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1.
This article empirically evaluates the impact of product innovation on firms’ markup and productivity. Based on a large sample of Chinese manufacturing firms, we estimate firm-level markup using the wedge between output elasticities of intermediate input and its cost share in total revenue. Firm productivity is measured as revenue productivity and adjusted with the estimated markup. The results suggest that product innovation increases firm-level markup and revenue productivity. However, the effect of product innovation on the adjusted productivity is mostly negative or insignificant. The observed relationships also vary in response to market structures. Our results indicate that the positive impact of product innovation on revenue productivity is mainly driven by price-cost markup changes rather than physical productivity improvements. Our study suggests the widely observed positive relationship between product innovation and revenue productivity should be interpreted with caution. 相似文献
2.
In this article, we show that the recent financial crisis has significantly affected the potential total factor productivity (TFP) of the four largest euro area economies, as well as that of the rest of the euro area. We used a reduced-form equation of TFP, based on an approach recently developed by Cahn and Saint-Guilhem (2010). Our empirical findings show that the permanent impact on potential TFP varies across countries from –3.9 points to –1.3 points in Q2 2012. When these losses are incorporated, TFP gaps develop closely in line with capacity utilization rates (CUR). Moreover, in the case of France, including CUR in our TFP model improves the quasi-real-time reliability of TFP gap estimates. 相似文献
3.
邱引强 《技术经济与管理研究》2009,(6):88-90
本文从分析生产力的基本职能出发,揭示出随着生产力的发展,劳动生产率的提高会越来越多地释放出生产就业者,日益发达的生产能力会生产出超过人们购买能力的产品(含服务品)。这里主张将这些剩余的人力物力用于学习就业,反过来学习就业又可以进一步推动生产力发展,形成互为促进的积极意义。然而,市场经济并不能自动将这些剩余的人力物力配置到学习就业上,以改革传统的财政收入方式,增强社会再分配能力来发展学习就业事业就成为我们可供选择的路径。 相似文献
4.
Peter Abelson 《Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy》2011,30(4):443-454
The Commonwealth Grants Commission’s recommended allocation of some $45 billion of GST (VAT) revenue annually to the states and territories is heavily influenced by its estimate of their revenue‐raising capacity, which it argues is primarily a function of the value of a jurisdiction’s tax bases. This paper argues that a jurisdiction’s revenue‐raising capacity is primarily a function of the real household disposable income of residents after allowances for major cost‐of‐living differences, such as housing and journey‐to‐work costs, and tax exportation (the ability to tax non‐resident income). Using this measure of revenue‐raising capacity, we find that the CGC methodology significantly underestimates the real revenue capacity of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and Victoria and significantly overestimates the capacity of Queensland and Western Australia. The paper provides numerical estimates of the differences. The paper concludes that the principles on which the CGC determines the distribution of billions of dollars of funds are flawed and should be reformed. 相似文献
5.
The Malmquist Productivity Index and Plant Capacity Utilization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A new decomposition of the Malmquist productivity index is proposed to account for changes in plant capacity utilization. Using a primal, non-parametric specification of technology, the Malmquist index is decomposed into technical efficiency change, variations in plant capacity utilization and frontier shifts. It provides an alternative to the available methods of incorporating capacity utilization changes into measures of productivity change. Such measures are based on parametric (and, in many cases, dual) technology specifications; moreover, they typically do not allow for technical inefficiency.
JEL Classification C 61; D 24 相似文献
JEL Classification C 61; D 24 相似文献
6.
Starting from existing static decompositions of overall economic efficiency on nonparametric production and cost frontiers, this article proposes more comprehensive decompositions including several cost-based notions of capacity utilization. Furthermore, in case prices are lacking, we develop additional decompositions of overall technical efficiency integrating a technical concept of capacity utilization. These new efficiency decompositions provide a link between short and long run economic analysis and, in empirical work, avoid conflating inefficiency and differences in capacity utilization. An empirical analysis using a monthly panel of Chilean hydro-electric power plants illustrates the potential of these decomposition proposals. 相似文献
7.
