论银行业客户关系管理系统的构架与建设

客户关系管理(Customer Relationship Management,CRM)是在计算机与信息网络技术基础上发展起来的一种新的管理思想、管理方法和技术。客户关系管理系统的建立和应用,为企业适应消费者需求的变化、赢得市场竞争优势提供了有效的手段。本文结合银行业的特点,就银行业客户关系管理系统的开发与应用问题展开分析,并对银行业客户关系管理系统的构架进行探讨。     

Customer Relationship Management in Electronic Markets

Abstract

Customer relationship management, or CRM, has found increased attention in both the academic and managerial worlds of marketing in recent years. While the Internet has greatly enabled the application of CRM in fostering loyal customers, the preliminary results on the effectiveness and efficiency of technology-based CRM has been far from discouraging. The authors identify various contentious issues behind the various key concepts of relationship management and identify several areas that deserve closer academic scrutiny and managerial inspection. The paper also comments on the extent to which Internet technology can bring about closer relationships with a firm's customers.     

Strategic,Operational, and Analytical Customer Relationship Management

Abstract

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) means different things to different people. For some, CRM is the term used to describe a set of IT applications that automate customer-facing processes in marketing, selling and service. For others, it is about an organizational desire to be more customer focused. Others associate CRM with the capture, analysis and exploitation of customer-related data. One distinction that has been made is between strategic, operational and analytical CRM. This paper sets out to understand, conceptualize and operationalize these terms. Our research generally supports the idea of a multi-dimensional conceptualization of CRM. We develop and present an instrument, consisting of a thirteen-item scale, which can be used to assess an organization's orientation towards one or more of these three forms of CRM.     

A Measure for Companies' Customer Portfolio Management

Purpose/Contribution: Customer portfolio management (CPM) is one of the key areas of customer-relationship and network management in business markets. However, there is scant research about the implementation of this concept in business. This article contributes to this conceptually rich but empirically nascent field of CPM research by (1) conceptualizing customer portfolio management, (2) forming a measure for it, (3) validating the suggested measure, and (4) suggesting implications for future research and management.

Methodology: A CPM construct is proposed based on the synthesizing of the theory and the findings from a qualitative field study of companies' management practices. The suggested construct is formative and consists of the following four dimensions: analysis efforts, analysis design, responsiveness efforts, and responsiveness design. Hence, this conceptualization takes into account both the strength and style of companies' CPM practices. The measure is validated following Diamantopoulos and Winklhofer's (2001) Diamantopoulos, A. and Winklhofer, H. 2001. Index construction with formative indicators: An alternative to scale development. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(2): 269–277. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] guidelines for developing formative measures. Together with the content validity established in the conceptual phase of the research, the results from a cross-industry survey of 212 companies give support to the construct validity of the suggested CPM measure. Partial least squares modeling is applied in validating the measure.

Implications: This study gives an extensive, up-to-date review of customer portfolio management and provides measures for future research on companies' CPM practices and performance. Further, the theory and the field study highlighted several central topics that should be addressed in future CPM studies. The resulting managerial implications derive from the discussion on the key aspects of developing CPM practices in business.     

饭店客户关系管理的价值链研究

本文从我国本土饭店客户关系管理现状出发,借用波特的价值链思想,深入分析饭店客户关系管理中的基本活动和辅助活动,以寻求能切实有效地提高饭店客户关系管理水平的途径。其中,文章提出了饭店客户关系管理的价值链模型,并对客户关系管理的基本活动中的客户价值分析、客户获取、客户保留、客户升级和客户联盟构建等主要环节进行了详细阐述,同时也分析了辅助活动中包括领导、组织结构、人力资源管理、组织文化和信息技术等在内的相关影响因素。     

第三方物流导入客户关系管理系统的探讨

客户关系管理系统作用强大,但在第三方物流企业中的应用较少。中国第三方物流企业可从企业的业务模式与运作流程复杂化程度、企业运营架构和流程的改造与适应程度、获取客户信任以及处理客户信息的能力等方面,对导入客户关系管理系统的可行性进行分析,并注意文化观念误区、流程改造困难、企业能力不足等问题,通过确立合理的项目实施目标、转化和调整企业的管理观念、保持顺畅的沟通以及赢得内部各级员工的理解和支持等措施,尽快建立客户关系管理体系,从而确立和巩固在与国外同行竞争中的相对优势。     

CRM中主动利用信息不对称性的客户服务模式研究

应用四种客户服务模式,阐述了客户服务涉及的相关主体、各主体间的信息流以及信息的不对称性,参考前人的相关研究成果,综合考虑企业客户服务流程以及客户服务担负的辅助决策功能,建立了包括虚拟客户服务中心、终端客户、中介组织和管理层辅助决策支持四部分的客户服务模式,以降低企业的综合客户服务成本,提高终端客户、内部客户、服务中介组织以及供应商的忠诚度和满意度。     

Measuring Customer Relationship Management Performance

Abstract

The concept of CRM has evolved into an inherent component of the sales processes of most medium-sized and large companies. However, despite the high costs involved, the quality of its implementation has hitherto been neglected. To provide the conceptual qualitative CRM control that is lacking, we have developed a measuring instrument that allows the evaluation of the activities in the three core CRM domains, namely interaction, insight and offer. We pilot-tested the tool in an automotive industry setting and the results reflect the CRM status quo achieved by twelve national and foreign brands.     

