生产性服务业集聚的绿色发展效应检验

基于2004～2019年省级面板数据,实证检验生产性服务业专业化集聚与多样化集聚的绿色发展效应,结果显示：整体而言,生产性服务业的两种集聚与产业自身绿色发展之间存在倒“U”型关系。进一步采用空间模型研究发现,专业化集聚对周边生产性服务业绿色发展的空间溢出效应呈倒“U”型,而多样化集聚的影响显著为负。此外,分地区检验发现：东部地区生产性服务业专业化集聚的影响与整体结果一致,而多样化集聚起直接推动作用;中部地区两种集聚的影响均呈倒“U”型,但各省专业化集聚水平已接近甚至突破了拐点;西部地区仅有专业化集聚的影响显著并呈“U”型,区域内各省仍在曲线左侧,尚未发挥出推动作用。     

中国数字化产业竞争力的区域差异与影响效应

本文从规模优势和发展潜力两个维度,提出数字化产业竞争力的测度方法,并以中国上市公司企业数据为基础,探讨区域层面的差异特征;利用半参数模型,从区域与行业双重层面,探究技术创新在数字化产业竞争力提升进程中的影响效应。研究发现：首先,当前中国数字化产业竞争力显著提升,但整体上呈现出由东部沿海向西部内陆递减的阶梯化分布特征,差异突出体现在规模优势层面。其次,技术创新对数字化产业竞争力的提升整体上存在倒U型影响效应,且表现出区域和行业差异。一方面,不同于东部地区,技术创新在中西部地区对数字化产业竞争力发挥着显著的正向推动作用;另一方面,不同于数字化服务业,技术创新对数字化制造业竞争力提升具有持续驱动效应。进一步分析表明,数字化制造业和数字化服务业耦合协调度处于较低的非均衡性状态。     

区域制造业空间效应及生产性服务业发展模式选择

通过空间计量模型考察生产性服务业发展模式与制造业集聚的空间溢出效应后发现:生产性服务业专业化水平及多样化水平与制造业集聚呈倒U型关系,同时城市化水平会对服务业发展模式与制造业集聚关系产生影响。分区域模型研究发现,生产性服务业对制造业全要素生产率影响因区域经济发展水平、产业层次、要素禀赋等因素有所差异,东部地区制造业全要素生产率与生产性服务业呈线性关系,适合选择多样化发展模式;中部地区呈倒U型关系,现阶段中部地区生产性服务业更适合选择多样化发展模式;西部地区生产性服务业发展水平与制造业全要素生产率呈正U型关系,生产性服务业专业化和多样化发展都将促进制造业全要素生产率提升。     

政府支持、产业集聚与高技术产业技术创新

产业集聚是促进高技术产业技术创新的重要途径,政府支持能够推动产业集聚,并影响产业集聚与高技术产业技术创新之间的关系。运用2000~2016年高技术产业省级面板数据进行实证研究,检验产业集聚对高技术产业技术创新的影响以及政府支持对该关系的影响。研究发现,专业化集聚与集群内竞争与技术创新间存在倒“U”型关系,多样化集聚与技术创新间存在“U”型关系,政府支持会放大产业集聚在不同水平下对技术创新的影响。从选取的样本来看,多数产业处于专业化集聚和集群内竞争拐点的左侧,东部地区部分产业接近或跨过多样化集聚水平的拐点。     

中国GDP出口分解及贡献新测度

基于全球价值链分解方法,构建国家层面和产业层面GDP出口分解框架,分析中国出口对GDP及GDP增长的贡献和变化机制。研究发现,中国国家层面和产业层面出口对GDP及GDP增长的贡献均呈现先增后减的倒“U”形特征。制造业贡献起主导作用,需要巩固传统优势,培育新优势;占国内生产总值比重较大的服务业贡献相对较小,需要进一步提升国际竞争力;贡献的变化主要是基于产业增加值出口比重的增长,产业结构变动产生了一定的阻碍作用。     

互联网发展可以缓解服务业成本病吗?

