区域制造业空间效应及生产性服务业发展模式选择

通过空间计量模型考察生产性服务业发展模式与制造业集聚的空间溢出效应后发现:生产性服务业专业化水平及多样化水平与制造业集聚呈倒U型关系,同时城市化水平会对服务业发展模式与制造业集聚关系产生影响。分区域模型研究发现,生产性服务业对制造业全要素生产率影响因区域经济发展水平、产业层次、要素禀赋等因素有所差异,东部地区制造业全要素生产率与生产性服务业呈线性关系,适合选择多样化发展模式;中部地区呈倒U型关系,现阶段中部地区生产性服务业更适合选择多样化发展模式;西部地区生产性服务业发展水平与制造业全要素生产率呈正U型关系,生产性服务业专业化和多样化发展都将促进制造业全要素生产率提升。     

信息技术扩散、生产性服务业集聚与制造业全要素生产率

信息技术的扩散和应用能够便利地区和企业之间的联系与沟通,突破资源配置的地域隔阂和刚性约束,增强知识和技术溢出效应,推动生产性服务业集聚和服务型制造业发展,进而提升制造业全要素生产率。本文基于生产性服务业集聚区分析信息技术扩散推动制造业全要素生产率提升的作用机制,构建测度信息技术融入生产性服务业集聚区的衡量指标,利用DEA方法测度制造业全要素生产率变动情况,并采用2003—2016年中国30个省级区域的面板数据对信息技术扩散、生产性服务业集聚与制造业全要素生产率之间的关系进行实证检验。研究结果表明,信息技术扩散能够推动生产性服务业集聚;信息技术在生产性服务业集聚区的融入程度越高,制造业全要素生产率就越高,二者之间呈现正相关关系。加快推进网络基础设施建设,实现网络互联互通,普及计算机知识,提升信息技术的普及和应用程度,能够推动生产性服务业集聚发展,进而提高制造业全要素生产率,推动制造业转型升级。     

制造业产融结合、资本配置效率与企业全要素生产率

推动制造业与金融服务业深度融合,有助于制造业转型升级和经济高质量发展。本文利用2009—2018年制造业上市公司数据,实证考察产融结合对企业全要素生产率的影响机制。结果表明,与控制组相比,产融结合对制造业企业全要素生产率提升具有显著的促进作用;异质性研究表明,相对国有企业、规模较大的企业而言,非国有企业、中小企业产融结合对全要素生产率的影响更为明显。进一步分析发现,产融结合增强企业投资对投资机会的敏感性程度,由此促进企业资本配置效率的提升,这表明产融结合通过资本配置效率驱动企业全要素生产率提升。研究结论为推动中国产融结合、提升全要素生产率、实现经济高质量发展提供了政策依据。     

长三角地区服务业全要素生产率的测算（2003年-2011年）--基于Malmquist指数法

院文章基于Malmquist 指数法,测算了长三角地区服务业全要素生产率（TFP）指数.研究结果表明（1）2003-2011年长三角地区服务业TFP 指数年均值为0.997,其中上海市服务业TFP 指数为1.023;（2）长三角地区服务业增长态势趋缓,服务业增长率与TFP 指数变动呈高度正相关;（3）技术进步是提高服务业全要素生产率的主要因素.长三角地区产业结构逐渐向服务经济转型,应依靠技术进步,鼓励创新,提高服务业生产率,促进服务业的长期健康发展.     

生产性服务业集聚对制造业企业全要素生产率提升研究

研究目标：考察城市生产性服务业空间集聚对微观制造业企业生产效率提升的影响。研究方法：采用OP方法测度了制造业企业生产率,采用面板模型和工具变量法进行了实证检验。研究发现：相对于专业化集聚,生产性服务业多样化集聚对城市制造业企业全要素生产率提升效果更明显;低端生产性服务业空间集聚对制造业企业生产率的提升作用更加显著;城市生产性服务业空间集聚对国有制造业企业效率提升的作用大于非国有企业;生产性服务业空间集聚对中小城市企业全要素生产率的提升作用效果不明显。研究创新：将空间集聚外溢效应的衰减指数纳入城市生产性服务业空间集聚指标设定之中,考察了不同城市规模和产业层级下生产性服务业空间集聚对微观企业生产效率的差异性影响。研究价值：为企业全要素生产率提升的供给侧改革提供了一个新的视角。     

