关于旅游与休闲研究方法的思考

本文就旅游与休闲研究方面的问题谈几点认识。包括如下4个方面的思考：①研究方法在休闲探索中的涵义；②唯一可行的方法；③休闲探索的切入点；④休闲探索给我们带来些什么。     

Physically Active Leisure and Tourism Connection: Leisure Involvement and Choice of Tourism Activities Among Paddlers

Leisure and tourism activities may be integrally related for some. This study examined the relationship between the preferred leisure and tourism activities and psychological involvement in paddling of a group of paddlers. Participants were surveyed at the completion of a paddle tour. Data were analyzed using frequencies, confirmatory factor analysis, cross-tabulations, and ANOVA. Four types of leisure-tourism connection (LTC) were identified. People more highly involved with paddling tended to paddle while on vacation compared with other LTC types. The findings provide empirical evidence for previous assertions proposing a connection between involvement in leisure activities and subsequent tourism behaviors.     

旅游城市休闲服务业协调发展研究

本文通过明晰休闲与旅游的关系,着重探讨了旅游城市经济产业中休闲服务部门的概念与内涵,并从时空角度追索了休闲活动的演化进程,分析了休闲服务业的部门构成和国内外发展现状,探讨了我国旅游城市休闲服务业协调发展的初步构想.     

德语国家休闲与旅游地理研究的回顾与进展

德语国家的旅游地理学研究发端于汉斯·波塞尔(Hans Poser)1939年对利森山区(Riesengebirge)旅游景区的分析研究.他将景观看作旅游的背景,认为地理学研究旅游要从分析景观和度假之间的关系入手.二战后形成的以休闲行为研究为主的慕尼黑学派,更重视游客及其休闲行为.目前的旅游地理学研究主要以应用为主,如可持续旅游发展、空间承载力以及社会变迁对旅游供求市场的影响等.另一个趋势是地理多元空间(如物理空间、行为空间、虚拟空间等)对休闲和旅游的影响研究.另外,休闲旅游发展的整体性研究方法又重新复活.     

休闲与旅游的辩证关系及其社会功能试析

从1995年"十一"开始的黄金周旅游"井喷",到"七年之痒"的今年,人们终于能够比较全面地认识旅游业对中国经济社会的意义;而对于正在中国大地初起的休闲,当前人们的讨论却仍然是众说纷纭.本文的研究,试图在当前我国社会经济的背景下,从休闲活动与产业的兴起、从研究的回顾、从当前"旅游"与"休闲"的交叉研究等几个方面辨析二者的同异,并继而在阐述其社会功能的基础上,试探借助国家统计局有关我国旅游统计的资料等,估算中国国内休闲产业日益增强的经济推力.     

Market Segmentation of Golf Event Spectators Using Leisure Benefits

The proliferation of golf events has provided increased opportunities to watch professional golf tournaments. The purpose of this study is to examine a variety of leisure benefits sought by Korean golf event spectators and provide useful marketing strategies to fulfill their needs. Within the contexts of leisure benefits, different individuals tend to assign different meanings to the same leisure experience. In this sense, golf event spectators are likely to pursue heterogeneous leisure benefits from their engagement. This study identified four distinct spectator groups (i.e., escape seekers, exercise seekers, interest seekers, and excitement seekers) and uncovered significant differences among these segments. Results provided empirical support that event-based sport tourism marketers need to implement diverse strategies to increase and reinforce their customer base.     

成都国际旅游营销的市场细分与定位研究

城市国际旅游市场营销必须建立在科学的需求分析预测基础上,才能确保后续管理活动的正确和高效.本文基于对海外10个国家和旅居国内4城市的外籍人士的问卷调研,聚类分析出成都市国际旅游客源的5大细分市场,阐明了各目标市场的类型特征及其相应的产品结构性开发,并就成都实际提出了整合旅游营销传播的市场定位体系.     

