Local arts agency participation in cultural tourism management

The tourism literature does not consider the role of the local arts agency in destination management. This paper explores the extent to which local arts agencies engage in programming and partnerships related to the development of tourism. It proposes that participation in cultural tourism management is determined by both organizational and environmental characteristics. Drawing on a national survey of local arts agencies, the analysis compares survey measures of these characteristics to estimate their influence on the likelihood that agencies are involved in cultural tourism programming. Two-thirds of subject local arts agencies report that their organization is currently working or partnering in programming aimed at cultural tourism. Smaller agencies with a range of programs are more likely to have adopted the innovation. Agencies responsible for management of a cultural facility develop audiences through cultivation of tourists.     

中国自然文化遗产管理模式的改革

本文从中国自然文化遗产保护、利用和管理的现状出发,比较分析了自然文化遗产管理的国际模式,指出旅游服务是为游客提供某种经历、感受与体验,而并非购买风景资源本身,从而提出自然文化遗产的所有权归国家所有,管理权由各级、各行政主管部门行使,旅游经营权可进入市场运行,同时建立完整而有效的监督保护体系,实行“四权分离”的管理模式。     

Cider and the Marketing of the Tourism Experience in Somerset,England

Summary

The paper provides a background to the history, development and importance of the cider industry to the county. A case study approach is then adopted, in order to demonstrate the richness of cider experiences available to the tourist travelling both through, and within, Somerset. Three case studies of individual firms are provided. The paper notes that a firm's reasons for engaging in tourism bear great similarities to those utilized by wineries. The paper also highlights the importance of collective marketing strategies at both the firm and business level.     

Policy communities,networks and issue cycles in tourism destination systems

This paper demonstrates how concepts derived from policy community, policy network and issues management theories can be used to understand the roles, activities and interactions of government, corporate and pressure group stakeholders engaged in tourism policy, planning and management in destination contexts. It shows the relevance and utility of an “integrated issue lifecycle approach” to trace the evolution of tourism policy, planning and destination management within specific destination contexts. The application of this approach is demonstrated through a case analysis of the tourism policy and planning system that underpins the destination system of Byron Bay, a significant domestic and international destination on the East Coast of Australia. The underlying premise adopted for this study is that the examination of the antecedents of tourism policy and planning processes, within particular destination contexts, can lead to an understanding of the driving values and ideas that have led to contemporary tourism policy issues and problems.     

文化旅游创新体系的结构与性质研究

如何提升创新能力是中国旅游业实现产业转型和升级需要解决的关键问题.因为旅游业产业结构的复杂性,所以产业内部创新行为的表现形式也会有很大差异.文化旅游创新主要不是技术创新,而是要以文化创新为基础,达到旅游的创新与发展.文化旅游创新体系在结构和运行机制上都体现为文化与旅游融合的二元复合体系,具有创新目标与成果的双重性、二元核心创新主体、双重价值导向,是双重核心模式.鉴于此,应注意文化创新和文化旅游产品创新的差异,建立协调市场机制和公共管理机制的创新管理体制,充分发挥旅游地居民与旅游企业的积极性.     

文学旅游地的遗产保护与开发——南京夫子庙李香君故居和王谢古居案例研究

本文以南京夫子庙李香君故居和王谢古居为例,从文化遗产角度探讨文学旅游景点的开发.笔者以文学遗产旅游地特征模型和文学遗产旅游地产品开发模型为依托,通过问卷调查和EXCEL软件进行数据分析,研究造访文学遗产地游客群体特征、旅游目的、对景点事先了解程度、旅游者对文学遗产旅游地的感知和旅游者对旅游地满意度等.通过对旅游者体验和期望之间的差异分析提出文学遗产旅游地如何制定市场开发策略.     

Distortions in Tourism Development in the Dali Autonomous Region,China

This paper presents a tourism destination development sequence for Dali, Yunnan Province, China. The development of Dali highlights limits in the power of the local government as the lead stakeholder, which took a top-down approach to economic development. The government sought to address increasing control of the tourism sector by external tour operators through increasing its own control of local tourism attractions. This approach has been only partially successful in reducing distortions in the tourism channel. The origins of these distortions are described and analysed. A number of additional responses are suggested to improve the local benefits obtained from the inflow of tourists to this new destination area including development of a more market oriented competitive strategy that seeks to co-opt stakeholders into collaborative activities.     