基于客户认知价值的CRM战略

客户需求的多样化 ,个性化 ,客户经验的成熟化为企业提出了服务敏捷 ,优质 ,准确的高标准要求。以“客户为中心” ,一切以满足客户需求为目标的客户关系管理 (CRM)战略正是解决这一问题的重大管理决策。但CRM战略的实施不仅是从企业一方出发 ,最大可能地为客户创造需求。而且因为客户的最终价值是从其获得的总价值中扣除为获得产品或服务所支付的成本而享有的最终感受。因此 ,基于客户对企业产品或服务价值的看法或需求 ,选取适当的营销方式 ,明确相应的CRM战略是客户关系管理战略成功的关键。     

基于数据挖掘技术的企业客户关系管理(CRM)

由于竞争的全球化、需求的拉动和管理理念的更新,使客户关系管理(CRM)得到产生和发展。面对企业海量的数据,如何从其中发现有价值的知识和规律是企业急需解决的难题。数据挖掘技术为此提供了工具和途径。在了解CRM的概念和框架、数据挖掘的各种技术后,还必须了解数据挖掘在CRM中的应用流程和应用的业务领域。     

Customer Relationship Management: A Strategic Perspective

Over the last decade and a half Customer Relationship Management (CRM) has developed into an area of major significance. However, there is considerable confusion in the academic and managerial literature about what is meant by CRM and how if differs from relationship marketing. Further, despite heavy investment by organizations in CRM, there is extensive reporting of CRM’s failure to achieve anticipated results in the literature. This article reviews the conceptual differences between CRM and relationship marketing and defines these terms. It argues that, in many organizations, CRM failures have occurred through a lack of strategic focus. Key strategic issues are identified. A CRM Strategy Matrix is presented which considers the strategic context of companies and the implications for the development of their CRM strategies. Four alternative approaches towards building customer relationships are identified and migration paths between them are reviewed. Implications for implementing CRM strategy and future research are discussed.

商业银行客户关系管理系统(CRM)发展问题的研究

商业银行由于经营模式的变化,迫切需要加强CRM的使用研究。商业银行客户关系管理在我国应用前景广阔,我国商业银行实施CRM战略的系统确之“以客户为中心”的经营思想,使企业以更低的成本和更高的效率最大化地满足客户需求,并最大限度地提高企业的整体经济效益。     

The impact of technological and organizational implementation of CRM on customer acquisition, maintenance, and retention

In recent years, customer relationship management (CRM) has been a topic of the utmost importance for scholars and managers. Despite the evidence provided by numerous empirical studies, many companies that have implemented CRM systems report unsatisfactory levels of improvement. This study analyzes what influence companies can expect CRM implementation to have on performance and how they can leverage its impact. The authors propose a conceptual model that investigates the link between technological and organizational implementations, as well as the implementations' interactions with management and employee support and CRM process-related performance. By measuring CRM performance in terms of the initiation, maintenance, and retention of customer relationships, the study provides a detailed picture of what CRM implementations are capable of achieving. The results of the empirical study, conducted across four industries and ten European countries, indicate that CRM implementation does not impact performance equally for different aspects of the CRM process, and that it has an impact only if adequately supported by the appropriate company stakeholders.     

Examining the Impact of Customer Relationship Management on Deconstructed Measures of Firm Performance

The aggregate measures frequently used to evaluate customer relationship management (CRM) performance may mask the true impact of CRM activities and make it difficult to tease out which activities might be helping (or hurting) the relationship capabilities of the firm. We posit that examining the impact of CRM on individual firm performance indicators provides better diagnostic value for managers. To test our hypothesis, we examine the impact of 6 CRM activities on 4 dimensions of firm performance and compare the results with the impact of the same activities on a composite score of the 4 dimensions. As expected, the pattern of regression coefficients is different between the equation with composite performance as the dependent variable and each of the remaining 4 equations. Managerially speaking, our results provide direction for marketing and customer managers in decision making related to prioritizing CRM activities. Theoretically speaking, they imply that researchers should consider examining the impact of CRM on individual performance dimensions as well.     

