整合旅游教育 夯实人才工程——“高等学校旅游管理专业教育教学改革与发展战略研讨会”述要

新世纪高等学校旅游管理学科可持续发展的基础、动力和方向是什么?2001年2月,教育部高教司召开了“新世纪高等学校旅游管理专业教育教学改革与发展战略”的研讨会,与会领导、专家和教授从旅游高等教育、旅游人才工程和旅游专业教材等角度回答了这些问题。这些由教育行政部门、旅游行业部门和院校共同提出的可行性思路将会为国民经济支柱产业之一——旅游业的发展提供理论基础。     

人类学与民族旅游:中国的实践

人类学因其理论与方法的独特性,逐渐被民族旅游研究所借鉴和吸纳,但在中国民族旅游的开发实践中却往往处于"非主流"的境地。人类学要想在中国民族旅游实践中享有更多的话语权,首要的任务就是用本学科的视角透视民族旅游,反思其进行中国实践时所面临的一些特定的问题,并积极推动和参与民族旅游开发的社会评估工作。其关键点在于:一是与政府建立良好的合作关系和协调机制;二是客观审视民族旅游对族群文化和族群关系的影响;三是科学考量旅游开发与当地社会环境的相互适应关系。     

刍议旅游院校学生的观念建设

本文着眼于培养德、智、体全面发展的合格人才和实现高校的可持续发展 ,提出了高校应注重培养学生的“成才”观念 ,一是要树立目标 ,二是要自强不息。旅游业是一个从需求方角度定义的产业 ,它既强调空间意识 ,更强调时间意识 ,由此决定了旅游院校的学生应具有独特的价值观念、团体意识、行为规范和思维模式     

旅游人才培养与高等旅游教育的职业化发展

旅游业的飞速发展及国际旅游业竞争的加剧 ,对从业人员提出了更高的要求 ,越来越多的国家和企业认识到2 1世纪旅游业的竞争 ,实际上就是旅游人才的竞争。本文首先从旅游人才市场的供需错位现象入手 ,分析目前我国高等旅游教育中存在的不足 ,认为职业化导向应是高等旅游教育发展的方向之一 ,并提出了相应的发展思路与对策     

关于旅游高等院校教学改革的思考

教育教学与行业实践脱节,是导致目前我国高等院校旅游专业毕业生行业就业率偏低的原因之一。本文从加强实践教学、养成教育和特色教育等三个方面提出旅游高等院校教学改革的基本思路。     

Tourism and Hospitality Higher Education in Taiwan

SUMMARY

The binary system of tourism and hospitality higher education in Taiwan divides into academic higher education and technical/vocational(institute/university of technology, five-year junior college and two-year junior college). The development of tourism and hospitality higher education in Taiwan is closely related to the growth in the domestic tourist market and the social development of the country. The earliest tourism education began in 1965. This long process of development has given Taiwanese tourism and hospitality education a multifaceted outlook and is generally divided into three periods: the origination period (1946–1968), the growth period (1969–1991), and the competition and adjustment period (1990–present). Over the past years, tourism and hospitality higher education in Taiwan has witnessed rapid growth in numbers, increasing diversification in program names, and with junior colleges and institutes of technology transforming themselves into universities of technology. Current tourism and hospitality programs are boosting global competitiveness for the future hospitality market in Taiwan, with careful positioning clear goals, curriculum planning, integrating hospitality/tourism curriculum, alliances and collaboration, and strengthening tourism and hospitality research.     

世界旅游教育巡礼

本文从政府、教育研究机构及企业的角度对世界旅游教育现状进行了总体梳理 ,同时分别对世界旅游组织及美国和瑞士的旅游教育特点进行了典型分析。     

中国旅游教育研究综述

随着旅游业的发展 ,中国旅游教育蓬勃兴起 ,成为旅游业发展的重要支撑。本文从中国旅游教育的发展、旅游学科建设、旅游教育结构体系以及高等旅游教育的性质、课程设置等方面对中国旅游教育的研究进行了简略综述。提出了今后需要进一步研究的有关旅游教育的理论和实际问题。     

