Conflict and Commensuration: Contested Market Making in India's Private Real Estate Development Sector

Newly constructed high‐rise housing and malls, soaring land prices and violent confrontations over land testify to the massive urban transformations underway in India today. Having secured an expanded role in urban development from the state, the private sector helps to shape urban restructuring; however, few scholars have studied private real estate development in India or revealed the factions that underlie an analytically unitary ‘private sector’. This article sheds light on private sector real estate industry members' efforts to develop an internationally familiar real estate market in India. Foreign investors and consultants have been collaborating with Indian real estate developers, who are now active intermediaries in the flow of capital into India. Drawing on participant observation and data from interviews, this article finds, however, that foreign financiers and Indian developers struggle to form partnerships on account of differences on issues like land valuation. The outcome of such conflicts will define the contours of Indian real estate development and its integration with international markets in the future.     

房地产项目开发设计阶段成本控制管理研究——以某房地产公司A项目为例

文章从对房地产开发设计阶段成本控制的重要性出发,在影响该阶段成本控制管理的因素的理论背景下,以某房地产公司A项目在设计阶段管控中出现的问题为例,提出A项目设计阶段优化策略以及房地产开发设计阶段成本控制管理的建议,以提高设计质量和进度水平,从而有效控制设计成本和整个项目的成本,进而完善设计阶段内部控制体系的建立。