计师审计的独立性

审计独立性是注册会计师审计的灵魂,是注册会计师发表客观公正的审计意见的基本前提。只有审计具备较强的独立性,注册会计师才可能发表不偏不倚的结论和意见。文章从理论上分析了注册会计师审计的独立性,指出了影响我国审计独立性的因素,并对其影响因素进行了分析,提出了增强我国审计独立性的措施。     

基于市场角度对审计独立性缺失的分析

独立性是自审计产生之初就有的问题,并且独立性是影响审计质量的一个至关重要的因素,审计作为一种商品,又有着它自身的市场。本文基于市场的角度,从审计市场中各元素之间的关系、需求方以及供给方,对现实中独立性缺失的现象进行分析,试图找出审计独立性缺失的原因,并得出自己对改进措施的展望。     

影响审计独立牲的因素及对策

一、影响审计独立性的因素1.近年来整个社会的诚信度下降,影响了会计师事务所(审计事务所)审计执业人员的独立性。由于注册会计师和审计师是社会的一员,所以他们的行为必然受到社会的影响,于是出现个别人的职业道德下降,以经济利益换取独立性的现象。如果把审计独立性问题放在当前的社会背景下考察,它只是整个社会职业道德下降的一个缩影。审计独立性中暴露出的问题仅仅是整个社会众多诚信问题中的一个,因为它涉及的利害关系人众多,才引起人们的特别关注。2.企业内部会计环境严峻也是影响独立性的一个因素。一般来说,只有在被审单位管理当局…     

浅析信息化环境下内部审计的风险与控制

<正>随着社会的进步、科技的发展,以计算机和网络为主的现代信息技术正在改变着传统的社会经济环境,审计作为社会经济活动的一种,无可避免地受到信息技术的影响。在现代信息技术环境下,为了防范和规避内部审计风险,了解现代信息技术对内部审计风险的影响就尤其重要。一、影响内部审计风险的主要因素目前,就我国内部审计的情况看,影响风险的主要因素有以下四个方面:(一)内部审计机构缺乏独立性内部审计机构是内设机构,相比于外部审计来说,内部     

审计师变更之管理层与审计师博弈：模型与抉策

审计师的变更具有经济后果。管理当局通过变更审计师，购买有利的审计意见或是通过提出变更审计师威胁审计师的独立性，都将有损审计质量。本文通过构建管理层与审计师的博弈模型，分析可能影响其行为决策的因素，以期对我国审计师变更监管政策的制定存所帮助。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.