城市休闲与休闲城市

随着休闲概念的普及与发展,城市休闲与休闲城市建设成为城市发展的一个前沿课题.本文在研究城市休闲影响因素和城市休闲体系构建的基础上,对建设休闲城市进行了初步探索.     

文化休闲旅游符号的思考——以丽江大研古城和徽州古村落为例

随着恩格尔系数的平稳下降,中国家庭与休闲相关的消费在不断攀升.文章从丽江大研古城沿街店铺经营业务入手,搜索大研古城的文化休闲旅游符号,分析其形成机制:外在动力机制有休闲时代的即将到来、市场需求的拉动;内在动力机制有自然因素、文化因素和政府决策因素.对比丽江大研古城和以宏村、西递为代表的徽州古村落,探讨不同文化背景的遗产旅游地发展过程中出现的两种特征:文化休闲旅游和文化观光旅游.文章认为,在休闲时代到来之际,传统的观光旅游逐渐向休闲度假旅游转变,文化型遗产地应冷静对待,避免盲动,做出适合自身文化本底的正确选择.     

Leisure,recreation and tourism in Western Europe

This article is partly a literature review of trends and intercountry comparisons in leisure, recreation and tourism activities in Western Europe. A wide range of conclusions is drawn, some applying to needs for public sector actions.     

A Lifestyle Segmentation Analysis of the Backpacker Market in Scotland

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the research outlined in this article is to provide a travel lifestyle segmentation analysis of one particular tourist group, commonly known as 'backpackers', who reside in Scottish Youth Hostel Association hostels. This research was undertaken due to the lack of understanding and knowledge of this market in the United Kingdom, specifically their needs, wants and motivations. Five cluster groups were uncovered in total: Typical Backpackers, Discoverers, Outdoors, Family Ties, and Routine Travellers. The aim of this article is to provide a wider understanding beyond the demographics of the backpacker and thus provide useful marketing and promotional advice for suppliers to the backpacker market. It also aims to contrast the Scottish backpacker market with findings in Australia, to determine whether cluster groups uncovered are similar in both countries.     

Sustainable Transport,Market Segmentation and Tourism: The Looe Valley Branch Line Railway,Cornwall, UK

This paper uses cluster analysis, a form of a posteriori market segmentation, to understand the attitudes of tourists and the local community towards using the Looe Valley Branch Railway Line. The research revealed five segments of users distinguished by their attitudes towards using the train. Following this, the paper discusses the implications of the survey findings for attracting more people to use the Looe Valley Line. It sets its findings in the context of the sustainable tourism aims of reducing transport congestion and emissions, as well as recent work on assessing the scope for sustainable transport development in the leisure and tourism markets.     

Influence of Socio-Demographics and Residential Environment on Leisure Activity Participation

Participating in leisure activities provides important benefits for all people. However, there is a substantial reduction of (green) leisure opportunities in cities, and the green spaces that are available often are poorly accessible. The purpose of this study is to analyze the diversity of participation in various types of leisure activities and to determine the relationship between leisure activity participation and characteristics of the residential environment depending on socio-demographic characteristics. Diary data from 803 respondents living in the Eindhoven region in the Netherlands were used. Four segments were identified that differ regarding their leisure activity participation, and a modest impact of green space accessibility was found.     

乡村旅游开发土地收储阶段居民意愿特征与细分机制——基于扎根理论的研究

作为土地增值收益再分配过程的土地收储,不断导致乡村旅游开发中各利益主体间的矛盾与冲突。识别居民对土地收储意愿态度特征及其作用机制,不但有助于乡村旅游开发土地收储的顺利进行,更对维持乡村社会稳定具有重要意义。文章以河北W村为例,采用扎根理论对非参与式观察和深度访谈法获取的536条数据资料进行层级编码分析,探析乡村旅游开发土地收储阶段居民征地意愿及其特征。研究发现,居民在土地收储阶段的意愿会依据个体条件产生差异化价值需求,并根据需求的被满足程度形成积极响应、条件支持、矛盾屈从和顽强抵抗4种典型形态。通过扎根理论形成的条件-需求-意愿作用路径,可对意愿细分形成原因进行阐释,其本质是人地关系地域系统中地理环境影响人行为选择的一种具体表现。     

