中国与尼日利亚贸易互补性分析

自进入21世纪以来,中国和尼日利亚之间的经贸关系得到了快速发展,中尼作为两个发展中大国,均拥有巨大的市场潜力,对两国的经贸现状和潜力进行研究分析具有重要的现实意义.本文运用贸易结合度指数、显示性比较优势指数以及贸易互补性指数对中尼两国的贸易现状进行了分析.结果显示,中尼两国的出口产品可以优势互补,两国间的贸易具有较强的互补性且互补性在不断增强,两国贸易发展潜力巨大.     

中美农业贸易的互补性研究

采用贸易结合度指数(TCD)、出口相似度指数(SI)和贸易互补性指数(TCI)等模型,根据联合国粮农组织(FAO)、美国FAS-Online和中国海关数据库的数据,对中美两国16种主要出口农产品的互补性进行了定量分析。结果显示:(1)中美两国农业贸易依存度逐步提高,美国对中国的依赖程度高于中国对美国的依赖程度。(2)中美两国农业贸易具有良好的互补性,中国入世后两国农业贸易互补性增强。基于上述研究结论,提出了互利双赢的政策建议。     

中俄贸易多维度互补性实证问题分析

建立多维度分析体系,对中俄贸易互补性进行实证分析,对于发展中俄贸易具有重要意义。运用对外贸易依存度、显性比较优势指数、贸易互补性指数从横向分析中俄贸易互补性,得到两国互补性强的结论,不同产业间贸易发达,但产业内贸易水平较低;再运用产业内贸易指数,实证验证两国的产业内贸易水平,得到中国产业内贸易有待加强的结论。     

中日贸易互补性研究

中日双边贸易关系是中日关系重要的组成部分,分析两国的贸易互补性,对两国经济政治决策有一定的现实意义。通过对2000—2012年中日两国商品的贸易互补性指数进行测算,分析得出,中日两国商品的比较优势差异明显,具有互补性,中日贸易商品结构基本完成动态调整。     

中国与泰国服务贸易竞争性与互补性分析

中泰两国一直保持着稳定健康持续的经贸关系.随着中国—东盟自由贸易区《服务贸易协议》的实施,中国与泰国在服务贸易领域面临更大的发展潜力和机会.对两国服务贸易竞争性与互补性进行比较和分析,可以为更好地把握与泰国服务贸易的重点和方向提供借鉴.本文运用显示性比较优势指数(RCA)、出口相似度指数、贸易互补性指数等对我国与泰国服务贸易的竞争性和互补性进行了分析,并根据分析的结论,针对性地提出了我国与泰国进行服务贸易的对策建议.     

中国与南非的经贸关系及发展前景——基于贸易互补性和竞争性的实证分析北大核心CSSCISSCI

本文运用CS、CC和出口相似度等贸易指数研究了中国和南非的贸易竞争性和互补性,发现两国贸易在总体上互补性要大于竞争性,这为两国建立更密切的经贸关系提供了经济动力,而金砖国家合作机制的深化为中国和南非的经贸关系发展提供了制度保障,中国和南非的经贸关系有良好的发展前景。     

中国与南非的经贸关系及发展前景——基于贸易互补性和竞争性的实证分析

本文运用CS、CC和出口相似度等贸易指数研究了中国和南非的贸易竞争性和互补性,发现两国贸易在总体上互补性要大于竞争性,这为两国建立更密切的经贸关系提供了经济动力,而金砖国家合作机制的深化为中国和南非的经贸关系发展提供了制度保障,中国和南非的经贸关系有良好的发展前景。     

中日农产品贸易发展动态与互补性分析

本文选取1990-2012年UN Comtrade贸易数据为样本,采用贸易强度指数、贸易互补指数、贸易专业化指数等指标,对中日农产品贸易强度和贸易互补性进行分析,发现两国农产品贸易联系紧密,中国在日本农产品贸易出口中的地位更加显著;较强互补关系主要由个别农产品所致;产业间贸易占主导地位,产业内贸易水平较低。本文认为,尽管日本对部分农产品设置了非常高的关税壁垒,但中日农产品的贸易联系仍然紧密,今后中日两国应加强农业合作和相互投资,扩大互补性农产品出口,提高双边农产品贸易的可持续性。     

中国(新疆)与印度区域产业合作前景研究

中国新疆与印度在经济发展水平、产业结构演化及自然资源禀赋上的差异,导致各产业发展水平不同,同时也造就了两个经济体各自的优势产业.本文利用产业结构相似度指数、贸易互补性指数及贸易结合度等综合分析双边的互补性产业,并为双边贸易的开展和实现互利共赢提出了相关对策建议.     