关于旅游教育与旅游业发展的适应性问题

本文通过对我国旅游教育 2 0多年发展历程的观察 ,阐述了旅游教育与旅游发展的适应性问题 ,以期引起人们更深入的思考。一是论述了为什么要深入研究旅游教育与旅游业发展相适应的重要性 ;二是从分析旅游教育的应用性特点入手 ,围绕旅游院校布局、旅游教育教学的各环节 (专业教学计划、教学大纲和教材、师资、实践教学、教学管理 )等 ,论述了旅游教育与旅游业发展相适应的问题 ;最后强调了加强旅游基础理论研究对于构建旅游理论体系 ,促进旅游教育水平提高的重要作用。     

旅游高等院校饭店管理人才培养模式创新研究——以北京联合大学旅游学院为例

中国旅游高等教育以平均每年 10 %的增幅迅速发展 ,但其毕业生的择业意向却不尽如人意 ,致使管理人员学历普遍不高的饭店业仍然承受着人才稀缺的巨大压力。供需的错位导致人才外流 ,资源浪费。本文以全国首家四年制旅游高校———北京联合大学旅游学院为研究对象 ,通过分析饭店专业高等教育现状 ,研究供需矛盾的成因 ,探讨饭店专业人才的培养方式 ,试图为中国旅游高校饭店专业教育教学的改革提供思路     

Implementing sustainable tourism in Scotland: an interview

In China, sites categorised as UNESCO World Heritage Sites are commonly used as a means of economic regeneration through tourism development. This study is of a recent addition to the list, the diaolou (fortified tower houses) of Kaiping, Guangdong, in South China. This rural zone, characterised by past emigration and farming, is in the early stages of tourism development. The study, based on interviews and a survey, permits findings to be compared with other rural areas in China such as Hungcun and the Tangyue Arches of Bao Village in Anhui, and thus while similarities in attitudes are found, in Kaiping differences exist whereby tourism has been found to permit entrepreneurial activities while retaining an agricultural base as the “new tourism rich” employ others to continue farming. The work is contextualised within a model of evolving literature related to tourism impacts on communities. The paper explores a range of issues in sustainable tourism, including the use of tourism as a tool for social, economic and cultural development, holistic approaches to heritage tourism, and the development of glocalisation as a response to globalisation. It discusses differences in approach to heritage tourism, cultural change and commodification between western and Chinese scholars and society.     

创意转向与创意旅游

全球化时代,文化主导的旅游开发模式逐渐成为促进城市和区域经济发展、提升竞争力的重要战略手段。但同时,文化的重复生产和商品化现象也日益明显,导致了文化发展的创意转向。在此背景下,基于文化的创意旅游逐渐成为旅游发展的重要趋势之一。通过对国内外创意旅游概念的系统分析,本文总结了创意旅游的核心要素和特征,分别从生产和消费两个角度构建了创意旅游研究的基本分析框架,并对未来我国创意旅游研究进行了展望。     

Hospitality and Tourism VET in Schools

ABSTRACT

Students undertaking vocational education and training (VET) in school comprise a rapidly growing component of Australia's VET system, with numbers reaching in excess of 100,000 by the Year 2000, representing around 8% of Australia's vocational students (ANTA, 2002). The inclusion of VET in schools has meant changes to curricula, structures, industry partnerships-and changes in the specialisations of teachers. Finding suitably qualified teachers for classroom delivery of VET has become a pressing issue. The University of Queensland explored the need for a teacher education program for hospitality and tourism teachers, conducting an analysis of the demand for specialist VET teachers, a focus group involving key stakeholders to explore issues surrounding the provision of these teachers, and identified appropriate pathways for their education. This paper reports on the context and background of VET in schools, recommendations of the focus group and the development of a program by the university.     

Malaysia's Tourism Development and Marketing

Abstract

Malaysia has proven itself as one of the most successful and fastest growing economies in Southeast Asia. Being one of the world's greatest undiscovered and unexplored countries, there exists a vast tourism development potential in Malaysia. The Malaysian government in recent years has placed unprecedented importance on the role of tourism in its economic development process. This article reviews recent developments in tourism development and marketing efforts in Malaysia.     

