纳米技术在聚烯烃中的研究进展

综述了聚烯烃纳米复合材料的优点、使用价值和近年来国内外聚烯烃纳米复合材料的研究进展，并介绍了无机粒子／聚烯烃复合材料和粘土／聚烯烃复合材料，重点阐述了粘土与聚乙烯、聚丙烯纳米复合材料的制备方法及粘土／聚烯烃纳米复合材料插层热力学分析，对目前聚烯烃纳米复合材料存在问题及发展前景进行了探讨。     

Conflict in Supplier–Retailer Relationships in the Brewery Industry in Cameroon

The authors develop a theoretical framework to explain conflict in supplier–retailer relationships. In addition to traditional influence strategy variables, the framework links conflict to retailer dependence and supplier formalization. The framework is empirically tested in the Cameroonian brewery industry. The findings support the view that channel conflict is inversely related to retailer dependence and supplier formalization. Contrary to expectations, the use of noncoercive influence strategies (information exchange and recommendations) has no significant effect on conflict, while, as expected, the use of coercive influence strategies (threats and promises) increases conflict.     

Organizational cynicism in multinational corporations in China

Organizational cynicism is a pejorative attitude toward the employing organization induced by mistrust, disillusion, and various negative experiences. Based on cognitive dissonance theory we develop and test a theoretical model of how perceived cultural differences lead to organizational cynicism which in turn results in greater turnover intentions among host country nationals (HCN) employed in foreign subsidiaries of multinational corporations. Furthermore, we argue that the negative effect of perceived cultural differences can be mitigated by localization, i.e. replacement of expatriates by local staff. Survey results from HCN employees in foreign subsidiaries in China confirm the expected relationships.     

Injuries in different socio-economic groups in Finland

Introduction. Suicides are a hidden and unrecognized epidemic in the Indian region, affecting predominantly younger age groups. Information on causative risk factors and mechanisms is not available in the country, which is crucial for designing intervention programmes.

Objectives. To identify and quantify risk factors for completed suicides in the city of Bangalore.

Methods. A case–control study was conducted with the families of 269 completed suicides and 269 living controls within the broader population of the city using psychological autopsy methods.

Results. The study has shown that several factors in the areas of family, marriage, education, occupation, general health, mental health and absence of protective factors contribute significantly for suicides. The cumulative and repetitive interaction of several factors in a complex manner results in suicides. The significant factors were presence of previous suicidal attempt in self (odds ratio (OR) = 42.62), interpersonal conflicts and marital disharmony with spouse (OR = 27.98), alcoholism in self (OR = 23.38), presence of a mental illness (OR = 11.07), sudden economic bankruptcy (OR = 7.1), domestic violence (OR = 6.82) and unemployment (OR = 6.15). Individuals completing suicides did not have a positive outlook towards life, problem-solving approaches and coping skills.

Conclusion. The observed findings are at variance with suicidal causation in the West in some areas operating in a different sociocultural and economic environment. The intervention strategies should include prioritized macro and micro level efforts aimed at individual, family and society.     

夏季面粉生产中应注意的问题

简单介绍了夏季面粉生产中应注意的一些问题。     

Navigating wasta in business practices in Lebanon

Faced with severe social, political, and economic challenges, Lebanon is described as a weak state. Argued to be a key factor weakening the formal institutions there, is the prevalent practice of wasta. This article seeks to answer two questions: (1) Why is wasta prevalent in a business environment characterised by weak formal institutions, such as Lebanon? (2) How can managers navigate the use of wasta in the Lebanese business context where it prevails, avoiding its negative outcomes while utilizing its positive outcomes? Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted of managers from the Lebanese industrial sector. The findings highlight that wasta is used due to the networked nature of Lebanese society, economic hardship, widespread corruption and to maintain power. It was found that wasta could be beneficial in securing jobs, removing red tape, and gaining employment for humanitarian reasons. Finally, the negative outcomes of using wasta were found to include the employment of unqualified individuals, a reduction of organizations' productivity and a further weakening of formal institutions.     

Trends in Executive Education in Business Marketing

ABSTRACT

Business marketers in the 21st century are grappling with the harsh, tough demands of a consolidated customer base, rapid product and service commoditization, complex channel structures, and hyper-competition in a rapidly evolving, information-intensive global economy. Across the globe, firms concerned with developing managerial talent to respond to these trends are demanding and expecting changes in the executive education programs offered by business schools. We consider in this paper a number of recent trends and changes in customer expectations, program format, content development and delivery, and program marketing that we have observed in executive education in the field of business marketing.     

