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1.
We study optimal government policy when firms' operations involve a risk of a large environmental accident, firms do not have sufficient assets to cover such costs, and the risk is affected by firms' efforts which are unobservable to outsiders. When firms' profits and government revenues have equal weights in the social welfare function, a first best can be implemented and requires that the firm be subsidized heavily when operating with no accident, and all its assets confiscated in the event of an accident. With a lower weight on firm profits the solution is always second best, with lower subsidies to the firm, and a firm effort lower than at the first-best solution. When firm investments affect both the required accident-preventing effort for given risk and the work effort required for a given output, the first best never involves specific investment subsidies, while a second-best solution generally always does.The paper is part of the research project Environmental policy under asymmetric information', at the SNF Centre for research in economics and business administration, Department of Economics, University of Oslo. I thank, without implicating, Mikael Hoel, Jean-Charles Rochet, Jean Tirole, and two anonymous referees for helpful comments on a preliminary version.  相似文献   

2.
从经历中学习是组织学习的重要方面。从科学、严谨的研究范式出发,结合东方传统的阴阳哲学思想,基于时间维度提出了包含学习主体、经历样本、成功失败经历集、学习主体特征、知和行等要素的组织从过去经历中学习的模型,并对相关问题进行了探究。具体包括:学习主体从经历中学习的认知特性;不同类型经历对应的不同学习方法,成功经历和失败经历对学习效果的差异性影响,经历集影响知和行的7种自动的和有意的学习方式;知与行相互转化及其触发机制;客观世界从时间和空间两个维度客观展开的观点等。该系统模型为未来研究提供了理论框架和实证检验方向。  相似文献   

3.
    
This article examines the intra-industry market reaction to successive environmental accidents associated with Sinopec and PetroChina in China. Evidence indicates that a significantly negative intra-industry reaction occurred after these accidents. Furthermore, intra-industry firms with ex-ante environmental disclosures experienced a less negative reaction after successive accidents. Specifically, the mitigating effect of ex-ante environmental disclosures has certain extent of time delay, which differs from the immediate impact of ex-ante environmental disclosure within the context of developed countries.  相似文献   

4.
在环境管制加强和环保运动发展的推动下,西方一些大型企业纷纷建立了环境管理战略,并对外报告经营活动的环境影响和环境业绩。推动西方环境报告的主要力量有法律和政府管理部门的规范、联合国及其他国际组织的协调、会计职业界的贡献和先导企业的努力等四个方面。我国企业环境报告的规范与研究应借鉴西方经验,加强政府部门的协调,积极参与国际协调,引导和鼓励先导企业的报告行为,加强跨学科和跨部门的联合攻关与研究。  相似文献   

5.
梳理和比较了近10年来国外基于认知、经验、社会网络和能力4个视角的创业者创业学习研究的相关成果.研究发现:创业学习研究正从单一视角研究走向多视角融合研究,强调参与社会互动的重要性.  相似文献   

6.
荣健  刘西林 《技术经济》2016,(12):13-20
基于组织学习和企业成长理论,利用来自科技创业企业的问卷数据,构建了回归模型实证分析组织学习、先前经验对科技创业企业成长的影响。结果显示:探索式学习与利用式学习各自会对科技创业企业的成长产生影响,但同时开展两者对科技创业企业成长的影响并不显著;引入先前经验后,双元学习对企业成长的正向作用显著提升。建议科技创业企业在成长中采取顺序双元学习模式,且应做好先前经验与学习方式的合理匹配。  相似文献   

7.
Ahmad Ismail 《Applied economics》2013,45(26):3770-3777
We study a sample of 6503 UK acquisitions completed between 1985 and 2004 and control for previous deals similarities. Returns for frequent acquirers decrease constantly but they remain positive through high-order deals. We do not detect an improving pattern of returns but, at best, a stable one when the deal is settled for cash. Using ‘characteristics-based’ experience variables, our multivariate analysis shows that the acquirers’ returns are unaffected by prior acquisition experience. However, we find solid evidence for acquirers drawing inferences from prior experience in designing the method of payment, selecting the organizational form of the target firm and engaging in focused acquisitions, which is consistent with learning through acquisitions. The results are robust to various consistency checks.  相似文献   

8.
利用问卷调查数据,通过回归分析实证研究了创业经验与创业能力的关系以及学习能力在两者间关系中的中介作用和网络技术对两者间关系的调节作用。研究结果表明:创业经验与创业能力显著正相关;学习能力在两者间关系中起完全中介作用,网络技术起调节作用。  相似文献   

9.
    
This article investigates how distortions in oil contract allocation can alter a government official’s decisions and shows that corruption enlarges the parameter space over which multinational oil companies win the contract against the smaller companies. It is found that corruption superficially creates an equilibrium outcome that looks efficient even when it is not, and diminishes the official’s concern for environmental damage by weighing damage to the public less and oil revenues more. Sensitivity analyses show that for all levels of environmental damage and corruptibility, multinational oil companies always win the contract. An important policy implication is that corruption distorts optimal decisions and causes oil contract allocation decisions to be based primarily on monetary benefit than social welfare.  相似文献   

10.
    