World Heritage Site selection in sensitive areas: Andaman and Nicobar Islands

The legacy of UNESCO World Heritage (WH) designation is renowned and for that reason is subject to increased visitor arrivals. This research-based article examines the issues associated with the selection of WH sites in one among the most remote and sensitive environments of the world, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India (ANI). It explores the benefits of sustainable tourism development and conservation measures that the designation could bring to the ANI. The appropriate research methods adopted to consult a wide range of stakeholders are discussed while addressing the challenges facing the potential properties. This article was written from outside of the official WH designation process.     

试论绍兴发展文化生态旅游

文化生态旅游是一种可持续发展的旅游。其要义是文化旅游资源的生态化开发和文化旅游产品的生态化保护。文章研究了绍兴发展文化生态旅游的必要性,认为发展文化生态旅游是绍兴旅游业的战略选择,分析了绍兴文化生态旅游的资源优势和存在问题,提出了绍兴发展文化生态旅游的基本原则和主要措施。     

国外关于旅游地水供需矛盾的研究

旅游业是地表水和地下水的主要使用者之一。随着旅游业的不断发展，对水资源的影响日益凸现，水供需矛盾已成为全球旅游可持续发展的主要制约因素之一。本文在阐述国外水供需矛盾旅游地主要区域特征的基础上．从系统角度深入分析了国外旅游地水供需矛盾及其主要影响因素，并从管理、技术、经济和教育等方面总结了国外水供需矛盾的主要调控措施与实施情况．以期丰富旅游水环境的研究视角，为我国旅游地水供需管理提供帮助。     

Managing tourists and politicians in India

This article describes one approach to matching the needs of foreign tourists and local communities in India—ldstar circuits” (a way of routeing tourists around a collection of sites) and condominium hotels (a way of allowing locals to participate in providing a range of tourist services). Also discussed are some of the problems that arise when Indian politicians consider tourism projects.     

The sustainable integration of cultural heritage and tourism: a meta-study

This paper presents a cross-disciplinary thematic investigation into the relationship between cultural heritage and tourism. It systematizes evidence on concepts, policies and strategies and provides an interpretive synthesis illuminating the factors deemed critical by researchers for the sustainable integration of heritage and tourism. It seeks to find consilience to lead to a “new age of synthesis”. After an extensive literature review, 483 studies were selected and reviewed, assisted by a qualitative data analysis software (NVivo). The research followed the meta-synthesis approach, particularly meta-ethnography, of identifying findings, grouping findings into categories and grouping categories into synthesized findings, to produce a representative set of 15 synthesis factors. These include local involvement, education and training, authenticity and interpretation, sustainability-centered tourism management, integrated planning, incorporation into a wider sustainable development framework, controlled growth, governance and stakeholder participation, market and product diversification, suitable funding provision, international governance and support systems, a heritage capital approach, effective site management, destination management and a sound theoretical/methodological base. These 15 factors are suggested as the fundamental components of a more efficient theoretical frame and evidence-based policy in the fields of cultural heritage and tourism, aimed at achieving sustainability.     

A Look at the Changing Acculturation Patterns in the United States and Implications for the Hospitality Industry

Abstract

Ethnic minorities are underrepresented in hotel management. Ethnic minorities are not excluded from all management positions, just those that are considered crucial to the business. With inclusionary closure, ethnic minorities are given access to management positions in peripheral departments instead of those with key financial responsibilities. Demographic and career history data from 5549 hotel managers in 552 properties are used to access inclusionary closure as a process of new-racism and the creation of racialized jobs. Ethnic minorities had the least representation in positions that are critical in hotel operations, and we found evidence that job racialization, or the channeling of minorities into peripheral management positions, may be occurring in hotel management. This study's findings challenge the perceived progress of ethnic minorities in hotel management in the post-Civil Rights era in the specific context of hotel management.     