Golder's historical method in research in marketing

This article reviews a seminal article in the historical marketing literature — “Historical Method in Marketing Research: With New Evidence on Long-Term Market Share Stability” (Golder, 2000). The present study uses citation analysis and commentary to consider the contributions of Golder (2000) to the marketing discipline. This review explores why the article is seminal and how Golder's article influences marketing historical research. Golder's article is important for two main reasons. First for its findings, which contradict commonly held beliefs about long-term market share stability, though the relevant literature largely ignores these findings. The literature does recognize Golder's (2000) second contribution of the historical method: his article offers clear guidelines to new and emerging research in historical marketing.     

西部开发中的EPD教育问题

EPD教育是人口、环境、健康与发展教育的总称。本文重点论述了EPD教育的概念、内容和目的 ,提出在西部开发规划中 ,应同时启动EPD教育的意义 ,同时 ,对西部开发中EPD教育的可行性做了初步的分析     

河南农村金融改革初探

河南省农业现代化发展亟需金融支持,但是正规金融体系支农服务不到位、民间资本支农服务渠道不顺畅、农村资产入市缺乏盘活机制。推动农村金融改革,河南省政府应以农村产权制度改革为重点,积极推进改革试点工作,大力发展农村金融市场;完善农村金融组织体系,加快农村金融产品创新;加大金融惠农支持政策,提高农村金融服务水平;构建与河南省情相适应的多层次、多元化农村金融体系,使金融业成为推动河南农村经济发展的主要动力,实现农村金融改革的稳定有序发展。     

高校体育专业毕业生就业心理问题实证研究——以重庆市高校为例

在新的就业形势下,高校体育专业毕业生就业心理问题十分突出。相关实证研究表明,导致学生求职期间产生心理焦虑的根本原因在于学生职业理想与现实可能的矛盾冲突,而自身条件、个人理想是影响焦虑水平的首要因素。高校应通过体育专业认知教育,使学生进行准确的专业定位;构建贯穿于教学全过程的体育专业就业指导方案;扩宽专业路径,促进校企联合培养;对学生建立“学生一学校一社会”三级评级系统,帮助学生树立正确的择业观。     

Collective Entrepreneurship in a Mennonite Community in Paraguay

ABSTRACT

This article examines the impact of prevailing religious beliefs on the dominant view toward work and achievement. The focus of the article is the Menno Colony of the Chaco, one of the Mennonite communities in Paraguay. It illustrates that the values of this religious minority appear to facilitate successful collective entrepreneurship. Here, religion values asceticism, frugality, and thrift, but not private property. Entrepreneurship takes a collective form, and cooperatives are important economic vehicles that provide jobs for indigenous workers and markets for the produce of self-employed farmers. While Mennonite cooperatives are thriving here, Indian cooperatives modelled after them have not had the same levels of success.

RESUMEN. Este estudio examina el impacto producido por las creencias religiosas sobre una visión predominante hacia el trabajo y los logros. El artículo se centra en la Colonia Meno del Chaco, una de las comunidades Menonitas que existen en Paraguay. También hace hincapié en que los valores de esta minoría religiosa parecen facilitar un empresariado colectivo exitoso. En este entorno, la religión valor el ascetismo, la frugalidad y la economía pero no la propiedad privada. El emprendedorismo adquiere un modelo cooperativista y las cooperativas se convierten en importantes vehículos económicos que generan trabajo a los trabajadores indígenas, y mercados para los productos de los agricultores autónomos. Mientras las cooperativas Menonitas prosperan aquí, las cooperativas indígenas que copiaron su modelo, no han alcanzado los mismos niveles de éxito.

RESUMO. Este estudo examina o impacto das crenças religiosas predominantes sobre a maneira de encarar o trabalho e o sucesso. O artigo enfoca a Colônia Menno do Chaco, uma das comunidades menonitas do Paraguai. Mostra que os valores dessa minoria religiosa parecem facilitar o sucesso do empreendedorismo coletivo. Aqui a religião valoriza o ascetismo, frugalidade e parcimônia, mas não a propriedade privada. O empreendedorismo assume uma forma coletiva e as cooperativas são veículos econômicos importantes, proporcionando empregos para trabalhadores nativos e mercados para a produção de fazendeiros autônomos. Enquanto as cooperativas menonitas prosperam, cooperativas indígenas que seguem seu modelo não alcançaram os mesmos níveis de sucesso.     