我国商业银行收益结构转型对经营效率的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
商业银行收益结构转型是我国商业银行实现可持续经营的重要一环。文章应用随机前沿分析(SFA)方法,构建超越对数产出距离函数,对我国12家代表性商业银行的技术效率和全要素生产效率指数进行分析,以此阐明收益结构转型与商业银行效率和生产效率指数之间的关系,并提出新形势下处理好支持经济发展、推动金融创新与提高银行竞争力和自身效率之间关系的政策建议。 相似文献
8.
Measuring labor and capital services accurately is essential to obtaining reliable estimates of production functions and total factor productivity (TFP) growth. Using data on the operating time of capital, a series that exists for the French business sector, greatly improves the measurement of effective capital services in production. The ensuing estimation results are consistent with Cobb–Douglas technology under constant returns to scale, with the factor elasticities not statistically different from their income shares. In the same framework, TFP growth is estimated as a latent variable and found to be less volatile than accounting residuals, negatively correlated with employment, and free of cyclicality. It is statistically best estimated as a first-order autoregressive process, with an autoregressive coefficient of 0.95. Total factor productivity growth was estimated to have declined steadily between the mid-1970s and mid-1990s, but the rate of decline has diminished since then. 相似文献
9.
This article provides a simple equilibrium model of a futures market. Since the futures market is a zero sum game, some firms will, in equilibrium, end up being ‘speculators’ who bet against ‘hedgers’. We show it is firms that have high initial capital and/or poor production opportunities that are the most likely candidates to bet against the hedgers. In equilibrium, these groups earn a premium in order to provide this insurance so that speculating increases value. We also provide some results that imply an inverted U shaped relationship between trading volume and the level of futures prices. Empirical evidence from the S&P futures contract provides strong empirical support for this theoretical result. 相似文献
10.
The lack of individual firm information on output prices is a major problem in the econometrics of production. In particular, it may be expected to account for a significant share of the large discrepancies found between the cross‐sectional and time‐series estimates of capital and scale elasticities. However, taking advantage of two panel‐data samples for which we had such information, we find that estimating the revenue function (using a nominal output measure) or the production function proper (using a real output measure) makes very little difference for our results. The biases due to other sources of specification errors are probably more important. 相似文献
11.
James Kirkley Catherine J. Morrison Paul Dale Squires 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2002,22(1-2):71-97
Excess capacity poses one of the most pressingproblems that arise when industries exploitcommon-pool natural resources. It
entailsover-investment in the capital stock andexcessive use of variable inputs, and placesadditional exploitation pressures
on theresource stocks. Confusion persists over theappropriate definition and measurement ofcapacity and capacity utilization
for theseindustries. But understanding capacity and itsmeasurement is necessary to properly design acapacity management program.
This paperaddresses these issues by overviewing theconceptual and theoretical bases for capacityand capacity utilization measurement,identifying
specific problems for common-poolresources, outlining alternative methodologiesfor their measurement, and illustrating the
useof these definitions and measurement methods ina fisheries case study. 相似文献
12.
Omer Gokcekus 《Empirical Economics》1998,23(4):561-571
This study empirically tests the hypothesis that trade liberalization increases capacity utilization. It calculates capacity utilization for the Turkish rubber industry by using a production theory framework. More specifically, plant-level capacity utilization levels are calculated using a Generalized Leontief cost function system. Capacity utilization levels were low but improved when the trade regime shifted from a restrictive to a more liberalized one. The size and location of plants were two significant factors which created capacity utilization differences within the industry. However, capacity utilization levels appeared to improve primarily because of trade liberalization.Also, a scholar-in-residence, Department of Economics, Duke University. My particular thanks go to Patrick Conway, Marjorie McElroy, Edward Tower, participants of the International Economics Workshops at Duke University, and the anonymous referee for helpful suggestions. Any errors are mine. 相似文献
13.
In this paper, we develop a new and at the same time simple method of obtaining a measure of the rate of capacity utilization (CU) which makes use of the structural vector autoregression (SVAR) system of equation estimating technique with long‐run restrictions. The measure of CU that we derive for each of 14 EU countries replicates to a great extent the European Commission's Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (ECFIN) measure. On closer examination we find that the in‐sample explanatory content with respect to the inflation rate of the SVAR measure exceeds more often than not that of the ECFIN's measure; however, the out‐of‐sample forecasting performance of the two models is approximately equivalent. 相似文献
14.
