中国和印度入境旅游发展比较

印度是亚太地区旅游业发展最快的国家之一.本文对中国大陆和印度近年来入境旅游的发展水平进行比较研究,重点从两国的旅游基础设施状况、入境旅游宣传和干扰入境旅游的异常因素等方面进行分析,提出应该重视印度入境旅游发展趋势、借鉴印度经验改进中国旅游国际市场营销策略、加强两国旅游业交流与合作等一系列建议,以应对印度入境旅游快速发展的局面.     

中国出境旅游发展及其影响的初步研究

出境旅游持续快速增长,国际旅游双流格局渐次形成,是当前中国旅游业国际化的主要表现.出境旅游发展会改变国际旅游收支关系,但是,即使出现旅游赤字,也不一定对宏观经济产生负面作用.出境旅游发展会刺激中国入境旅游增长,促进旅游企业的跨国经营,有利于提升中国旅游产业的整体素质.当前,政府无需对出境旅游加以直接规制,但需要采取多种跟进措施.     

Targeting Rural Tourists in the Internet: Comparing Travel Motivation and Activity-Based Segments

This study aims to compare activity-based segmentation and travel motivation segmentation from the perspective of information search behavior and online use behavior by comparing segment heterogeneity. The data were collected from users of three Finnish rural tourism websites with 1754 completed and usable questionnaires to create segmentation solutions based on travel activities and motivations using hierarchical cluster analysis and then comparing the results. The results indicate that travel activities are more useful than travel motivations in finding heterogeneous segmentation solutions, making the travel activity segments more heterogeneous than travel motivation segments as regards their information search behavior and Internet use. The results suggest that in this era of Internet marketing, travel activities are a better segmentation base than travel motivations in order to target different market segments as activities form more heterogeneous segmentation solutions.     

Industrial railway heritage trains: the evolution of a heritage tourism genre and its attributes

Heritage tourism forms a specific genre within the wider field of tourism; however, this genre itself encompasses a wide range of different types of heritage attractions, of which industrial attractions, military attractions, stately homes and attractions associated with historic people are all examples. This paper discusses the evolution of industrial railway heritage attractions from their original railway operations to visitor attractions; second, it examines the key attributes defining successful industrial railway heritage attractions; and third, it compares and contrasts these attributes for three industrial railway heritage attractions, spanning three separate locations and two countries (Australia and Malaysia). The findings from the study identify and support ranges of success factors and suggest a framework for examining the genre of industrial railway heritage attractions and their attributes. This framework can direct future studies that investigate the nature of industrial railway heritage trains, and contribute to enriching understanding and knowledge of this genre of attractions.     

Users and Non-users of Smartphones for Travel: Differences in Factors Influencing the Adoption Decision

This study aims to understand individuals' decision processes to adopt smartphone for travel and, thereafter, to explore differences in the factors influencing users and non-users. Based on the innovation-decision process model by Rogers [2003. Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). New York, NY: Free Press], smartphone users are classified into user and non-user groups depending upon their use of smartphones for travel purposes. In order to empirically examine the group differences, a survey was conducted for college students in November 2011 (n?=?350). The results of this study reveal that smartphone users for travel are higher in their level of innovativeness than non-users. Significant discrepancies in the use of smartphone functions also existed; albeit no difference in general smartphone-use habit including length of smartphone use and daily use. In terms of perceived innovative characteristics of smartphone use for travel, users are more positive in usefulness, compatibility, result demonstrability, and visibility. A predictive model of smartphone use for travel suggests that personal innovativeness, smartphone functions being used, and perception on result demonstrability could improve the predictability of the adoption behavior of smartphone for traveling. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.     

Research Associations as Network Facilitators: A Snapshot of the Travel and Tourism Research Association

This article presents a discussion on research associations as facilitators of knowledge networks in a community of tourism research and marketing professionals. The Travel and Tourism Research Association was selected for a case study to examine factors, attitudes, and behaviors in relation to professional networking of its members. Perceptions of knowledge networks, and of the association as a network facilitator, are discussed in the contexts of social networks and capacity-building of a scientific community. While the observations are made of a small sample from a single association, results of the study have potential implications for understanding and nurturing professional networks in an applied research community.     

北京市旅游业三大核心产业投资经营效益现状与剖析

没有高效益的投资经营，就不可能保证旅游远景规划的实现。本文通过对北京市旅游业三大核心产业的投资经营效益现状的分析，指出北京市旅游企业投资效益不佳与不同行业的具体情况有关，而改善企业的投资经营效益应该与现有的管理体制改革相结合。政府的行业管理应该针对不同行业的特点制定出不同的宏观对策。     

The Use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Tourist Information and Promotion of the Polish Carpathians in Foreign Tourism Markets

The recent years have been a time of rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in tourism. The objective of this article is to analyse and assess the use of ICTs in tourist information and promotion of selected municipalities in the Polish Carpathians, the largest region of mountain tourism in Poland. Particular attention was paid to the activities taken by DMOs, local entrepreneurs and cultural institutions. The use of ICTs in the Polish Carpathians is at a relatively advanced level, but still not sufficient enough to make these solutions a fully effective tool in building a strong regional brand in the international tourism markets.     

旅游开发中旅游吸引物权的制度化路径与实践效应--以“阿者科计划”减贫试验为例

国内有关"旅游吸引物权"的研究大多止步于理论探讨,而旅游地却存在大量旅游吸引物权益缺失的发展困境。文章尝试将"旅游吸引物权"学术概念进行落地运用,通过一场持续3年的旅游减贫试验,探索出旅游吸引物权在中国制度情境下的制度化路径,解析其实践效应。研究发现:(1)旅游吸引物权的产权建构需要首先从结构层面建立兼顾分配和资源保护意义的制度规则体系,制度规则背后的核心运行逻辑是经济利益调节。(2)制度结构建立后,再从能力与文化层面建构多方主体对旅游吸引物权表达与实践的理解和认知,重点是在认知范畴上建立产权共识。(3)旅游吸引物权建构所需的制度、能力与文化培育可由多方外部主体援助完成,但援助的目的是催发原住民的主体性。发展乡村旅游不一定需要大资本进驻,地方政府的政策支持、适量的资金投入、产权建构的技术援助,足以带动原住民参与旅游发展。其中,地方政府作为土地产权的决定性主体,对旅游吸引物权的理解、授权与支持是开展产权建构的根基性条件。需要指出的是,文章的旅游吸引物权建构是对各个构成物要素凝结的共有性、整体性旅游吸引价值的产权关系进行系统表达,本质上是不改变现有构成物的"名义产权"制度,利用制度多元逻辑引导多方主体改变产权认知观念与结构,在认知范畴上建立关于新增的旅游吸引价值的"事实产权"。