Measuring Corporate Performance by Building on the Stakeholders Model of Business Ethics

The main thesis guiding the conceptual development of our corporate performance measurement model is that business success – defined as long-term survival and growth – is determined by relationship quality (1) among the various organizational departments (internal stakeholders), (2) between internal and external stakeholders, and (3) between internal and distal stakeholders. Relationship quality among internal stakeholders is conceptualized and operationalized in terms of internal service quality. Relationship quality between internal and external stakeholders is conceptualized and operationalized in terms of external service quality. Relationship quality between internal and distal stakeholders is conceptualized and operationalized in terms of company goodwill. Thus, corporate performance of manufacturing firms can be measured by a survey of representatives of internal, external, and distal stakeholders. Corporate strategies can be developed as a direct function of strengths and weaknesses uncovered by corporate performance measurement.     

A Customer Value Perspective in the Nonprofit Marketing Context: Expanding the Means-End Chain for Multiple Stakeholders

ABSTRACT

Very little of the current research on nonprofit marketing adopts a customer value perspective. This paper will (1) briefly outline the special customer value challenges faced by nonprofit organizations, such as multiple stakeholders and a lack of marketing orientation; (2) describe the innovative customer value approach developed by Woodruff and Gardial (1996); and (3) offer a model applying the Wood-ruff/Gardial approach in the NPO context, including research propositions.     

The Creation of Value Through Corporate Reputation

The relationship between social and financial performance (CSP – FP) has been a main objective in the literature on business management, as it would provide an economic justification for the social investment insofar as it contributes to the creation of value. This relationship has been empirically tested by several authors though without using a theoretical model that sustains this relationship. The aim of this article is to propose a theoretical model of the process of the creation of value from the reputation generated by companies, integrating the factors that have been shown to be more relevant in this process from previous research, in such a way that hypotheses are put forward regarding the existence of this relationship and the factors that determine it. Finally, an empirical test is performed using the 100 most prestigious companies operating in Spain during 2004.     

从公司价值、顾客让渡价值到公司战略的理性思考

从战略的目标———公司价值最大化入手 ,以全新的角度对公司战略进行了本源性的理性思考。其中重点阐述了战略与公司价值、公司价值与顾客让渡价值的关系 ,并给出了基于顾客让渡价值网络的战略制定的要点     

人力资源价值与企业绩效关系

关于人力资源与企业绩效关系的理论与实证研究成果,证明了人力资源价值的计量与管理对企业绩效是有影响的.人力资源的稀缺性、不易效仿和不可替代等特质,使人力资源成为公司特殊竞争利益的重要标准,并成为作用于企业绩效的主要机制.企业应采取有效的激励和约束机制,保证企业的远景、使命和发展战略与企业的绩效评价系统有效地结合起来,将企业的使命和战略转变为具体的目标和绩效评测指标,从而实现企业战略和绩效的有机结合.     

Value orientations and consumer expectations of Corporate Social Responsibility

This paper explores how personal and situational factors impact consumer expectations of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Consumer expectations are known to motivate marketers to incorporate social considerations into their marketing practices and to communicate about those actions. A study was conducted in order to examine the effect of values and issue involvement on consumer CSR expectations, categorised as economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic. The study's findings demonstrated that consumers generally have high expectations of CSR, especially in the legal and ethical‐philanthropic domains. Expectations for the ethical‐philanthropic dimension of CSR are higher amongst consumers holding high self‐transcendent values and practicing high involvement. The main implications of the study are the potential for positioning companies as socially responsible and incorporating CSR in strategic marketing and communications decisions.     

企业隐性人力资本存量价值计量方法研究

本文认为,隐性人力资本难以察觉和确认,但确实存在,同时其存量价值是不断变化的,随着员工在企业工作时间的增加,其工作经验、工作诀窍也在不断加强,而且随着岗位变化,员工隐性人力资本存量价值也会发生变化。企业隐性人力资本存量价值的计量是一个难题,理论界虽提出了许多方法,但都存在着夸大、不稳定、可操作性差等缺陷。文章以马克思“复杂劳动等于倍加的简单劳动”及微观经济学“工资等于劳动力的边际产出”的观点为基础,通过折算法计算企业隐性人力资本存量价值,能比较准确地反映隐性人力资本存量,可操作性较强,计算结果与现实情况较为接近。     

Internet Usage Within B2B Relationships and Its Impact on Value Creation: A Conceptual Model and Research Propositions

ABSTRACT

The Internet has been described as a major disruptive technology that has changed the face of B2B exchange relationships. This paper considers the Internet and its inherent ability to support value creation within business-to-business relationships. The paper outlines four key characteristics that describe the Internet's attributes relative to value creation and proposes that the Internet's effect depends upon properly aligning these attributes with the economic and relational factors driving value creation. In particular, the paper proposes a contextual relationship between Internet usage, joint action, and the resources shared between exchange partners.     

Web Marketing: Has the Distinction Between Products and Services Become Obsolete?

The marketing literature makes a distinction between products and services. We argue that, in the Internet, the characteristic features of services disappear making services more like products. Is it therefore necessary or even possible to differentiate products from services on the Internet? In this paper we review the basic assumptions about services. We show that these assumptions are no longer valid in Web-based marketing. We review the traditional service model and show that it is no longer sufficient for modeling electronic services. We propose an expanded model, the electronic marketing model, which does not necessitate the distinction between products and services. Instead, the model prompts managers to focus on the key player—the customer.     

