Real Estate Fund Flows and the Flow-Performance Relationship

Convexity in the flow-performance relationship of traditional asset class mutual funds is widely documented, however it cannot be assumed to hold for alternative asset classes. This paper addresses this shortcoming in the literature by examining the flow-performance relationship for real estate funds, specifically open-end, direct-property funds. This investment vehicle is designed to provide the risk-return benefits of private market real estate and is available to retail investors in many countries across the globe. An understanding of fund flow dynamics associated with this investment vehicle is of particular interest due to the liquidity risk associated with holding an inherently illiquid asset in an open-end structure. Our analysis draws on the theoretical foundations provided in the literature on mutual fund flows, performance chasing, liquidity risk, participation costs and dynamics across market cycles. We focus on German real estate funds from 1990 to 2010 as this is the largest market globally and there is a high level of confidence in the data. The results show that real estate fund investors chase past performance at the aggregate level and the relationship between flows and relative performance is asymmetric (i.e., convex) at the individual fund level. Fund-level liquidity risk tends to weaken convexity, while sensitivity increases with higher participation costs. We find the flow-performance relationship varies across time, though our interpretation is asset and investment vehicle specific. The implications are applicable to investors and fund managers of open-end, direct-property funds and, more broadly, other alternative asset funds where the underlying asset may not be liquid.     

Performance Chasing,Fund Flows and Fund Size in Real Estate Mutual Funds

Real estate mutual funds have grown dramatically in number, size, scope and assets under management over the last 15 years, but little assessment is evident. The present study addresses this limitation. Better prior period performance is associated with greater shares of fund inflows for a period. Returns, however, are negatively associated with increased fund flows and fund size. Investors chase past performance limiting fund managers’ ability to optimize investments. Under normal market conditions, but departing from typical mutual fund performance, real estate mutual fund returns generally exceed relevant benchmarks on a before expenses basis and match benchmark returns after expenses. The ability to meet and exceed benchmark returns, however, does not hold during the financial crisis period. Overall, more established funds are shown to have higher returns while fund turnover is not a determinant of returns.     

Mortgage Put Options and Real Estate Markets

In this paper we offer direct evidence that financial intermediation does impact underlying asset markets. We develop a specific observable symptom of a banking system that underprices the put option imbedded in non-recourse asset-backed lending. Using a dataset for 19 countries and over 500 real estate investment trusts, we find that, following a negative demand shock, the “underpricing” economies experience far deeper asset market crashes than economies in which the put option is correctly priced.

房地产贷款中的信息不充分及其风险

房地产市场价格波动之所以能够引起银行房地产信贷损失,甚至导致金融市场和宏观经济不稳定的后果,原因是由于房地产抵押贷款中存在的测不准风险或不确定性。本文从信息不充分的视角,提出了房地产抵押贷款中的测不准风险的定义,并分析了测不准风险的特性、形成原因和特殊后果。本文认为,减少或消除不必要的不可预见和不可描述的不确定性可能是管理房地产抵押贷款违约风险,提高贷款配置效率的最好途径,这对于分析房地产市场价格波动与金融市场、宏观经济的互动关系,防止房地产价格波动对金融业和宏观经济的冲击至关重要。     

金融风险与房地产抵押评估

20世纪80年代日本的泡沫经济、东南亚90年代末期的金融危机有一个共同点，即银行持有的大量坏账是房地产相关贷款，这些坏账对银行体系的崩溃起到了推波助澜的作用，由于在这些国家银行体系占主导地位，最终导致了金融体系的危机。这一现象使人们意识到一国的房地产业与金融风险密切相关，房地产市场的发展状况对金融体系的稳定性有着重要的影响。     

虚假房产按揭合同引发不当得利返还纠纷案及启示

基本案情2003年1月2日,张荔与大宏公司签订《商品房买卖合同》,约定张荔向大宏公司购买定门大厦3层007商铺,总价款3716240元,买受人以分期付款方式按期付款,在2003年3月前支付全部房价款的10%,2003年4月前支付全部房价款的10%,2003年5月前支付1972992元,余款100万元向银行申请按揭等内容,刘佩作为大宏公司的委托代理人在合同上签名。同月19日,A银行与张荔、大宏公司签订《住房抵押贷款合同》,约定A银行     

二手房贷款中介市场问题解析

贷款中介服务在提供消费者便利的同时,由于存在各种违规操作现象,从而带来许多负面效应。本文通过对贷款中介服务市场存在的问题进行分析,提出相关对策。     

房地产抵押评估应关注的几个问题

随着金融体制改革的深化,各商业银行为降低自身的信贷风险,大都在推行以房地产抵押为主的抵押贷款.如何在房地产抵押中合理地对房地产价值进行评估,为抵押双方提供一个可靠的价值依据,从而保证金融部门的资金安全,保障抵押人应得的经济利益,已成为价值评估行业的一个重要课题.本文拟就房地产抵押的性质、抵押的客体范围、抵押标的权属以及评估中应关注的其他问题谈一些看法.     