Planning,Changing Landscapes and Tourism in Singapore

The paper discusses approaches to certain forms of official planning, the values which underpin them and implications for tourism, with particular reference to Singapore and its natural and cultural resources. Government efforts to mould nature and culture through planning, in accordance with visions of its preferred states, are reviewed and some concerns about the extent of interference and the results are revealed. The landscapes created may be excessively ordered and lacking in spontaneity, with doubts about authenticity, features that adversely affect their sustainability as visitor attractions. Insights are thus afforded into underlying imperatives and the linkages which connect planning, environmental and social policies, political ideologies, and tourism in relatively newly independent states and more widely.     

关于旅游学科发展与旅游管理专业课程体系建设的思考

本文提出了中国旅游事业以及高等旅游教育与科研近30年发展中几个主要方面问题:旅游和高等旅游教育科研的所得和所失、旅游的基本性质、高等旅游教育的定性、旅游学能否成为一门独立学科、旅游学科体系的建设、旅游管理专业课程体系构成、旅游管理专业主干课程及内容的确定,分析了这些问题的根源.在此基础上集中阐述了作者对旅游学科定性和定位、旅游学科理论体系结构、旅游学科的研究方法论、旅游管理专业课程体系构建等问题的观点.     

文化遗产保护与利用关系的国际规则演变

国际法规是文化遗产保护与利用的基本依据,但由于相关法规众多,常被误解、曲解或生搬硬套,文章通过总结分析近百年来文化遗产保护国际法规的发展演变,厘清国际法规对文化遗产保护与利用关系的基本定位、对文化遗产利用方式的定位变化,以及对文化遗产旅游发展的态度与立场变化,结论认为,国际法规中文化遗产的保护与利用关系是不断动态变化的,随着保护工作对＂利用＂的依赖度不断提高,文化旅游的双面影响也不断受到关注。     

Tourist satisfaction in relation to attractions and implications for conservation in the protected areas of the Northern Circuit,Tanzania

This study assessed tourist satisfaction and its links with tourist attractions and infrastructure at the following six protected areas on the Northern Tourist Circuit of Tanzania: Tarangire National Park, Lake Manyara National Park, Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Serengeti National Park, Arusha National Park, and Mt. Kilimanjaro National Park. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 185 tourists visiting the protected areas. Satisfaction ratings for the Northern Circuit were high, with 86% of tourists willing to be repeat visitors. Tourists were attracted primarily to wildlife viewing. Although most tourists were not influenced to visit the region by indigenous culture or physical features, 81% of tourists noted that non-wildlife attractions enhanced their tourist experience. A range of ways to develop more sustainable forms of tourism emerged from the work, including lengthening stays, guide/driver capacity building, and partnership working with tour operators to improve marketing, increase satisfaction rates, and diversify the product.     

旅游规划与管理中利益相关者研究进展

国外旅游研究在20世纪80年代中后期引入“利益相关者”概念,并在20世纪90年代中期开始进行相关研究;近年来,我国学者也开始在旅游规划与管理中引入利益相关者分析方法和理论。本文对国内外旅游研究中有关利益相关者分析方法和利益相关者管理的研究成果进行综述,并对今后国内关于利益相关者研究的方向作了思考。     

乡村旅游地发展过程中的"公地悲剧"研究——以杭州梅家坞、龙坞茶村、山沟沟景区为例

乡村旅游地发展过程中的环境退化、村民无序争夺有限资源等"公地悲剧"现象十分普遍.乡村旅游资源的产权属性决定了"公地悲剧"产生的必然性,它表现为公共资源利用无度、公共秩序混沌失序和公共福利供给短缺,导致了乡村旅游核心资源迅速耗损和旅游品牌资产快速衰减,并严重影响了乡村旅游目的地的可持续发展.本文采用田野作业方法,主要分析了杭州梅家坞荼文化村、龙坞荼村和山沟沟景区"公地悲剧"的产生原因及其演变情况.文章还探讨了地方政府主导型、外来投资者主导型和农村集体组织主导型3种制度模式来解决乡村旅游中"公地悲剧"的基本思路.     

我国自然与文化遗产可持续发展的组织体系建设

自然与文化遗产管理的组织改革是遗产管理中的难题,在转型期中的遗产保护和旅游经营开发之间的各种矛盾都会在组织问题上体现出来。本文在总结国内外现阶段自然与文化遗产管理组织现状的基础上,概括了遗产管理组织体系建设的约束条件,并对我国的遗产管理现状进行分析,最后提出若干组织改革的建议。