试论企业价值观与企业形象塑造

在竞争日益激烈的市场经济条件下 ,企业形象塑造已成为众多企业制胜的法宝 ;而作为企业形象塑造核心的企业价值观 ,直接影响着企业形象的精神层、制度层和物质层等各个层面的形象塑造效果。因此 ,为了迎接WTO的各种挑战 ,中国的企业形象塑造 ,应在树立体现时代特色的科学的现代企业价值观的基础上 ,适时导入CI战略 ,打造“MADEINCHINA”的中国名牌。     

Measuring Market Orientation: Generalization and Synthesis

This paper reports on an integrative, cross-nationalstudy which synthesizes and retests work of three separate groupsof researchers who in the late 1980s developed measurementsof a firm's Market Orientation. The projects resulted in threedifferent but syntactically similar Market Orientation scaleswhich, along with other measures, were used to support substantiveconclusions, particularly those involving firm Performance. Basedon a new study of 82 managers in 27 European and U.S. companies,we show that all three scales are reliable and valid. The scalesalso seem to generalize well internationally, both in terms ofreliability and prediction of Performance. We also show thatthe scales are similar to one another in terms of various validitymeasures and in terms of correlations with Performance measures.Finally, we synthesize a 10-item scale based on a more parsimoniousdefinition of Market Orientation as: the set of cross-functionalprocesses and activities directed at creating and satisfyingcustomers through continuous needs-assessment.     

企业价值增长的评价

结合feltham-ohlson股权估价模型和增长期权的理论与方法,构建企业价值增长评价模型。对价值增长额进行度量时既考虑到了“已到位”资产水平上长期价值的增长,又考虑到未来增长机会带来的价值增长。另外,模型通过引入feltham-ohlson搭建了价值增长额与会计数据的桥梁,为投资者的投资分析提供了方便条件。     

基于价值链的团购网站分析

本文首先介绍了我国的团购网站及其行业现状,然后,在对团购网站运营流程分析的前提下,构建出团购网站的价值链。在此基础上,对团购网站价值活动的差异性进行分析。最后,提出团购网站价值链管理的若干方法。     

Measuring Consumer Sensitivity to Corporate Social Performance Across Cultures

ABSTRACT

In the context of a severe economic crisis, the objective of this research is to examine to what extent the economic crisis and austerity's measures have generated new marketing strategies in food companies. We develop a comparative analysis though multivariate analysis of variance, consisting of 10 food product categories across eight European countries, distinguishing between countries that needed financial support—the so-called rescued countries—and the countries with better economic development. Our findings show an increasingly trend toward increasing product prices and price per quantity in the rescued countries, along with an increase in the package content. Our findings suggest that food companies have been raising prices through the recession, as consumers continue to pare their spending and demand.     

Measuring Corporate Social Performance in France: A Critical and Empirical Analysis of ARESE Data

This article studies the idea of Corporate Social Performance (CSP) from a critical perspective using empirical elements derived from analysis of year 2000 ARESE data. ARESE is the French first mover social rating agency providing quantified data about the Social Performance of French companies. The paper starts out by reviewing leading CSP models and discussing problems inherent to the measurement of this construct before going on to present and analyse ARESE data - whose suitability for existing models will be discussed.     

An Investigation of Web Usage for Investor Relations

Abstract

The Web has been a growing topic of interest since its introduction into the popular culture. This study examines the use of the WEB by Fortune 100 firms to communicate to and with current and potential investors. Each firm's site was reviewed for content and currency. Also, each firm was sent an inquiry via e-mail or form to get a feel for the responsiveness of the firm. The results indicate that large firms are, for the most part, maintaining sites with extensive information content relevant to investors and they are keeping them current. There does seem to be less interest, however, in having an interactive relationship with current and potential investors.     

Measuring Corporate Citizenship in Two Countries: The Case of the United States and France

Based on an extensive review of the literature and field surveys, the paper proposes a conceptualization and operationalization of corporate citizenship meaningful in two countries: the United States and France. A survey of 210 American and 120 French managers provides support for the proposed definition of corporate citizenship as a construct including the four correlated factors of economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary citizenship. The managerial implications of the research and directions for future research are discussed.     

构建企业绿色价值链

本文认为,绿色价值链是传统价值链的拓展,是从产品设计、材料采购、产品制造、产品营销和物流、产品消费直至产品回收再生的动态闭环流程。它兼顾商业目标和绿色道德目标,把绿色产品价值和绿色社会价值纳入了价值范畴,以绿色价值最大化为目标。绿色价值链构建与管理的关键在于,充分认识其战略价值,确立绿色经营理念,实施有效的组织和制度保障。文章在系统分析了日本EPSON公司绿色价值链的管理实践后提出,转变传统观念,确立绿色经营观念,尽快构建企业绿色价值链,进行绿色化经营,不仅对企业具有战略性价值,也是建立区域乃至整个社会循环经济体系的必要条件。     

社会责任活动、社会责任沟通与企业价值

企业履行适当的社会责任是大势所趋,但目前理论与实务界对社会责任经济后果的认识存在困惑,难以指导企业的社会责任实践。企业社会责任对企业价值的影响因不同社会责任类型的收益、成本特征而异,并且社会责任价值实现受制于社会责任沟通的影响,企业应该在整体战略规划的视野里树立社会责任管理理念,对企业社会责任进行事前决策和实时的过程管理。