推行绿色GDP核算的障碍及对策

传统GDP核算备受诟病,实施绿色GDP核算的呼声日益高涨,但绿色GDP核算一直没有得以广泛推行,原因何在？本文试图从理论和实践两方面对绿色GDP核算推行的障碍进行分析,并提出推行绿色GDP核算的对策和建议。     

绿色GDP核算初探

分析了传统GDP指标的缺陷，论述了绿色GDP的具体核算内容、核算体系和核算办法．分析了目前开展绿色GDP核算的难点，指出了绿色GDP存在的局限性。     

2002～2004年基于森林的绿色GDP核算研究相关文献综述

通过回顾近3年基于森林绿色GDP核算的相关文献,发现这一领域的研究尚存在若干缺陷,如区域森林资源价值核算的可比性问题、森林资源价值纳入GDP核算的难点问题、SEEA在我国的具体应用。基于森林会计、专业统计与绿色GDP核算的统一问题,人力资本、社会资本纳入绿色GDP核算问题,以及绿色林业政策问题将是该领域未来的主要研究方向。     

绿色GDP核算初探

分析了传统GDP指标的缺陷,论述了绿色GDP的具体核算内容、核算体系和核算办法,分析了目前开展绿色GDP核算的难点,指出了绿色GDP存在的局限性。     

森林资源价值核算中重复计算的经济学讨论

森林资源价值核算是国内林业经济学界重要的研究领域之一,但有些核算结果言过其实,得不到社会的广泛认同。理论上的原因在于,现有核算所依据的经济学基础庞杂而混乱,导致了大量的重复计算。从混淆成本与收益、功能与效益、总收益与边际收益、中间产品与最终产品、直接收益与间接收益等8个方面揭示导致重复计算的理论误区,并提出基于森林的绿色GDP核算中应注意的问题。     

浅谈绿色GDP核算

在可持续发展理论、生态经济理论大受推崇的大背景下,绿色GDP核算受到学术界广泛关注。本文以传统GDP的局限性为基础谈起,引入绿色GDP的概念,尽而提出一些发展中可能存在的问题和几点建议。     

绿色GDP与山西经济发展

本文论述了三个问题:一,什么是绿色GDP ?二,怎样核算绿色GDP ?三,“绿化”山西经济发展的对策建议。     

关于绿色国民经济核算体系的思考

随着环境问题的突出,现行国民经济核算体制存在很大的弊端,要求建立绿色国民核算体系的呼声越来越高。绿色GDP核算是1993联合国经济和社会事务部统计处在修订国民经济核算体系时,根据社会统计可持续发展观理论提出的新的核算概念。本文对现行国民核算体系的缺陷作了分析,简述了绿色国民核算体系的发展现状,指出了制约绿色国民经济核算发展的因素,提出了我国绿色国民经济核算体系发展的建议。     

关于林业会计核算体系的思考

林业的效益情况通过林业会计核算可以很好地被反映出来,但是,目前林业会计核算还存在着很多的问题。本文着眼于完善林业会计的核算,分析目前林业会计核算中存在的问题及弊端,提出完善林业核算体系的建议及措施,从而促进林业企业发展。     

我国自然资源消耗与绿色GDP核算

资源供给是经济社会发展的重要保障。建国以来,我国经济增长付出的资源消耗代价巨大,主要表现在自然资源消耗速度过快、消耗量过大,自然资源利用效率较低,利用结构不尽合理,自然资源过度消耗引发了严重的环境问题。我国在21世纪前期自然资源供需形势十分严峻。构建绿色GDP核算体系,是促进自然资源的合理开发利用在制度创新方面的切入点,当前绿色GDP核算体系的理论研究和实践已有一定进展,要进一步采取有力措施,须尽快建立绿色GDP核算体系。     

The impacts of climate change on Australia and New Zealand: a Gross Cell Product analysis by land cover*

This paper examines the newly constructed geographically scaled economic output measure, Gross Cell Product (GCP), of Australia and New Zealand to quantify the impacts of climate change in the region. The paper discusses advantages of using the GCP instead of the Gross Domestic Product. The paper reveals that the GCP falls sharply as temperature increases in the region. A 1°C increase in temperature would decrease the productivity with an elasticity of ?2.4. A 1 per cent decrease in precipitation would decrease productivity with an elasticity of ?2.3. However, forest vegetation on the coasts will benefit from initial warming. We find that the changes in climate means are potentially more harmful than changes in climate variability. In the long term, a 3.4° warming coupled with 6.6 mm decrease in rainfall would decrease the GCP by 34 per cent by 2060. The damage is largely accounted for by population effects. The paper confirms that Australia is highly constrained by climate and geographic factors.     

