自主创新战略导向的产业基金:必要性及运行机制研究

自主创新战略是国家发展战略的核心。目前我国还没有建立起较为完整的支持创新战略实施的融资体系。文章从国家自主创新战略的角度,对建立自主创新战略导向的产业基金设立的必要性进行了论述,并从基金的组织形式、投资机制、融资机制、退出方式、风险及补偿机制、费用及收益机制六个方面对该基金的运行机制进行了探讨。     

区域自主创新科技投入体系构建的政策建议

提高自主创新能力、建设创新型国家是国家发展战略的核心。2008年国际金融危机的爆发,再次证明自主创新对区域经济发展的重要意义。而科技投入作为一种战略投资,是衡量一个国家或一个地区科技进步与发达程度的重要指标,是区域自主创新的重要保证。本文在分析区域自主创新科技投入特点的基础上,研究了当前区域自主创新科技投入面临的挑战,提出了新形势下我国区域自主创新科技投入体系构建的政策建议。     

技术突变下企业自主创新战略定位方法研究

从企业环境优势和创新能力维度,构建了技术突变下企业自主创新战略定位的分析矩阵;应用模糊综合评价法,对建立的企业自主创新的环境优势和创新能力指标体系进行了定量综合评价;从而构建了一套技术突变下企业自主创新战略定位的有效方法,进而运用该方法对我国17家比较有代表性的有生物制药业务的企业进行实例评价和战略定位。     

政府构建创新环境机制的国际经验借鉴

政府在国家创新体系中具有重要的地位,是自主创新的重要组织者,对此,国外有许多我们可以借鉴的成功机制。在国家创新体系中,政府通过制定扶持性法规、培养科技人才、制定前瞻性发展战略、推动合作机制、增加资金投入等手段,构建良好的自主创新环境。这些机制与经验对我国政府推动自主创新发展具有积极的借鉴作用。     

我国农业生物产业国家自主创新体系构建研究

随着世界农业生物产业竞争的加剧,各国纷纷构建自身的国家自主创新体系以应对挑战。首先分析国家自主创新体系对当前我国农业生物技术创新和产业发展的重要性,然后从总体上构建了适合我国国情的“一体多翼双力”的国家自主创新网络体系,并围绕自主创新环节具体构建了知识技术创新、知识传播、制度保障、创新服务４个子体系。     

关于商业银行适应《企业内部控制基本规范》的思考

一、我国内部控制规范发展阶段及商业银行内部控制体系构建进程20世纪90年代以来,我国金融监管部门一直在不断探索建立符合我国金融机构特色的内部控制规范体系,引导和促进金融机构建立健全有效的内部控制,提高风险控制能力。内部控制规范的发展经历了三个主要     

提高我国自主创新能力的思考

本文依据当代经济发达国家经济社会发展经验的总结,并从我国当前全面建设小康社会的客观需要出发,分析了提高自主创新能力在国家经济社会发展战略中的核心地位,提出构建体制基础和科技基础以及营造生态环境,是推行自主创新战略的基本措施。     

自主创新政策的国际经验与借鉴

发达国家十分重视建立适合本国经济发展的自主创新体系,并在实践中不断加以调整和完善,形成从教育和研发投入、企业技术创新、创新风险投资到提高企业出口能力等一整套较为完整的自主创新体系。通过对其他先进国家自主创新政策的比较研究,为我国自主创新政策的制定和完善寻找可鉴之处,对支持和促进我国自主创新活动具有一定的现实意义。     

评榜规则

榜单介绍 自主创新是我国一项关系到全局的战略性课题,是建设创新型国家的必由之路.党和国家已经把自主品牌、自主创新与自主创新能力建设、产业结构提升提高到国家发展与国际竞争的战略高度.     

"十五"期间我国科技发展三大战略转移

面对加入WTO后对科技的影响，我国适时调整了＂十五＂期间科技发展战略。主要从以下三个方面实现战略转移。１．从跟踪模仿到自主创新。跟踪模仿学习别人技术，这是所有后发国家都遵循的一条模式，日本、韩国的技术发展轨迹也是这样。日本在这点上做得最充分，日本充分利用２０     

解析次贷危机中美元升值之谜

针对次贷危机中的美元升值这一传统理论无法解释的现象,即美元升值之谜,分别从次贷危机的引发机制、美国政府为维护美元霸主地位的言论导向、国际资本流动、美国与其他西方国家经济实力对比四个方面作了解释,得出了一些规律性认识并以之来指导我国外贸企业。     

加拿大应对金融危机促进科技发展的新举措

为应对经济危机,2009年加拿大政府推出经济行动计划,把投资科技创新作为主要手段之一,增加51亿加元投资科技,增加1亿加元支持中小企业实现技术商业化和雇用新毕业大学生,投资20亿加元支持大学加强科研基础设施,增加12．5亿加元投资创新基金,扩大研究生奖学金计划,增加资助硕士生和博士生继续学业。加大对汽车和航空航天业的研发投入支持,加强环保与清洁能源,卫生与生命科学,信息通信等领域的科技优势,实现了增加就业。改善科研条件,吸引人才,取得加快经济复苏和促进科技发展的良好效果。     