Transitions to Sustainable Tourism Mobility: The Social Practices Approach

In this article, we argue that current research on sustainable tourism mobility can be divided roughly into two streams. One covers primarily the organisational and technological side of tourism mobility, while the other concentrates on travellers' attitudes. To date, these streams have been organised as separate bodies of research. There is much to be gained by being able to create linkages between the two. To do this, tourism research will have to develop a less generalised and more context-specific approach to travelling behaviour. In this paper, the Social Practices Approach is suggested as an interesting conceptual tool to interrelate current approaches. By giving greater consideration to the contextual dimension of tourism practices, citizen-consumers might be mobilised more effectively as change agents. To analyse the potential roles of citizen-consumers in transition processes towards sustainable tourism mobility, two citizen-consumer-led change processes are differentiated. The first is directed at tourists in their consumer-role, by providers developing sociotechnical innovations enabling and tempting tourists to behave more sustainably, and by incorporating consumer-logics in supply. Second, tourists can be mobilised in their role as citizen-consumers through processes of sub-politics, social movements and political consumerism.     

基于旅游产业化的一种动态教育模式安排

本文通过对近几年来我国旅游教育与旅游产业发展的状态比较 ,在抽样调查和实证数据分析的基础上 ,指出旅游教育与旅游产业发展过程中存在的一种均衡与非均衡状态 ,并提出了一种旅游教育与旅游产业协调发展的动态教育模式。     

Practicing What We Preach in Tourism Education and Research

Abstract

As teachers of both strategic and operational management in tourism/hospitality programs, we constantly stress the importance of research as a means of providing critical information for destination planning and development. At the same time, in our capacity as managers of academic programs, it is not uncommon for many of us to overlook the use of research in the management of these programs. While we normally undertake market assessments before establishing new programs, and regularly gather operational data on teaching performance, this paper argues that based on the existing literature, tourism education program managers generally fail to take sufficient advantage of several strategic research approaches that are heavily used in other management contexts.

Having recognized their own shortcoming in this regard, the present authors have attempted to rectify it by formally integrating a selected number of widely used research approaches into the overall management of their programs. The results, we believe, demonstrate just how valuable the use of formal program research can be in setting innovative directions for program design and development, for enhancing student satisfaction with specific courses, and for evaluating the overall efficiency and effectiveness of well established programs.

Part I of the present discussion examines the use and usefulness of one major research technique for tourism education program design and management. The technique in question is Strategic Visioning.     

Tourism in the Gambia: problems and proposals

This paper analyses the development constraints which confine The Gambia to being one of the poorest countries in the world. The programmes designed to reduce these constraints are outlined. In particular, tourism is identified as an appropriate development strategy. Using primary data, tourism in The Gambia, its development and administration are described in some detail. Althoiugh a prima facie case can be made extolling the virtues of tourism in that country, the industry is beset by a range of problems. The juxtaposition of the country's growing reliance on tourism against increasing stagnation in the sector is a focus of particular concern. Constraints in the tourism sector are identified in the spheres of policy formulation and implementation, capital investment, human resource endowment, existing and potential tourist markets, seasonality issues and product resource base. For each constraint identified, a management strategy is proposed. In essence, the article is an advocation of sustainable tourism development for The Gambia based on long-term holistic planning, including appropriate resource development, community involvement, education and training.     

关于旅游学科发展与旅游管理专业课程体系建设的思考

本文提出了中国旅游事业以及高等旅游教育与科研近30年发展中几个主要方面问题:旅游和高等旅游教育科研的所得和所失、旅游的基本性质、高等旅游教育的定性、旅游学能否成为一门独立学科、旅游学科体系的建设、旅游管理专业课程体系构成、旅游管理专业主干课程及内容的确定,分析了这些问题的根源.在此基础上集中阐述了作者对旅游学科定性和定位、旅游学科理论体系结构、旅游学科的研究方法论、旅游管理专业课程体系构建等问题的观点.     

旅游政治的政治学分析

旅游发展中各种利益诉求与问题的日渐凸显,是政治介入并不断侵蚀旅游的关键性因素.把发展旅游提到政治问题的高度,进而促进政治与旅游的有机统一,是旅游政治的出发点和归宿.旅游政治包含政治实践和政治分析两个层面,本文从后者探讨了旅游政治的基本涵义及其产生的基本动因、旅游政治的价值与功能、影响旅游发展的政治要素以及旅游政治的基本架构.