旅游者网络社区的功能与市场意义研究

本文通过对旅游者网络社区大量原始文本的定性分析,揭示了旅游者网络社区所存在的三大功能,即旅游信息资源积累和查询功能、旅游咨询功能、旅游组织功能;进一步分析了旅游者网络社区对于旅游网站和旅游信息化建设的意义,以及在旅游迅速发展特别是自助旅游成为主导趋势的时代对于旅游消费行为的培养,和在旅游市场竞争中所起的宣传和优胜劣汰作用.     

The Virtual Enterprise

Abstract

This article discusses the need for enhancements in the way that tourism education is conducted and shows how changes in the way that technology is used in the global tourism and hospitality industry has necessitated that change. It offers as a solution an educational model called “The Virtual Enterprise” (VE). The history of the model and its implementation at a U. S. community college, as a professional education curriculum that has shown great potential to prepare students for the global nature of the 21st century workplace, is discussed. The Virtual Enterprise, has shown itself to be a business simulator that inculcates both technical and “soft” skills to students. Tourism and hospitality educators face two challenges in preparing their students for the work place. One is to prepare them with the technical skill sets that will create demand for their services amongst employers in the marketplace. The second is to find classroom exercises and simulations that allow students to take those skill sets and put them to the test under “game conditions.” The Virtual Enterprise educational model meets both of these challenges.     

Creating a Hospitality Sales Management Course on the Web

Abstract

What can traditionally experienced faculty expect when training for, designing, and implementing his or her first undergraduate university Web-based course? This case study describes one faculty person's experience in converting his traditionally taught hospitality sales management course to Web-based instruction. In an extended metaphor, the novice faculty person is viewed as a gold prospector who needs a map to the territory, tools and provisions, and first hand stories to provide guidance. Similarly, the faculty person making this journey is provided: (a) a Project Management Model, (b) basic Web course tools, and (c) the author's lessons learned.     

Virtual MICE Promotion

ABSTRACT

Hong Kong and Singapore have been the leading cities for hosting MICE in Asia. Every year, thousands of events are held, both by local and international organizers, in Singapore and Hong Kong. Despite the significant economic contributions of MICE to a local economy, hospitality and tourism literature seldom analyzes Hong Kong and Singapore in terms of MICE promotion. The absence of published articles is particularly true in the context of virtual promotion. This paper reports on a study examining events promotion in the Web sites of the Hong Kong Tourism Board and the Singapore Tourism Board. The paper also analyzes the performance of the official Web sites in providing useful site selection information to event organizers and meeting planners. Empirical results of a content-based analysis indicate that the information provided by the Singaporean Web site is more comprehensive than its Hong Kong counterpart.     

A Shift in Community Engagement Models: A Case Study of Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis and the Indianapolis Business Community

The Indianapolis sports movement and dedication to bringing more regional, domestic, and international sporting events to the city in the late 1960s and early 1970s has brought about tremendous community partnership and experiential learning opportunities for faculty and students at Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis. The article describes how the community engagement model aligns with the city's direction and how Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis is positioning itself to become a premier institution in “real-world” learning for students interested in sports management, tourism, and event management. The proposed partnership model used for community engagement can be replicated by other universities seeking new ways of academic content delivery and destinations pursuing future economic and sustainable growth.     

虚拟技术在会展中的应用

该文通过对虚拟会展发展的背景、现状及趋势的分析,分别从会展主办方、参展企业和参观者三方面论述了虚拟会展的优越性,并通过对虚拟会展系统的架构及功能的分析,进一步论证了开展虚拟会展的必要性。     

虚拟照进现实:对虚拟旅游的研究内核及范畴之思考

作为近些年才出现的一种新事物,虚拟旅游在产业界已经被公认为热点之一。然而,学术界并没有针对虚拟旅游研究的内核及外延进行思考,仍然停留在东敲西打的探索阶段。面对虚拟旅游实践超前,学术滞后的现状,研究其理论内核,使其科学化,就显得尤为必要。笔者在对国内外研究现状分析的基础上,以旅游体验为理想型,提出了镜像体验这一概念,试图以此建立起虚拟旅游研究领域的内核,并进一步以其为核心对虚拟旅游研究范畴进行探讨。     