Perspectives of Accountability in Charities in New Zealand

This study identifies three perspectives of accountability in charitable organizations: agency, stewardship, and stakeholder in relation to the availability of financial information. To examine current accountability practices, 75 interviews and informal conversations were undertaken with participants in charities in New Zealand. Many of the interviewees operated under some form of stewardship milieu. They regarded the need to discharge accountability by providing financial information as a low priority. Education may provide a way to resolve this issue by advancing stakeholders’ perspectives of accountability. This could result in reduced support for charities that do not uphold a certain standard of financial information.     

Uses of Redundancy in Print Advertisements in Nigeria

The creative repetition of the most important aspects of communications, or redundancy, is a strategy employed in the field of advertising to ensure that messages are understood and acted upon by the audience or prospects. The article shows the influence of redundancy on consumer learning. Six brand advertisements were purposively selected and analyzed for content to demonstrate the occurrence, uses, and limitations of creative repetition of messages in advertising, along with appropriate recommendations.     

HRM in Western Subsidiaries in Russia and Poland

Abstract

This study analyzes the Human Resource Management (HRM) practices in joint ventures and wholly-owned subsidiaries of Western MNCs located in Russia and Poland. Different hypotheses are developed, testing whether or not MNCs are more likely to implement standardized practices in Poland and Russia. The effects on HRM practices of MNC equity share, non-financial resources provided by MNCs to the focal unit, and mode of establishment of the foreign unit are also investigated. Implications for future research and managers are discussed.     

Refuting fear in heuristics and in recycling promotion

This paper deals with emotions in order to demonstrate that recycling behavior is associated more with positive emotions than with cognitions. The resulting model displays a marked contrast to the classic cognitive paradigm in the sense that this perspective highlights the idea that consumers act on the basis of their affective reactions, with cognitive factors playing a minor role. In addition, showing alternative routes to achieve both recycling involvement and behavior depending on both the emotional and cognitive characteristics of individuals within the hedonic process.     

Human Resource Issues in American Firms in China

ABSTRACT

A survey of human resource practices in American firms-both wholly-owned and joint ventures-in China indicate that these practices tend to change over time as the firm gains experience in the local environment. The types of benefits offered to employees vary by the size of the firm and the length of time the firm has been functioning in China. Human resource practices also differ between wholly-owned firms and joint ventures. Statistical analysis indicates that certain practices are more likely to positively impact on the enterprises' productivity, profitability, strategic goals. The implications of the study for managers in the context of a rapidly changing business environment are discussed.     

Price Differences in Consumer Goods in Retail Markets

Abstract

This study analyses the effects that competition causes on the dispersion of prices in the mass market products. Therefore, a model is proposed that integrates the vertical, spatial and market environment factors that make up the competitive structure of the retail trade distribution sector. The results obtained, after processing a database of more than 19,000 records, indicate that various indicators of these three levels of competition exercise a decisive influence on determining the final prices of the analysed products. Likewise, the research allows verifying that there are significant differences in the effect caused by the analysed factors on the dispersion of prices, thereby depending on the considered product category (packaged goods versus fresh food).     

Food appearances in children's television programmes in Sweden

Studying other television content than advertisements is necessary to better understand the association between TV viewing and dietary habits. The aim of this study was to examine the nature and extent of verbal and visual appearance of food and beverage in children's programmes in Swedish public service television. The study object was the most popular children's TV programme in Sweden, broadcast by commercial‐free public service television channel and watched almost daily by 45% of children under the age of 10 years. The analysed material consisted of 25 h, broadcast at 21 occasions over almost a 5‐month period of the most popular TV viewing season. All appearances and type of food and beverages were coded as well as the context in which the foods were discussed or appeared. Chi‐square tests were performed to analyse if the occurrence of fruits and vegetables and high‐calorie and low‐nutrient (HCLN) foods respectively were associated with the context where food appeared. Mann‐Whitney test was used to compare the representation of the two food groups in terms of degree of propensity to be consumed. Of the 287 programme sections, food or beverage appeared in 78%. Of the food appearances (n = 773), HCLN foods constituted 19%, and fruits and vegetables 39%. More than half of the HCLN food appearances are with children, while only one third of the fruits and vegetables are shown with children. HCLN foods were more often shown being consumed or actively handled, than fruits and vegetables. Food and beverages appear frequently in children's programmes in Swedish public service television. HCLN foods seem to be represented as more attractive, by to a greater extent appearing consumed or actively handled in comparison with other foods. These foods were also frequently shown together with children while fruits and vegetables more frequently appeared with adults than children.