Trillions gained and lost: Estimating the magnitude of growth episodes

An increasingly large literature in the empirics of growth has viewed economic growth as an ‘episodic phenomena’. We propose a new technique for measuring the total magnitude of a growth episode: the change in output per capita resulting from one structural break in the trend growth of output (acceleration or deceleration) to the next. Our method allows us to quantify the amount of income gain and loss during growth accelerations and growth decelerations. We show that the income gains and losses are staggering in magnitude, often multiples of the level of income at the start of the growth episode. The top 20 growth accelerations have a net present value (NPV) magnitude of 30 trillion dollars—twice the US GDP. The top 20 growth decelerations account for 35 trillion dollars less in NPV of output. What explains such ‘staggering’ gains and losses in income over relatively short periods is the key question that future research on economic growth should try and address.     

“U-Taiwan计划”及其出台的原因分析

在"e-Taiwan计划"、"m-Taiwan计划"的基础上,台湾地区最近又出台了"u-Taiwan计划",3年内(从2008年起)将列支160亿新台币.该计划目的是希望将台湾地区在信息通信技术(ICT)领域的优势扩展到社会领域,建设优质的网络社会.本文较为详细地介绍了该计划出台的沿革、计划内容等,并分析计划出台的原因,以期了解台湾地区ICT下一步发展的动态.     

Dollarization and the inflation threshold

Abstract.  Empirical evidence suggests non-linearity in the impact of inflation on financial intermediation and real activity. Evidence also suggests that high inflation affects financial intermediation through the substitution of dollars 'under the mattress' for savings in domestic banks. We model an economy where inflation and real activity are positively related at low levels of inflation. However, when the inflation rate exceeds a threshold, agents substitute dollars for deposits issued by domestic banks, reducing the scale of financial intermediation and investment. As a consequence, at high levels of inflation, capital stock and output become negatively related to the inflation rate.     

An evaluation of the efficiency of Québec's school boards using the Data Envelopment Analysis method

In this paper the efficiency of Québec's school boards during a period of severe cutbacks in their finance is examined. Using Data Envelopment Analysis, the average efficiency is found to be relatively high. In spite of this, potential savings could be achieved if school boards were fully efficient. Results were found to depend heavily on school boards’ socio- economic conditions, thus they were subjected to Tobit analysis and the boards’ corrected efficiencies recalculated. It is concluded that inefficiencies cost 800 million dollars of which 200 million dollars come from unfavourable socio-economic conditions.     

A Retrospective Look at Wholesale Gas: Industry Restructuring

The purpose of this paper is to identify lessons learned from the restructuring of the natural gas industry. We draw a number of conclusions including that the billions of dollars of savings typically attributed to gas industry restructuring resulted not from competition but because restructuring stranded billions of dollars in contractual purchase obligations, costs that were absorbed by producers and pipelines. The replacement of regulated wholesale merchants by new entrants did not occur because of competitive efficiencies. Competition in wholesale gas marketing has produced consumer benefits in the form of innovation, new product development, broader choices and possibly reduced costs. Bi-lateral contracting led to the development of gas markets, which in turn, produced market-wide diffusion and integration of pricing information.     

对当前提高中国黄金储备规模的思考

自20世纪70年代以来,黄金在国际储备中的地位被主权货币所取代。但近年来,随着美元对国际主要货币汇率的频繁下挫和当前为应对金融危机所采取的定量宽松政策,以美元为主要外汇储备形式的国家面临严重的汇率风险损失和实际资产缩水,提高黄金储备规模由此受到广泛关注。对此,在深入分析全球黄金储备变动情况的基础上指出,一国只有根据其外汇储备的管理目标、风险偏好以及对经济发展长期走势的判断等因素来具体选择增持黄金储备资产的规模和时机并采取科学、审慎、灵活的管理策略,才能实现缓解外汇储备风险、维护国民财富安全的目的。     

美联储金融监管体制、影响及其启示

长期以来,美联储从本国利益出发制定经济监管政策,在美国和世界经济体系中创造了过量的信用,导致美元在全世界泛滥,美国人放弃储蓄,过度投资和消费;美国主体经济从制造业转向了非出口服务业;美国的债务,不管是从国家角度还是从个人角度都达到了前所未有的高度,这一切最终演变成了这次全球金融危机.对于中国这样的经济大国,一定要从中吸取教训,扬长避短,并建立科学发展的核心价值观.     

Hospital nursing costs, billing, and reimbursement

Nursing intensity, estimated direct nursing costs, and daily billing were compared for 12 adult medical or surgical units at an academic medical center from January 1 to May 31, 2005 (22,649 patient days). Two main findings, nursing intensity and direct nursing costs, were highly variable within and across each of the study nursing units (mean 429 dollars, SD 160 dollars); direct costs of nursing care were significantly higher for private room rates compared to intermediate room per diem charges billed at a higher rate (441 dollars vs. 426 dollars, F 37.77, p < 0.001). The results demonstrate that the direct costs of nursing care are not aligned with current billing practices at this university hospital. The use of fixed room and board charges to account for nursing care in U.S. hospitals may be obsolete and an alternative nurse-centric costing, billing, and reimbursement model is proposed.