试论提高大学生就业能力

就业能力是影响大学生就业的重要因素,当前部分大学生就业能力不强,主要表现为知识结构不合理、实践能力较差、应聘能力不强,原因有社会因素、教育因素和个人因素。要提高大学生就业能力,应以社会需求为导向、职业生涯规划为基础、社会实践为平台、职前培训为辅助、就业心理辅导为保证。     

低碳城镇化对就业的促进作用及保障体系构建

增强人的生存和发展能力,促进人的全面发展是以人为核心的中国新型城镇化建设的终极目标,实现这个目标的前提就是要保障和实现充分就业。低碳城镇化是新型城镇化的重要内容和必由之路,低碳城镇化对就业的保障应该更具公平性并且按照就近原则来推进。文章认为,在低碳城镇化建设过程中,要促进就业增长和提升就业质量,必须优化产业布局、产业结构与发展模式,扩大就业空间;建立健全劳动力教育培训制度,培养适应低碳产业发展需求的劳动者,提高劳动者就业竞争力;推进城乡劳动力市场一体化建设,提高人力资源利用效率,增强社会就业公平性。     

求职行为在大学生就业能力与求职结果之间的中介关系研究

通过对2570名高校毕业生的实证研究，考察了大学生就业能力与求职行为及求职结果之间的关系，并构建了三者之间复杂的结构模型。通过模型比较，得出结论：大学生就业能力既可以直接影响求职结果，也可以通过影响求职行为进而影响求职结果，即求职行为在大学生就业能力与求职结果之间充当部分中介关系。     

新生代技术工人何以铿锵有力？——可雇佣能力对其角色外绩效的影响

新生代技术工人是中国先进制造业领域的中坚力量。基于社会认知理论,以新生代技术工人为研究对象,探究其可雇佣能力与组织公民行为之间的关系。研究发现：新生代技术工人的可雇佣能力对组织公民行为有显著正向影响;工作投入调节可雇佣能力与OCB-I之间的关系,即当新生代技术工人的工作投入越高时,可雇佣能力与OCB-I的正向关系越强;工作投入不能显著调节可雇佣能力与OCB-O的关系。     

试论高职计算机应用专业人才培养方案

人才培养方案是人才培养目标、基本规格以及培养过程和方式的总体设计,是学校保证教学质量的基本教学文件。文章结合学院教学实践,就高职计算机应用专业人才培养方案的制订,从指导思想、培养目标、职业面向、职业岗位能力分析、课程设置等方面进行了阐述,是对“2+1”教学模式的有益探索。     

商务酒店员工培训探讨

近年来我国商务旅游蓬勃发展,有必要针对商务旅游者的消费特点及对员工的要求,探讨商务酒店员工培训模式。商务酒店员工培训体系包括素质能力培训、岗位技能培训、行业知识、软技能培训,应该逐步完善员工培训保障体系,以提高商务酒店的服务质量及客人满意度,增强商务酒店的竞争优势。     

大学生就业能力的实证研究

文章从大学生就业能力相对不足出发,在对国内外关于大学生就业能力概念及结构相关文献研究的基础上,以北京某大学毕业生为样本,运用定量与定性相结合的方法,展开对大学生就业能力的实证研究。研究分为两部分：研究一通过开放式问卷调查、专家意见法构建大学生就业能力结构的理论模型,在此基础上编制大学生就业能力调查问卷,运用SPSS软件采取因子分析方法得出大学生就业能力结构模型;研究二运用行为事件访谈法对大学毕业生进行访谈,得到访谈资料后,运用NVivo软件将大学生就业能力结构模型扩展为包括八个维度的大学生就业能力素质模型,并得出各个维度下的各项素质指标,以及各个维度的高效行为表现。从而,分别从大学毕业生、用人单位、高校三个角度为其今后的求职、聘用、学生培养等工作提供了依据。     

Changes in the stock of on-the-job training,race, and wage growth

This article analyzes the rate of return to on-the-job-training (OJT) investment and in particular, the different rates of return faced by whites and nonwhites. Using data from thePanel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) on tenure on a particular job and on the amount of time necessary for the average person to become fully trained on that job, I estimate the amount of training (in months) acquired by each individual on each job held. Log wage growth is then regressed on changes in the stock of training the individual held with the current firm. In one specification, changes in the stock of training are interacted with race dummies. The results suggest that the rate of return to an additional month of training is actually higher for nonwhites than for whites.     

EFFECT OF IT JOB TRAINING ON EMPLOYMENT AND WAGE PREMIUM: EVIDENCE FROM KOREA PANEL DATA

In this paper, we examine whether IT job training raises the probability of getting employed and enables the trainee to obtain a high wage. In this paper, it is reported that, in the Republic of Korea, IT job training as a whole affects not only employment but also wage premium, even though the effect on wage premium is somewhat less conspicuous. In particular, the intensity of IT job training is more instrumental in the opportunity of getting employed than simply whether receiving IT job training or not. This effect is intensified in the low‐education group. In this group, the probability for the persons who undergo IT job training for more than six months of getting employed is higher than that for a person without any job training. Additionally, provision of IT job training by a private institute and cost sharing with the government enhances the opportunity of employment.     

