论加大财政对社会保障的投入是构建和谐社会的基础

人权中最首要的、最基础的是生存权.加大财政对社会保障的投入,使社会保障有坚强稳定的资金支持,有利于从根本上维护我国公民的基本生存权,从而为我国的人权事业和构建和谐社会提供经济和制度保障.     

中国语境下社会保障的分裂、失衡与再融合——一种人权的视角

建国六十年来，我国社会保障制度经历了分裂、失衡与再融合的发展轨迹。从人权的视角观察，作为人权体系重要组成部分的社会保障权，其内涵与保障方式的变迁正是中国人权事业发展的一个缩影。     

城乡一体化的社会保障体系建设的理论支持

保障公民的基本生活。是社会稳定和经济发展的前提。也是社会保障最核心的功能。国家建立社会保障体系，保障公民的基本生活，免除劳动者的后顾之忧，不仅是经济发展和社会稳定的需要，也是人权保障的重要内容，是社会进步的体现。     

欠发达地区失地农民的人权保障

人权入宪,使得我国宪法的人权保障体系更加完善。土地被征收以后,农民面临着许多转变,许多人是失去土地的农民,又是缺乏社会保障的市民。在城市化的进程中,失地农民的人权保障则是建立和谐社会的重要内容。     

全面建设小康社会与发展农村社会保障的关系研究

全面建设小康社会要以农民生活水平提高为基础，建立健全农村社会保障制度是重要前提之一。农村社会保障制度建设要体现公平性原则，保障基本人权是基本价值理念和政策取向。要顺应经济结构调整和城市化趋势，在制度创新中实现城乡互动。为农民工提供与城镇居民一样的社会保障保护，尽快建立健全农村土地产权交易合法化。政府要增加投入，提供良好服务，使农村社会保障制度不断完善。     

加强社会保障基金管理的对策

从我国社会主义初级阶段的国情出发，适应建立社会主义市场经济体制和渡过未来人口老龄化高峰的需要，根据十五大提出的“建立社会保障体系，实行社会统筹与个人帐户相结合的养老、医疗保险制度，提供最基本的社会保障”的总要求，加强社会保障基金的管理，将是完善我国社会保障制度的关键。     

社会保障:权利还是恩赐 --从历史角度的分析

在现代社会保障制度建立之前，慈善团体本着人道主义精神承担了对穷人的救助，是对穷人的施舍和恩赐。《济贪法》的颁布标志着政府开始介入社会保障，穷人开始把接受救助看成权利。但是在社会保障制度建立之初，人道观被削弱了，政府更多地考虑政治，经济和道德因素，对穷人的救助附加价值取向和苛刻条件，得到救助的穷人不得不丧失尊严和人格。我国在实施最低生活保障制度的过程中，较多考虑经济和道德因素，设置不合理条件把一部分穷人排除在制度保障之外，这种做法不符合社会救助理念，与人权观念相背离，是忽视穷人权利和推卸政府责任的一种表现。     

我国开征社会保障税的研究

社会保障税是西方现代社会保障制度最有效的筹资工具,然而,我国的社会保障基金仍以缴费的形式筹集,社会保障税迟迟没有开征。本文在论述我国现行社会保障制度的一些缺陷的基础上,从理论和现实相结合的角度出发,分析了我国开征社会保障税的必要性和可行性。     

维护农民社会保障权的法治路径

社会保障权是指社会成员在满足一定条件下,有从国家和社会获得经济保障和物质帮助,以维持一定生活水平需要的法律权利。社会保障是人类生存和发展的共同需要,是保障公民充分享受政治、经济和文化生活,获得主体自我发展的物质基础。社会保障制度对于维护弱势群体最基本的生存权利具有基础性意义。然而，我国农民社会保障待遇水平低，农民的社会保障未全面覆盖，绝大多数农民不能享受社会保障待遇。农民的社会保障权得不到充分实现，这已经成为和谐社会不和谐的音符。     

加快社会保障立法建立有中国特色的社会保障制度

社会保障作为一项重要的法律制度，对于保障人民生活，维护社会安定，促进国企改革，加快劳动力合理流动和启动消费有着深远的意义。它体现了社会发展和社会进步，是现代国家明的重要标志。而我国现行的社会保障制度是计划经济的产物，在过去的几十年里曾起过积极的作用。但随着市场经济的发展，其弊端日渐显现，已成为我国经济社会发展的“瓶颈”。在我国的法律体系中，社会保障立法无是最薄弱的环节，亟须通过立法建立适应市场经济要求的、有中国特色的现代社会保障制度。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.