文章从产业技术条件异质性影响相对生产率的服务业成本病传递逻辑视角出发,基于2006—2018年30省市的面板数据,探讨了互联网发展对服务业成本病的影响。研究发现：首先,互联网发展应用与服务业成本病呈“倒U型”,在拐点之前互联网加剧了服务业成本病,但加剧程度不断缓解;在拐点之后互联网发展进一步深化对服务业成本病产生直接的“治愈”作用。其次,互联网发展加速提升服务业生产率并缩小工业与服务业生产率差距、促进制造业与服务业融合是互联网发展缓解服务业成本病的内在机制。最后,缓解作用主要集中在东部地区,而在中西部地区并不显著;主要集中在人口高集聚度地区,而在人口低集聚度地区并不显著;在东部地区与人口高集聚度地区“倒U型”曲线拐点右移,更多地区的互联网发展表现出对成本病的抑制作用。基于此,提出加快优化布局工业互联网、利用“新技术群”创造新业态、完善产业间互联网平台搭建等政策建议。     

中部六省生产性服务业竞争力评价研究

生产性服务业对区域经济发展,尤其对制造业转型升级具有举足轻重的作用。当前,中部地区处于经济快速成长期,但产业发展总体质量较低,尤其是生产性服务业的发展层次相对较低、竞争力不强,已经成为制约中部崛起的严重瓶颈。文章借助Topsis法改进的因子分析模型,选取2010-2014年中部地区重点涉及的18个核心城市的生产性服务业的面板数据,构建了以生产性服务业综合竞争力为研究对象的评价模型,并进行了定量研究。结果表明,2010-2014年的5年间,中部地区18个核心城市的生产性服务业综合竞争力存在较大差距,以武汉、长沙、郑州为代表的省会城市综合竞争力较高,半数以上城市与最优方案接近度较小,综合竞争力较差。归结其影响因素主要有,生产性服务业在产业结构中占比较低,并存在科技落后、人才短缺等问题。为此,中部各城市需要强优势补短板,并借助区域联动战略的牵引实现整体提升。     

全球科技创新中心的产业结构特征——来自美国34个大都市区的证据

全球科技创新中心的建设离不开城市已有的产业基础支撑,城市本身的产业结构特征在很大程度上影响着全球科技创新中心的发展路径。基于2005~2014年美国大都市区的产业数据,采用区位熵与灰色关联度分析的研究方法来研究美国创新城市的产业结构特征,以美国城市的经验研究来给中国建设全球科技创新中心提供借鉴与指导。结果表明:(1)创新城市的信息业、金融业、专业和商业服务业相比美国其他区域更具比较优势;(2)在创新能力一般的城市,制造业展现出比较优势,创新能力越强的城市,其信息业表现得更有优势;(3)信息业在创新城市中发展比较平衡,制造业、专业和商业服务业以及政府则表现出较大差异;(4)创新城市之间产业结构的相似性正在逐渐减弱,表明创新城市逐渐转向根据区域特色来发展城市经济。     

产业结构转型中徐州生产性服务业与制造业关系研究

生产性服务业发展已成为当代产业结构升级和产业竞争力水平的一个重要标志。从产业演变的角度看,生产性服务业与制造业的关系越来越密切,表现为相互作用、相互依赖、共同发展的动态的协调发展关系。徐州具有较好的工业基础,但现代服务业发展特别是生产性服务业的发展相对滞后。实现徐州产业结构升级转型,就是要加快推进徐州生产型服务与传统优势工业的协同发展步伐,从而推动徐州制造业的健康快速发展。     

供应商关系、市场化进程与商业信用

以2008—2018年我国沪深两市A股制造业上市公司数据为样本,研究了供应商关系与商业信用之间的关系。结果表明:供应商关系与商业信用之间表现为倒“U”型关系,即供应商关系存在一个阈值,在到达阈值前供应商关系的加深能够促进企业获得商业信用,超过阈值后供应商关系则会对企业取得商业信用产生负面影响。进一步考察市场化进程在其中的调节作用之后发现,这种倒“U”型关系在市场化程度低的地区敏感性更强。研究丰富了供应链关系对商业信用影响方面的文献,为认识和理解上市公司的融资行为提供了一些借鉴,也为政府进一步推进市场化改革提供了依据。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Export Composition and Manufacturing Employment in the US during the Economic Downturn of 1991-92

This paper examines the effect that export composition had upon manufacturing employment in the US during the 1991 recession. Although it takes, on average, approximately $66 000 in exports to create one job, the exact gains in terms of total employment depend upon the labour-intensity of the products being exported. Foreign sales by the chemical and textile industries result in a far greater increase in employment than exports by the petroleum refining or steel industries. This analysis estimates the employment effects of manufacturing exports over the 1989-95 period, utilizing an input-output model to capture both direct and indirect effects. The results demonstrate that export composition has, at times, both strengthened and reduced demand for labour. Consequently, if job-creation is a national goal, it may be in the interests of the US to promote exports from sectors that are labour-using.