One conclusion from the knowledge-based view is that firms develop knowledge from experience. This paper examines the conditions under which firms’ R&D experiences might have stronger or weaker effects on innovation capabilities. We posit that any potential benefit depends on the nature of this experience. In particular, we look at how technological area experience and experience diversity affects innovation capabilities. We further propose that, in order to leverage their experience, firms need to consider how the interactions of technological area experience and experience diversity affect performance. To test this model, we draw on a data set of 3034 drug development projects undertaken by 30 large pharmaceutical companies between 1980 and 2008.  相似文献   

11.
将创业者的学习模式(探索式学习和利用式学习)和创业能力引入创业者先前经验(创业经验、职能经验和行业经验)对创业绩效的影响路径中,建立了一个有中介的调节模型,探索创业者的先前经验对创业绩效影响的作用机理。利用来自362位创业者的问卷调查数据,运用层次回归方法验证研究假设。得到如下结论:创业者先前的创业经验和行业经验对创业绩效有显著的正向影响;探索式学习正向调节了创业者先前的创业经验对创业绩效的影响;利用式学习正向调节了创业者先前的创业经验和行业经验对创业绩效的影响;创业能力对创业学习的调节作用具有完全中介作用。  相似文献   

12.
    
ABSTRACT

This paper examines the relationship between energy innovations, environmental policies and oil prices. With a panel of 19 OECD countries over the period 1990–2013, we test how the stringency of environmental policies has affected the intensity of energy patents, while controlling for the effect of oil prices and other country-level variables. We found that the overall level of policy stringency has exerted a more significant impact than individual country measures. Moreover, the recent reduction of energy patenting is discussed, especially in the light of the staggering drop of oil prices.  相似文献   

13.
企业环境管理一直是环境经济学、环境管理学和环境生态学的研究热点,诸多学者对引起企业环境管理由被动向主动转换的原因进行了深入探讨,但对这一转换过程的研究则相对缺乏。文章参考了哈尔默(Halme)对典型案例企业环境管理的研究,并在网络获取更多相关资料的基础上,从自组织方法论视角,深入探究案例企业环境管理从他组织向自组织转换的具体过程,并对其组织转换过程进行归纳与总结,最后提出了积极推进企业环境管理组织转换的政策建议。  相似文献   

14.
陈谢辉  游春 《技术经济》2008,27(4):116-121
针对我国转型期城市发展过程中出现的住宅小区共享资源治理困境,从业主预期结构入手,考察住宅小区共享资源治理模式。通过对非可控的样本观测数据进行计量分析,得出结论:业主的“独立承担资源损益的预期”与“资源支配权的自我归属预期”之问能保持其偏好的逻辑关联,但“资源支配权的自我归属预期”与“共享资源自我治理模式选择的预期”没有显著的逻辑关联,即偏好发生变化;而通过模仿学习经历,业主能够达到和谐的认知状态,使得三类预期之问建立一致的逻辑关系。因此,要形成减轻政府财政负担的自我治理模式,必须让业主认识到自身的治理主体地位。  相似文献   

15.
我国矿山环境的治理现状与前景   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
文章根据全国矿山地质环境调查与评估成果资料以及典型矿山环境治理工程的实地调查,初步分析总结了我国矿山环境的治理现状和主要经验,并对我国矿山生态环境的治理前景进行了预测和展望.文章分三部分:(1)我国矿山环境存在的主要问题;(2)我国矿山环境治理现状和经验教训;(3)对我国矿山环境治理的前景展望.  相似文献   

16.
百货商场顾客消费观念日趋体验化,通过让顾客在商场购物时获得独特的购物体验吸引顾客、愉悦顾客、留住顾客成为百货商场获得长期发展的关键。消费体验的关键要素可分为广告涉入体验、环境体验、服务体验、情感体验五类。百货商场消费体验应重在细节化管理,通过差异体验留住顾客。  相似文献   

17.
    
Using a difference-in-difference approach, we test the causal link between environmental disasters and mental health indicators in rural areas of Peru by exploiting the spatial variation in exogenous oil spills and the differences in their timing for the period 2014 to 2018. We find that, after controlling for time-varying controls and year fixed effects, oil spills lead to a significantly higher probability of suffering psychological distress. We also explore likely mechanisms that explain this causal impact. Finally, we present an event study and apply robustness tests that further support our findings.  相似文献   

18.
    
In 2001 and 2002, the Korean government rewarded around $3 to civilians who photograph and report violations of traffic rules. This so-called ‘car-parazzi system’ was such a success with well over 4 million cases reported until its abolition. Our empirical results found that the car-parazzi system was much effective in significantly reducing the death tolls by traffic accidents.  相似文献   

19.
利用782个中国企业样本的数据,通过回归分析探讨了组织学习能力对企业绩效的影响以及双元性创新在两者间的中介作用。研究结果显示:企业提高组织学习能力可在财务绩效、人力资源绩效和创新绩效3个方面获得相应回报;双元性创新在组织学习能力与企业绩效之间起部分中介作用;环境动态性在组织学习能力、双元性创新与企业绩效三者间起到正向调节作用。  相似文献   

20.
中国煤矿事故频发的博弈解释   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
煤矿事故的频发问题,已经成为我国构建和谐社会和实现经济社会可持续发展的瓶颈,也是公共政策部门以及相关学术界关注的重点问题之一.本文从博弈论的视角出发,基于中央政府、地方政府、煤矿企业、矿工四个博弈主体的利益考虑,通过中央政府与地方政府、地方政府与煤矿企业、煤矿企业与矿工之间三组博弈的分析解释,分析论述了我国煤矿事故产生的根本原因,并提出了完善煤矿安全治理、降低煤矿事故率的政策建议.  相似文献   

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