客户关系管理的研究现状、不足和未来展望

本文认为,企业实施客户关系管理的动因主要有顾客角色的变化与交换双方权力的转移,超强竞争环境,营销管理重心的转变以及互联网等通讯基础设施与技术的蓬勃发展等四个方面。目前客户关系管理研究中的主要问题是狭隘地理解客户关系管理,仅仅将其看作是一种管理软件;顾客权益的内涵尚不明确;尚未找到一种能够平衡顾客价值与企业价值的绩效评价方法;对顾客知识的研究基本空白等。文章还指出了未来客户关系管理研究的四大主要领域,即顾客权益合理内涵、评价方法与驱动因素及其在CRM中的应用;顾客价值的内涵多维动态评价体系、创造机制与驱动因素;顾客知识管理模型与数据挖掘技术的运用以及价值导向型客户关系管理的实施流程与竞争能力等。     

Determining Relationship Quality in the Development of Business-to-Business Financial Services

ABSTRACT

The quality of relationships built with customers during the New Service Development (NSD) process is a current concern of researchers in relationship marketing (and NSD) and is particularly important in a highly competitive environment characterised by rapidly changing customer needs like the one of financial services. The primary relationship analyzed in relationship marketing is the one between seller and buyer, but the focal type of relationship for new product and service development is the one termed “the knowledge relationship” (Gummesson 2002), a relationship used to create knowledge. This paper reports the results of in depth qualitative research on the factors that impact on the quality of such relationships developed between new service developers and their customers during the NSD process of business-to-business financial services. Results show that the most important factors that affect relationship quality are: communication quality of the relationship; the development of strong relationship bonds; the quality of relationship partners; a strong customer orientation in NSD based on a proactive approach of relationship partners during the NSD process, and proficiency in knowledge brokering.     

Designing a Predictive Performance Measurement and Control System to Maximize Customer Relationship Management Success

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) performance measurement is reviewed with two main intentions: (a) to encourage theoretical and empirical research and (b) to provide a useful predictive measurement system that is easy to implement. Special emphasis is placed on Balanced Scorecard methodologies as measurement systems to both evaluate and predict CRM performance. The use of a Balanced Scorecard (BSC) methodology to design CRM predictive performance measurement and control systems (PMCS) may provide several benefits to firms since (a) it reduces the risk and the uncertainty associated with the decision-making processes related to a CRM strategy and (b) it provides a strategic resource to the development of competitive advantages. The article concludes by proposing an holistic measuring system in the CRM field, including accountable, leading, repeatable, and linked metrics over the following areas and dimensions: strategy (business orientation, business atmosphere, and competitive strategy); resources (financial, human, and technological), business processes (integration and innovation); products and services (superiority and product/company synergy), customers (prospective and current); and external factors (competition and market).     

基于三维客户分类价值体系的客户关系管理研究

针对基于客户价值矩阵的客户类型划分方法的不足，本文提出三维价值评价体系，除客户价值和客户潜在价值之外，将企业自身相对优势作为第三个变量指标，并通过模糊综合评价判断出各指标的价值高低，借助三维价值体系图，将客户分为八类，同时本文针对这八类客户的不同特征，提出了相应的资源配置及价值提升策略，从而帮助企业培养更强的客户导向意识，引导企业业绩改善的方向。     

Organizational characteristics and the CRM adoption process

The purpose of this study is to identify the status of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) adoption and explore the influence of organizational characteristics on the CRM adoption process in the Korean fashion industry. Using Rogers' [Rogers EM. Diffusion of innovation. New York: Free Press; 1995] innovation decision process model as the conceptual basis, this study surveyed 94 Korean fashion companies to investigate the persuasion, decision, and implementation stages of CRM adoption. Organizational variables included firm characteristics (size, strategy, maturity of information system), product characteristics (category, fashion position, seasonality), and CEO characteristics (age, education). The most frequently used CRM technology is the development of a customer database, whereas the mostly frequently mentioned benefits of CRM are encouraging repurchase. Moreover, respondents' perceptions of CRM benefits affect CRM adoption, influencing the use of various CRM technologies. Organizational strategy, maturity of information system, and product category all significantly influence the adoption process. Empirical findings provide further support for the innovation decision process model developed by Rogers [Rogers EM. Diffusion of innovation. New York: Free Press; 1995] and the CRM adoption model can be used when fashion companies do strategic planning and evaluate the possibility of adopting CRM strategies.     

Trust,Satisfaction and Loyalty in Customer Relationship Management

SUMMARY

In an attempt to increase customer loyalty amid increasingly competitive business environments, organizations are looking to customer relationship management (CRM) to help provide a solution. In spite of CRM failure rates cited as being as high as 70%, organizations continue to invest hundreds of thousands of dollars on CRM implementations. Attempts of past research to resolve why failure rates are so high have tended to focus on technological factors such as database integration or factors internal to the organization such as system adoption or organizational culture. While these areas are important, reactions of customers may also play a role. This paper uses justice theory to investigate the potential impact that customer involvement in a CRM implementation may have on customer loyalty. Propositions are provided to guide future research.