宜居应宜闲:论现代宜居城市的休闲融入问题

宜居城市应该同时是宜闲城市,因为城市居民日益增多的闲暇时间和收入要求宜居城市充分发挥宜闲功能,宜闲是获得城市居民对宜居认同的重要保证,也是国外评选宜居城市的一个重要依据.但宜闲问题在当前我国宜居城市建设和评价中没有得到应有的重视.我们今后在规划与建设宜居城市时,要正确处理好城市居民居住、生产和休闲的关系.要注意将休闲理念融入城市理念,将"乐闲"规划纳入城市宜居规划,将旅游业发展纳入城市产业发展规划,要重点发展社区休闲.让社区休闲承担起城市休闲的主要功能.     

上海休闲旅游特色街空间结构及成因研究

休闲旅游特色街,作为上海都市旅游业发展的重要组成部分,日益受到关注和重视.本文通过对休闲旅游特色街空间结构的实证研究,在明确其空间分布现状以及构成特点的基础上,试图解读其多元化的形成原因,从而为休闲旅游特色街的深度开发和合理调整提供科学的依据.     

Escaping the Jungle

ABSTRACT

One of the most challenging, but also most interesting, features of tourism and hospitality as an area of study is that there is considerable variability in the backgrounds and training of those who are involved in its management. In some commercial sectors there is a lengthy tradition of the use of marketing as an integral component of management practice, while in public management organisations, marketing concepts are either unknown or mistrusted. This lack of application of marketing is particularly apparent in the management of tourism to protected areas such as National and State Parks and forests. An ongoing challenge in this sector is to conduct research into visitors and how they choose and enjoy their nature based leisure experiences. This article will report on a project to improve the study and management of visitors to the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area in the North Eastern part of Australia. The study involved a travel lifestyle market segmentation of over 1200 visitors to the area based on travel interests, activities and desired rainforest based tourism experiences. The analysis identified four core types of rainforest visitor and these groups were compared and contrasted in terms of their service quality ratings and overall satisfaction. The article concludes with links to the management frameworks for this tourism destination and the value of different segmentation techniques     

Market Segmentation in the Tourism Industry and Consumers' Spending

Abstract

Despite the unabated pace of globalisation and the incessant flow of tourists to multiple tourist destinations, there is little attention paid by tourist operators and hospitality managers to the segmentation of holiday makers based on their distinctive spending habits for revenue maximization. Segmenting holiday makers according to their levels of expenditure is an important factor in developing comprehensive marketing strategies since travellers who decide to spend a vacation in the same area and in the same period might spend their money in very different ways. This paper uses the CHAID technique to examine direct as well as daily tourist expenditures of holiday makers in Hong Kong to define market segments (particularly, the big spenders). The results obtained confirm that CHAID is a relatively flexible technique to use and can be employed as a precursor to a more parametric approach.     

国内外休闲研究扫描--兼谈建立我国休闲学科体系的设想

本文全面地介绍了国内外休闲研究的发展背景、演变历程、研究现状、相关机构和代表文献，提供了一个把握休闲研究脉络和体系的图景，并就建立适合我国国情的休闲学科研究体系提出了设想。     

休闲产业:概念、范围与统计问题

建立我国休闲产业统计学已成为我们面临的一项重要课题.但由于对休闲产业的理解不同,目前国内学术界对休闲产业所应包括的行业范围尚未达成共识.本文在提出界定休闲产业三原则的基础上,结合国民经济三次产业划分法,将休闲产业划分为休闲第一产业、休闲第二产业和休闲第三产业.