Alpha and Persistence in Real Estate Fund Performance

This paper investigates whether fund managers investing in the direct real estate market can systematically and persistently deliver superior risk-adjusted returns. The research that has been published has typically focused on the performance of managers trading public real estate securities. Our study draws on a unique data set of commercial real estate funds collated by the Investment Property Databank (IPD) in the United Kingdom, covering up to 280 funds over the period 1981 to 2006. The widespread finding is that very few managers appear to be able to generate excess risk-adjusted returns. Furthermore, there is little evidence of performance persistence in either fund returns or risk-adjusted fund returns.     

论住房抵押贷款支持证券的法律风险

住房抵押贷款证券化是一项结构复杂的金融创新,涉及诸多法律问题。本文结合我国住房抵押贷款证券化的金融生态环境,探讨了投资者面临的假按揭风险、抵押物处置风险和房贷险等法律问题,提出了完善相关法律金融制度的建议。     

浅析住房抵押贷款证券化

住房抵押贷款证券化是房地产证券化的一种形式,浅述了住房抵押贷款证券化的涵义和国外的经验,对我国住房抵押贷款市场的局限性进行了分析,阐述了推行住房抵押贷款证券化的必要性和可行性,并重点对我国进行住房抵押贷款证券化提出相应的对策和建议。     

海外资本淘金中国房地产

从近两年出台的一系列政策看,政府对整个房地产行业发展的泡沫化趋向颇为担心,并一直采用宏观调控的方法试图提高行业进入门坎,以使这个行业在更为纯净的环境中健康发展。而另一方面,海外资金投资中国房地产的热度却一路攀升     

商业银行不动产抵押价值类型选择研究

不动产抵押是商业银行一种重要的信用风险缓释工具,加强抵押品的价值认定管理对商业银行风险控制具有重要作用,而价值类型是抵押资产价值评估的基础.目前抵押价值类型主要有三种不同观点:市场价值类型、抵押贷款价值类型和清算价值类型.本文重点对上述三种观点进行界定和区分,明确了商业银行不动产抵押价值类型选择原则,指出当前适合商业银行风险管理要求的抵押价值类型应为市场价值类型.     

住房按揭保险促香港房地产业健康发展

近年来,我国房地产市场发展中出现了供给结构不合理、房价上涨较快的问题。国家宏观调控措施一般仅从调整供给方 (如土地和信贷)入手,使得这些问题未能从根本上得以解决。从调整需求出发,借鉴香港经验,引进住房按揭保险制度不仅有利于解决上述问题,而且会促进我国房地产金融市场的深化发展。     

房地产信托投资基金和金融发展与创新

本文在介绍房地产信托投资基金基本内容的基础上,结合有关金融发展和创新的理论,指出REITs既是金融发展与金融创新的结果,同时也进一步促进了金融自身的发展,促进了社会资源配置效率的提高。     

广州房地产按揭行业的历史演进及未来趋势

通过文献整理和行业专家访谈,本文对广州房地产按揭行业的产生与发展的历史脉络进行了系统梳理,首次提出广州房地产按揭行业发展经历了准备期、萌芽期、成长期、调整期和发展期等五个历史阶段,并对每一历史时期的代表性事件进行了阐述。以此为依据,对当前广州房地产按揭行业存在的突出问题进行了分析,指出房地产按揭证券化、互联网技术应用、批发按揭和共建按揭行业生态圈是广州房地产按揭行业未来发展方向。     

房产税税率、房产税收入与房地产税制度设计

基于房产税税率对房产税收入影响理论,运用数理模型,依据沪渝两市自然数据,考量房产税税率变化对房产税收入的影响.结果显示:房产税税率对房产税收入具有重要影响.若提高上海市房产税税率,房产税增收效果更明显;若下调重庆市房产税税率,房产税增收效应更显著.鉴于此,未来房地产税立法改革思路:一是坚持房地产税税负不增加;二是平衡好房地产税立法与其他收费制度的关系;三是统筹税制改革的协同推进;四是兼顾房地产税的地方财政属性;五是谨慎推进.同时,应遵循税收法定原则、地方财政原则、公平原则、确实原则、渐进原则和结构性调整原则.此外,在制度设计方面,纳税人的设计要体现财产税性质,征税范围要涵盖农村,课税对象要包括存量住房,税率要体现差异性,计税依据要由市场价格评估值确定,税收优惠要兼顾免税面积和特殊人群.     

住房信贷业务流程中“假个人按揭”的制度防范

快速发展的房地产业给商业银行的住房消费信贷业务带来了前所未有的机遇。但随着住房消费信贷业务的迅猛发展,各银行所暴露出来的风险点也越来越受到重视。主要问题多出现于开发商为套取银行资金的假个人按揭以及为此律师事务所开立的虚假个人收入证明上。银行对此稍有不慎,便有可能让呆坏账吞噬去其所产生的利润。因此,银行必须对此项业务采取审慎的态度,以控