城市绿地的经济效益分析与评价

通过环境经济学原理,分析了城市绿地的经济效益可计量性,并开展城市绿地生态效益和社会效益的货币化计量分析,提出城市绿地经济价值评价和成本—效益分析是辅助决策的重要手段。     

退耕农户长期生计分析

以陕西、青海两省4个县15个村400个退耕农户为研究对象,通过20年的成本效益分析,探讨了退耕还林对农户生计的长期影响,预测了退耕后林草产品的产出、价格和农产品产量,分析了样本农户退耕前后在土地利用、种植结构、收入和成本结构等方面的变化,对林草产品价格、退耕补助、毁林复耕等因素进行了敏感性分析。结果表明:在预测的价格和产出水平上,退耕提高了样本农户的收入水平。从长期看,退耕农户面临自然、技术和市场风险。要实现中国政府的生态建设目标,决策者应关注退耕农户尤其是退耕地比例高的农户的长期生计。     

Is agriculture the engine of growth?

We seek to address formally the question raised by Gardner (2003) in his Elmhirst lecture as to the direction of causality between agricultural value added per worker and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. Using the Granger causality test in the panel data analyzed by Gardner for 85 countries, we find overwhelming evidence that supports the conclusion that agricultural value added is the causal variable in developing countries, while the direction of causality in developed countries is unclear. We also examine further the use of the Granger causality test in integrated data and provide evidence that the performance of the test can be increased in small samples through the use of the bootstrap.     

基于灰色关联的中国林化产品国际竞争力影响因素分析

采用GR模型对1998～2007年影响中国林化产品国际竞争力的11个主要因素进行实证分析,发现出口均价为中国林化产品国际竞争力的最主要影响因素,总产值、中间投入、单位数和产量等因素与中国林化产品国际竞争力的关联度也较大,提高林化产品生产技术水平及出口均价、培育高级生产要素、扩大林化企业规模及产能、增加资本投入等战略措施的实施最有利于中国林化产品国际竞争力提升。     

Potential impact of a Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership on the global forest sector

The effects of a transatlantic trade agreement on the global forest sector were assessed with the Global Forest Products Model, conditional on previous macroeconomic impacts predicted with a general equilibrium model. Comprehensive tariff elimination per se had little effect on the forest sector. However, with deeper reforms and integration consumption would increase twice as much in percent in the US as in the EU. Net trade decreased in the US more than in the EU while it increased in Asia. Consumers and producers’ welfare increased by $7000 million in the EU and $14,000 million in the US, but decreased in some third countries, especially in Asia.     

The productivity of agricultural credit in India

This study examines the nature of the relationship between formal agricultural credit and agricultural Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in India, specifically the role of the former in supporting agricultural growth, using state level panel data covering the period 1995–1996 to 2011–2012. The study uses a mediation analysis framework to map the pathways through which institutional credit relates to agricultural GDP relying on a control function approach to tackle the problem of endogeneity. The findings from the analysis suggest that over this period, all the inputs are highly responsive to an increase in institutional credit to agriculture. A 10% increase in credit flow in nominal terms leads to an increase by 1.7% in fertilizers (N, P, K) consumption in physical quantities, 5.1% increase in the tonnes of pesticides, 10.8% increase in tractor purchases. Overall, it seems quite clear that input use is sensitive to credit flow, whereas GDP of agriculture is not. Credit seems therefore to be an enabling input, but one whose effectiveness is undermined by low technical efficiency and productivity.     

中原城市群森林生态系统的恢复与重建研究

通过对历史时期中原城市群森林生态变迁的研究,阐明了森林生态系统恢复与重建是中原城市群可持续发展的历史选择,认为应通过加强天然林保护工程、退耕还林工程与区域内自然保护区的建设,积极保护扩大森林资源,促进生态功能恢复;在此基础上论述了森林生态系统的恢复与重建和区域经济文化发展的关系。     

国内外绿色食品研究的知识图谱分析

通过运用文献计量软件CiteSpace,以中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)和Web of Science数据库中的绿色食品文献为研究对象,通过对研究机构、关键词共现和关键词突现的分析,总结1990—2020年国内外绿色食品研究的总体特征.结果表明:① ...     

把握重点 乘势而上 山西林业进入又好又快发展新阶段

山西省遵循科学发展思路,推进"身边增绿"工程发展,开创了集体林权制度改革新局面,森林资源保护方面取得新进展。为确保林业良好发展态势,还采取了党政领导高层推动、增加林业投资、创新运行机制、注重科技贡献、提升服务水平等措施,促进山西林业又好又快发展。