社区营造与乡村旅游社区韧性培育研究——以四川省成都市蒲江县明月村为例

社区韧性是乡村社会应对不确定风险冲击和挑战的一种变化、适应和改变的能力。在城市化和现代化建设进程中,乡村旅游社区作为乡村振兴的重要空间载体,如何保持社区韧性以实现更好的发展值得探讨。文章以成都蒲江明月村为例,通过对明月村以社区营造为主的乡村建设实践进行分析,探讨社区营造与社区韧性培育之间的关系。研究表明,当前的社区营造在一定程度上增强了明月村的社会空间韧性,促进了居民适应性学习和创新能力的形成。但在面对更远的将来,社区营造还需要进行优化,以便更好地促进乡村旅游社区韧性提升。     

Serious Leisure as an Avenue for Nurturing Community

Using a communitarian framework to explore relationships between individuals and community, survey research was used to examine relationships among volunteers’ personal value orientations of individualism and collectivism, experiences of volunteering as serious leisure, and perceptions of sense of community and social cohesion. Based on survey responses from 300 current volunteers at ten voluntary organizations, findings linked collectivism and individualism to serious leisure, which in turn strongly associated with sense of community and social cohesion. In these empirical findings, serious leisure emerged as a pathway for nurturing community.     

Community engagement and heritage tourism at Geneva Estate,Dominica

Community and heritage tourism can be developed alongside the promotion of Dominica as the ‘Nature Island of the Caribbean’, in which the island's natural resources are commodified as an ecotourism destination. The development of Dominica's tourism product to include heritage tourism through the presentation of plantation sites allows tourists to experience the island's culture and history. A direction for the advance of community and heritage tourism is demonstrated with a case study of the Geneva Heritage Project, begun in 2011 at Geneva Estate near the village of Grand Bay. Through a partnership between professional researchers and a community group, the Grand Bay Tourism and Environmental Committee (GTEC), the Geneva Heritage Project demonstrates an avenue for community groups to define and to interpret the community's history. Members of GTEC collaborated with professional archaeologists and students to conduct archaeological and historical research, which included the collection of data used to create interpretive signs and to compile documentary sources to be made available to community members and tourists. Such collaborative efforts promote the value of resource preservation in a nation lacking legislation to protect its cultural and archaeological resources.     

A Case Study of the Grey Oaks Community and Club: Creation of a High-Performance Culture Through the Innovative Use of a Data-Driven Business Plan

ABSTRACT

Grey Oaks, a premier country club and gated residential community established in Naples, Florida, developed and used a collaborative and highly feedback-driven system to build adaptive capacity and foster proactive change. Special attention has been given to the unique use and refinement of its business plan and planning process through the feedback management received from club members. This highly adaptive business plan helped Grey Oaks to endure the economic downturn that began in 2008, and the company’s ability to thrive in the midst of economic instability has demonstrated the effectiveness of the plan as a model capable of sustaining the cultural and financial health of the club and community. The Grey Oaks planning model has been an innovation in its industry, and other organizations can greatly benefit by studying the implementation and utilization of this evidence-driven model.     

区域旅游开发的景区群落多样性分析——以天台县旅游开发为例

景区是介于旅游资源和旅游产品之间的一种中间形态,区域内景区的构成直接影响到区域旅游产品的结构。为了更好地对区域内景区的构成情况进行分析,文章引入了区域景区群落多样性的概念,提出了计算模型,并以天台县旅游开发为例对其景区群落多样性进行了分析。文章总结了对区域景区群落多样性分析的意义,并对现存的问题进行了讨论。     

Creating memorable experiences in a reuse heritage site

This study identified hypothetical relationships amongst motivation, nostalgia, and memorable tourism experiences in a restaurant reconstructed from an old railway station. We administered a face-to-face questionnaire survey and collected 615 valid questionnaires at the South Tainan Railway Station in Taiwan. The results showed significantly positive relationships between culinary attraction and cultural inheritance and nostalgia, as well as a correlation between nostalgia and memorable tourism experiences. Structural equation modelling analysis verified that nostalgia mediated the effect of personal emotion on memorable tourism experiences. This paper provides suggestions for enhancing memorable experiences and guidance regarding reused buildings at heritage sites.     