中国经济已经进入高质量发展的转型升级周期,经济转型期是推动并购重组的内在动力,也是并购高发期.基于2013—2017年中国上市制造业企业面板数据,通过构建系统广义矩估计和双向固定效应计量模型,从产出和投入两个视角,实证分析技术并购对企业创新持续性影响.研究表明:①国内上市制造业企业创新存在持续性,企业更注重创新投入的持续性,企业创新产出持续性呈波动性变化且部分企业未能实现增长;②技术并购对企业创新持续性存在显著正向影响,吸收能力在技术并购与创新产出持续性和投入持续性间起到积极中介作用,利用能力仅在技术并购与创新投入持续性间起到积极中介作用;③大企业的吸收能力和利用能力的中介效应更为显著.因此,企业在通过技术并购提高企业创新持续性的同时,也要注重企业的知识吸收能力和利用能力的提升,从而保障技术并购成效,提高企业创新持续性. 相似文献
15.
使用2001—2011年我国省际面板数据,测算了我国30个省(自治区、直辖市)的产能过剩程度,进一步实证检验了地方政府的税收竞争对产能过剩的影响。结果表明:产能过剩主要出现在重工业领域;地方政府的税收竞争加剧了重工业的产能过剩程度,其中增值税竞争的影响大于总税收竞争和企业所得税竞争的影响,地方政府税收竞争的滞后影响大于当期影响;在中、西部地区,地方政府的税收竞争对重工业产能过剩的影响更为显著。指出:减弱地方政府的税收竞争有利于缓解我国产能过剩问题。 相似文献
16.
全流通作为现阶段中国股市结构调整的核心,对股市整体收益有负面冲击,然而调整越早,负面冲击越小。交易税费、公司分红和新筹资金对全收益率的贡献随着全流通的推进有所变化,但是新筹资金对于收益分布始终具有决定性影响。 相似文献
17.
We examine the heterogeneous productivity impacts of hiring top workers on small and medium-sized enterprises, exploiting matched employer–employee panel data and employing within-firm as well as matching and difference-in-difference estimators. The results provide robust evidence that the productivity impact is stronger for firms with higher absorptive capacity. Technological laggards within an industry benefit more strongly from hiring top workers if their workforce is more well-educated. 相似文献
18.
We define and quantify for the first time over-credit at the firm level, which refers to the case in which the amount of bank credit that a firm obtains exceeds its expenditure on corporate investment for the year. Then, we explore how over-credit affects corporate investment to determine whether credit expansion in China is consistent with the principle of finance serving the real economy. The results show that over-credit promotes firm investment, and this effect was enhanced by the housing boom. However, the effect of the property market reversed after 2012, owing to China’s economic transition from a quantitative to a structural mismatch between supply and demand. Finally, we explore how over-credit affects the capacity utilization ratio and whether it has aggravated the overcapacity problem in China. The results show that over-credit reduces firms’ capacity utilization ratio. This finding indicates that excessive credit expansion has exacerbated the overcapacity problem in China. 相似文献
19.
Many African economies have experienced rather dismal industrial development since the 1980s. The consensus is that African firms lack competitiveness in a world with increasing trade openness. What determines competitiveness? A well‐known explanation is that resource endowments in Africa favour land not labour, which results in high wages, especially in comparison with ‘labour abundant’ Asian economies. This paper examines the validity of this view on the basis of the case of Sudan. We demonstrate that the lack of competitiveness of manufacturing industries is not caused by high wages. Assuming a direct relationship between labour productivity and international competitiveness, we argue that acute capacity underutilisation, caused by supply‐side constraints, lowers manufacturing productivity, which in turn negatively influences competitiveness. 相似文献
20.
Using three datasets of French manufacturing firms, this article studies the role of trade openness, in relation with the cycle, as a determinant of company margin rate. Margin rates increase as capacity utilization tightens (and vice versa), reflecting the procyclicality of margin rates. However, high import rates are limiting this procyclicality: when capacities are tight, domestic producers may not be able to serve demand, but foreign producers may substitute for them if they are already present on the market as reflected by the level of import rates. 相似文献