数字经济赋能中国制造业全要素生产率的效应测度及路径分析

推进数字经济与制造业深度融合、提升数字经济赋能制造业全要素生产率,已成为推动中国制造业高质量发展的重要路径。本文利用2003—2020年中国制造业省级面板数据,通过构建随机前沿全赋能效应模型,运用反事实分析方法,分析数字经济对中国制造业全要素生产率的赋能效应及作用路径。研究结果表明：数字经济对制造业全要素生产率具有明显的赋能效应,这种效应主要通过技术进步、技术效率和规模效率三条路径实现,其中,通过技术进步赋能制造业全要素生产率为主要作用路径。异质性检验结果表明,在合理化、高级化程度较低的地区,数字经济对制造业全要素生产率的赋能效应较大,而赋能技术效率的效应相对较小;在市场化水平较高的地区,数字经济与制造业深度融合,着力发挥数字经济对技术进步赋能作用,使得数字经济深度赋能制造业全要素生产率的效果更为明显;数字经济对南方地区制造业全要素生产率的赋能效应更为显著。为进一步提升数字经济赋能中国制造业全要素生产率,促进制造业高质量发展,应大力推进数字经济与制造业融合。     

科技金融对区域绿色全要素生产率影响的实证研究--基于全局DEA数学统计方法

提升绿色全要素生产率是实现高质量发展目标的关键措施。论文利用全局DEA数学统计方法,重点实证分析了科技金融对区域绿色全要素生产率的影响。研究认为:科技金融对区域绿色全要素生产率的提升具有显著促进作用。东部地区科技金融对绿色全要素生产率的提升效应大于中部地区,且中部地区的科技金融对绿色全要素生产率的提升效应大于西部地区。     

高校科研产出对城市全要素生产率的影响研究

基于2007-2016年间城市单元的面板数据,考察高校科研创新产出对城市全要素生产率的影响机制和作用方向。研究结果表明:(1)科技经费投入对全要素生产率有正向的促进作用。(2)高校科研产出存在异质性,不同类别的科研产出对全要素生产率的影响不一样:论文发表数量对全要素生产率的影响显著为正;技术成果转让收入对全要素生产率有正向的促进作用;专著数量不利于提高城市全要素生产率。(3)高校科研产出对全要素生产率的影响主要集中在城市层面,或者主要集中在地市的非农产业,高校科研产出对于广大农村地区和农业的发展作用有限,甚至是消极的抑制作用。(4)在所有高等院校当中,本科层次的科研产出对城市全要素生产率的促进作用更大。     

服务贸易开放能否提高制造业生产率

本文首先梳理了服务贸易开放促进制造业生产率提升的路径：种类效应、数量效应、价格效应和资源再配置效应。其次,从服务贸易数量和服务业对外开放政策两个角度构建了服务开放对制造业各行业的开放渗透率,用DEA 曼奎斯特（DEA Malmquist）指数法测算制造业分行业全要素生产率（TFP）,以2004—2011年28个制造业行业面板数据为样本进行了实证研究。结果表明,两种指标度量下,服务贸易开放均显著促进了制造业全要素生产率的提高。分组回归模型显示,劳动密集型行业和资本密集型行业的服务开放生产率效应显著存在,技术密集型行业则不然。本文认为,在制造业与服务业发展失衡,制造业产业升级需求紧迫的情况下,适度推进服务开放进度,有利于制造业生产效率的提高和产业升级目标的实现。     

制造业集聚对改进城市碳全要素生产率的影响研究

提高碳全要素生产率是有力推进“碳达峰”“碳中和”工作的重要抓手，是城市低碳化发展的重要途径。基于2003—2019年中国城市数据，研究制造业集聚对城市碳排放全要素生产率的影响及其作用机制。基准回归结果表明，制造业集聚显著抑制了城市碳全要素生产率的提高。异质性分析表明，制造业集聚的抑制作用在数字经济发展水平较高地区变得不再显著。宏观机制研究表明，制造业集聚抑制城市碳全要素生产率的原因主要在于其对碳技术效率和碳技术进步的抑制，在匹配城市土地出让数据的基础上，制造业集聚扩大了土地供给面积、提高了土地成交价格，导致集聚拥挤效应凸显，阻碍知识溢出，不利于提高城市碳全要素生产率。微观机制分析表明，在匹配企业微观数据后，制造业集聚显著抑制了企业绿色发明专利数量的增加，损害了碳全要素生产率增长的微观基础。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.