More is better? The influencing of user involvement on user loyalty in online travel community

Since user stickiness is low in most online communities due to user easy transferability, assessing the influence of user involvement on user loyalty is paramount. Using an online travel community and a four-level consumer cognitive structure model as a theoretical basis, this study combines semi-structured interviews and scenario-based questionnaires to investigate this relationship. Results suggest that breadth of involvement has an inverted U-curve effect on user loyalty, while depth of involvement has a positive influence. Sense of virtual community both moderates and mediates the relationship between breadth of involvement and loyalty, but does not moderate and only partially mediates depth of involvement and loyalty. Both service value to peaceful life and service value to social integration partially mediate user involvement and loyalty, but service value to social recognition does not.     

境外国家公园社区管理冲突：表现、溯源及启示

国家公园社区冲突研究对于目前中国正开展的国家公园体制试点工作具有指导意义。文章以境外国家公园社区冲突为现实案例,梳理公园管理机构与社区之间冲突的具体表现,发现社区冲突是由公园定界、公园生态保护和公园开发利用3个方面所引致,由此追根溯源至土地政策、利益机制和管理手段。当这三者置身于国家公园体制框架中时,从土地权属保障制度、社区参与制度和特许经营制度3个方面着手预防或改善公园与社区居民之间的关系是具有可操作性和针对性的。文章提出的4类土地权属关系可从一定程度上解决生态保护和社区发展的矛盾,PAC模式保证了社区在国家公园利益分配和补偿中的重要地位,透明顺畅的信息沟通增强社区对公园的信任和信心,社区特许经营制度向社区的倾斜可保障失地社区居民生计。当社区居民“得以偿失”,社区冲突就会止于源头。     

The benefits of and constraints to participation in seniors’ online communities

Participation in seniors' online communities is a significant trend in elders' leisure use of the Internet. Based on an online survey of 218 members of 16 communities, this study explored the experience of participation in such communities. Results identified seven psychological benefits resulting from participation, the most salient being ‘Joyfulness’, ‘Stimulation’ and ‘Companionship’. Analysis also revealed various positive impacts on members' offline social life, interests and activities, as well as instrumental contribution. Negative experiences and several constraints to participation were discovered as well. Still, the findings suggest that the communities offer various mechanisms for enhancing seniors' well-being and promoting successful ageing.     

赋权理论与旅游发展中的社区能力建设

伴随着旅游业的急速增长,作为旅游业利益相关者中之弱势群体的社区,亟须予以不同层面的赋权以提高其参与能力.赋权是一个建立意识、增强能力和发展技能,通向更多参与、更加平等、更大影响的行动过程.本文通过对国内不同地域社区旅游目的地的追踪研究,在赋权理论的框架下,提出旅游发展中社区能力建设的基本路径.     

\"众乐乐\":旅游虚拟社区\"结伴旅行\"之质性研究

以往对互联网与旅游相结合的研究多集中在旅游信息交换方面,本文将探讨在互联网平台上寻找\"游伴\"的现象.采用扎根理论(grounded theory),文章搜集和分析了一个\"讨论串\"和12个半结构式访谈.研究发现,虚拟社区结伴旅行是互联网普及和自助精神共同作用下产生的一种自助旅行方式.旅游者通过控制旅伴的数量和质量,规定旅伴间的权责关系,力图在孤独的背包客和团队旅游中找寻一条中间道路,以\"小圈子\"把这条中间道路确定和保持下来,他们的旅游体验最终结合团队旅游和背包客的优点,实现了优化.文章最后讨论了研究限制和未来研究方向.     

社区居民对九寨沟民族歌舞表演的真实性认知

旅游真实性的研究一直是文化旅游的重要研究内容之一.但旅游地居民本身对文化旅游项目真实性认知的研究却基本上是空白.本文以九寨沟为例,探讨了社区居民对民族歌舞表演的真实性认知.研究认为,社区居民对文化旅游项目真实性的认知反映了旅游对地方传统变迁的影响.在九寨沟,经济因素和文化认同是影响居民对歌舞表演真实性认知的关键因素,而他们表现出显著的年龄差异.中青年居民受旅游经济的影响,将经济因素作为真实性评判的首要依据,而文化认同居于次要地位;而老年居民则超越了利益关系,将他们对九寨沟传统文化的认同作为了判定表演真实性的标准.