中泰水果贸易互补性研究

2003年6月中国与泰国签署了《中国—东盟全面经济合作框架协议》"早期收获"方案下加速取消关税的协议。该协议规定自当年10月起,中泰两国的蔬果产品取消关税。泰国成为中国在中国—东盟自由贸易区框架下的第一个实行水果产品零关税的国家。而在中国与泰国的水果贸易中,双方都拥有自身的优势产品,通过对RCA指数和贸易互补性的指数的测量来具体分析中国与泰国水果贸易中的贸易互补性问题。     

China’s rise,asymmetric trade shocks and exchange rate regimes

China’s rapid growth provides a natural experiment to study the effects of asymmetric trade shocks on the competitiveness of OECD countries. The different levels of exposure to Chinese trade competition, as measured using an index of export similarity, triggered asymmetric shocks as China’s trade surged. Motivated by a Ricardian framework, this paper finds that countries with exports similar to those of China experience a loss in competitiveness compared with countries with a different trade structure. Once an additional layer of distinction is introduced between fixed and flexible exchange rate regimes, I find that countries with a fixed exchange rate and with relatively high similarity to China experience a real appreciation.     

Trade liberalization and institutional reforms1

The accession of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries to the European Union (EU) is expected to lead to the new member countries becoming more like the older members, including in terms of trade. In this paper, we focus on two factors promoting CEE–EU trade integration: trade liberalization and institutional reforms. Measures of trade liberalization undertaken by both parties during the 1990s were very substantial, but did not always produce the expected upsurge of regional trade flows. Much less progress has been made in improving the functioning of CEE institutions (e.g., progress in the privatization process or in reducing corruption). Countries where most important changes at the institutional level occurred were also those that most increased their trade with the EU. Comparing the impact of these two factors, we find that improving institutions in CEE countries can generate as much trade as the removal of all tariff and non‐tariff barriers. The paper also addresses the issue of the presence of reversed causality between trade and institutions, and the pro‐trade effect of institutional similarity.     

Bringing geography into the analysis of trade competition

Trade competition between two countries is usually measured through structural similarity indicators (e.g., Krugman Specialization Index). We contribute to the area of research that focuses on how to measure trade competition between two countries by proposing an indicator that simultaneously accounts for structural and geographical similarity (i.e., similarity in sectoral weights for each market and weights of destination markets). We perform an empirical analysis considering the exports from the 28 EU countries to more than 120 markets. The importance of the geographical dimension is confirmed, highlighting that applied studies may produce inaccurate conclusions when this dimension is excluded.     

Determinants of International Trade Flows in Travel and Passenger Services*

In the past decade there has been a great increase in interest in trade in services. This paper estimates the determinants of trade flows for two service industries, travel and passenger transportation services, for 16 OECD countries Traditional and more recent models of import demand and demand for export functions are utilized The empirical results indicate similarity between trade in goods and trade in services. Price competitiveness is an important factor in determining the trade flows in travel services and like trade in manufactured goods, exchange rate variations have some influence on the volume of travel and passenger transportation services     

世界高技术产品贸易格局及中国的贸易地位分析

为了解世界各国高技术产品贸易的真实地位,推动中国高技术产品贸易发展,文章基于2000-2016年82个高技术产品主要贸易国家的双边贸易数据,运用社会网络分析方法分析世界高技术产品贸易网络特征及中国的贸易地位。研究发现,中心度指数体现了包括中国在内的48个国家和地区拥有密切的贸易往来关系;点强度指数体现了贸易强度排名靠前的国家相对稳定,各国差距不断缩小;结构洞指数体现了各国间贸易关系的多元性即网络异质性不断变化。中国虽然具有较密切的贸易关系和较高的贸易强度,但是其贸易网络分布较为集中,网络异质性依然有待提高。为应对贸易摩擦,提高高技术产品贸易地位,中国应注重优化贸易结构、加强自主创新能力以及创新合作水平,从而降低贸易风险、提高产品质量和优化贸易环境。     

Heckscher-Ohlin Theory or the Modern Trade Theory: How the Overall Trade Characterizes at the Global Level?