加强高校"推优"学生团员教育培养的思考

“推优”是党团工作的重要内容,对推优学生团员开展教育培养工作更是高校党建的一项基础性工作,也是高校教育的重要组成部分。加强、创新推优学生团员的教育与培养,是保证高校学生党员发展质量的关键,对增强党团组织的凝聚力和战斗力具有十分重要的意义。     

产业转型升级视角下西藏农牧民工转移就业能力提升的现状分析与实现路径

新发展阶段背景下,研究如何提升西藏农牧民工转移就业能力对于加强供给侧结构性改革,推动西藏产业结构转型升级,逐步缩小与内地发展差距,具有较强的现实意义。本文在对西藏农牧民工就业能力提升与产业发展关联性进行分析的基础上,进一步厘清农牧民工转移就业能力与西藏产业转型升级的差距,提出产业转型升级视角下西藏农牧民工转移就业能力提升模式:构建技能形成体系,加强西藏产业工人培育;完善公共就业服务体系,护航农牧民工的择业就业;增强企业主体意识,推动农牧民工培训的供给侧改革;加大政策宣传力度,逐步完善政策支持体系;健全转移就业法律制度,提升农牧民工法律素养。     

Tax policy in a matching model with training

This paper develops a model of search on the labour market withtraining. We explore how the combination of an average job taxand a marginal wage tax can be used to alleviate inefficienciesin job matching and, at the same time, raise a positive revenuewith minimal distortions in search and training. We find that(i) a wage tax is less distortionary to raise revenue than isa job tax if training is not distorted initially; (ii) thisconclusion may reverse in the presence of training distortions;(iii) marginal wage taxes are less distortionary in economieswhere bargaining parties can commit to the wage profile.     

Organization adjustments,job training and productivity: Evidence from Japanese automobile makers

This paper considers the demand for job training and its interaction with organization adjustments through rotation within a team and relocation across teams in response to demand and supply shocks. We employ original survey data from two Japanese automobile makers. The analysis includes estimations of determinants of on-the-job training, and of how much such training contributes to improvements in individual productivity. We also investigate effects of the characteristics of workplace practices, including the behavior of foremen as well as assemblers, on the incentives for individual assemblers to seek job training and productivity improvements.     

Return on Investment from Training Programs and Intensive Services

This study includes the likelihood of finding a job and retaining employment as well as eligibility for unemployment benefits to estimate the return on investment (ROI) for both job training and intensive services programs. The augmented ROI for job training programs and intensive job services from California One-Stop Centers are positive. This suggests that these programs do provide benefits. The estimated augmented ROI for individuals enrolled in job training programs and intensive job services are similar. In contrast, traditional approaches that omit important employment characteristics significantly overestimate the ROI. Monte Carlo simulations show that changing program costs affect the augmented ROI for training programs but have minimal impact on the augmented ROI for intensive services.     

教育在社会养老服务体系中的担当

在社会养老服务体系建设中,教育能使全社会树立起正确的养老观,能引起社会各界对养老工作的重视,能培养社会养老服务体系所需的各类人才。目前教育在社会养老服务体系中的缺位应当引起重视。当前迫切需要加强养老教育,为此要做好顶层设计,明确培养目标,探索实现路径,提供条件保障。     

A Direct Route to Full Employment

This article proposes the formation of a National Investment Employment Corps to provide a job guarantee for all citizens and to perform the work necessary to maintain and expand the nation’s physical and human infrastructure. The permanent establishment of the National Investment Employment Corps coupled with the federal job guarantee not only would address the employment needs created by the current economic crisis but would yield enduring benefits to national well being. Moreover, it would provide a direct mechanism for producing continuous full employment in the US economy.     

对高职报关与国际货运专业学生知识、素质和能力的调查与提升途径探析

近年来,我国对外贸易呈现良好的增长态势,外贸人才需求增加.通过对高职院校报关与国际货运专业学生以及相关企业的调查,对学生的专业认知、自我认知、学校教学和企业人才需求情况做了分析,从而提出了提升学生知识、素质和能力的途径,以期为学校加强培养针对性和增强学生就业能力提供参考.     

产业转型升级背景下的新生代农民工失业和离职——基于就业能力的分析框架

当前,新生代农民工与城市各个产业尤其是制造业有机相连,成为城市社会生活不可或缺的一部分。然而,随着国内产业转型升级的不断推进,许多企业和众多新生代农民工都面临用工与就业的严峻考验。对于新生代农民工而言,就业能力是决定其就业的核心与本质问题。文章采用Fugate(2004)对就业能力的划分,从职业认同、个人适应性、人力和社会资本分析新生代农民工就业能力的现状。在此基础上,提出新生代农民工失业和离职问题的分析框架:就业能力无法满足市场和用人单位的需求导致新生代农民工失业;就业能力虽满足市场和用人单位的需求,但由于企业无法满足其基本诉求,导致新生代农民工离职频繁。基于此,提出对未实现就业的新生代农民工,应通过政府政策支持和新民工自我管理,提升其就业能力,进而实现就业;对已实现就业的新民工,应建立组织支持契合,积极开展指导关系项目,降低其离职倾向,在实现稳定就业的基础上实现优质就业。     

Assessing social impact in the field of sustainable tourism development: Evidence from Cabo Delgado (MZ)

ABSTRACT

Assessing the social impact of tourism-related activities is of paramount importance to promoting sustainable development. The present study aimed to assess the social impact of a project in Cabo Delgado (MZ), designed to increase local community residents’ employability in the emerging tourism sector through the delivery of vocational training programmes, utilising a multi-phase and mixed-method design. The study comprised three different phases (before, during, and after the intervention) and took into account the perspective of a variety of stakeholders. Programmes were perceived to be effective by local operators in the tourism sector and trainees, as they enhanced their living conditions and increased their employability. International operators and tourists, however, had not yet perceived their effectiveness. This study offers a methodological framework for social impact assessment by performing a programme evaluation as an integral part of the intervention itself. This methodology can be extended to other non-tourism related contexts.