This paper has two objectives: to locate the global trade pattern and to compute the export potential of world economies. Considering the maximum number of countries and maintaining a good representative sample of the overall international trade, an empirical examination is conducted by utilizing the trade complementary index and the per-capita income variable in the standard gravity model. The main aim is to determine which of the two theoretical frameworks―either the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, which is based on factor endowments or the Modern Trade theory of Krugman-Helpman and Linder, based on the intra-industry trade―is explaining the overall global trade flows. The estimated results support the factor endowments trade theory. In other words, the observed trade patterns conform to the Heckscher-Ohlin theory of trade over intra-industry Modern trade theories. The inference drawn is based on the significantly positive coefficient of the trade complementarity index and the absolute differenced PCI variable. Furthermore, as far as export potential is concerned, there exists a vast scope for the export potential across economies. These countries can exploit the existing export potential through trade cooperation and integration at the regional and the bilateral level.

     

Adjustment costs and factor demands in Canadian manufacturing industries

This paper examines whether there is a relationship between the commodity terms of trade (the price of primary commodities relative to the price of manufactures) and the net barter terms of trade of 42 Sub-Saharan African countries. For most countries, there is little evidence of a stable, long-run relationship between the two terms of trade series. Accordingly, the practice in the literature of proxying for movements in any given country's terms of trade by using an aggregate index of relative commodity prices is inappropriate, and is likely to engender misleading policy conclusions.     

中国与中亚国家农产品贸易互补性的实证分析

首先运用比较优势指数对中国农产品出口中亚国家的情况进行分析,得出中国农产品总体在中亚国家不具有比较优势,但出口中亚国家的一些主要农产品具有一定的比较优势。然后,运用贸易互补性指数和贸易结合度模型,对中国农产品出口中亚国家与中亚国家进口的双边农产品贸易进行分析,得出中国与中亚国家总体农产品贸易互补性较低,但在主要农产品贸易中互补性较强且贸易结合度紧密的结论。     

Economic Performance, Trade Restrictiveness, and Efficiency

The paper addresses the question of whether trade restrictiveness impacts economic performance, via a trade restrictiveness index that is decomposable into a trade distortion and a domestic distortion component. The paper builds on the Anderson and Neary price index measure of trade distortion, in evaluating trade restrictiveness via a distance function approach. This is accomplished by adding a “dual” version to their trade restrictiveness price index, based on distance functions that scale output quantities. The authors compute the trade restrictiveness quantity index (TRQI) using a parametric frontier approach to model the production side of the economy, and a panel of information on the agricultural sector of a set of European Community countries. The results suggest that the use of TRQI makes a considerable difference to interpretations of the efficiency impact of agricultural trade policies in EC countries, as compared to policy‐oriented aggregates or result‐oriented measures of trade restrictiveness.     

Does the Linder effect hold for differentiated agri-food and beverage product trade?

Using a generalized gravity equation, this study tests for the Linder effect in differentiated agri-food product trade, i.e. as the demand structures of two countries become more similar, their trade intensity increases. Two proxies of demand structure, the Balassa index and the absolute value of the difference in per capita Gross Domestic Products (GDPs) of trading partners, are used to capture the Linder effect. In addition, two measures of bilateral trade, the Grubel and Lloyd (GL) index, and the value of bilateral trade are used as the dependent variable. This study investigates the role of the Linder effect in explaining the trade of 37 differentiated agri-food and beverage products categorized into eight product groups: cereals, fresh fish, frozen fish, vegetables, fresh fruit, processed fruit, tea and coffee and alcoholic beverages. The data covers trade across 52 developed and developing countries from 1990 to 2000. The type of proxy used for the Linder effect and the way in which bilateral trade is measured influence the outcome of the statistical tests for the Linder effect. The Linder effect for cereals, frozen fish, vegetables, processed fruits and tea and coffee, using the value of trade as the dependent variable, is often accepted, but it is generally rejected when the GL index is used as the measure of trade intensity. In brief, the results do not provide strong support for the Linder effect in the trade of differentiated agri-food products.