创新技术敲开市场大门——访浙江佳力科技股份有限公司董事长龚政尧

浙江佳力科技股份有限公司是国家重点高新技术企业，主要生产“佳力”牌系列防爆电动叉车以及用于石油、化工行业的各类泵、阀门、燃气设备，拥有15万平方米的生产制造基地，总资产达4亿元。佳力科技拥有浙江省级技术中心、省级研发中心，专业技术力量雄厚，并在德国设立了跨国研发机构。     

The international volunteering market: market segments and competitive relations

• The number of nonprofit and social agencies relying on the help of volunteers has grown enormously in recent decades. This has lead to increased competition between these organisations for the limited resources available, and the growing adoption of what have traditionally been considered ‘commercial’ business techniques such as marketing. There have been calls for greater and more sophisticated use of ‘tried and tested’ marketing concepts such as competition, segmentation and positioning to help volunteering organisations manage this pressure effectively. This study shines the spotlight on individuals who volunteer for multiple types of organisations in an effort to determine which organisations are competing for the same volunteers. More specifically:
• Factor analyses are computed and four segments of volunteers are identified: ‘altruists’, ‘leisure volunteers’, ‘political volunteers’ and ‘church volunteers’;
• Positioning maps are constructed to illustrate the proximity of each organisation type in relation to key competitors; and
• Detailed profiles are provided for each segment to provide insight into the nature of the groupings.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Radical HRM innovation and competitive advantage: The Moneyball story

Moneyball (Lewis, 2003), a New York Times bestseller, is a book about baseball. When read through a broader lens, however, Moneyball is also a book about innovation, resistance to change, competitive advantage, achieving excellence, and, of most relevance here, human resource management. While many would agree that the radical innovation described in Moneyball represents a “new vision of management” in baseball, this article describes how Moneyball lessons might contribute to a “new vision of HRM” in various types of organizations. The focus of the article is on what HR executives and scholars can learn from the Moneyball phenomenon. More specifically, the authors address a number questions related to the Moneyball story that have relevance to successfully implementing HRM innovations; these questions have to do with overcoming resistance to the implementation of radical innovation and how HRM innovation can contribute to sustainable competitive advantage. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

经营城市:功能导向与制度创新

在我国市场化改革日益深入的条件下 ,在全球化浪潮中 ,面对城市化快速发展 ,地区竞争日益激烈的挑战 ,经营城市必须由资金导向转向功能导向 ,以实现城市资源资本在容量、结构、秩序和功能上的最大化与最优化 ,城市建设投入和产出的良性循环以及城市的可持续发展。在此过程中 ,政府必须在经营城市中发挥积极的作用 ,促成市场行为和政府行为的有机结合 ,并积极推进功能导向的城市经营制度创新 ,从而实现城市经营模式的战略转变。     

Assessment of decision-making regarding market entry/exit for technology innovation

Based on the real options approach, this work intends to assess a firm’s strategy regarding the decision-making of either entering the market which requires technology innovation or leaving the market without technology innovation. Moreover, this work applies the discounted factor to discuss the intervals among different decision values and evaluate the relative timeframe with respect to the project values. Hence, this study intends to provide a mathematical model to assess the entry and exit thresholds in respect of the most optimum technology innovation for maximizing the firm value.     

The influence of the competitive landscape on cross-functional interactions between procurement and engineering

This study assesses the extent to which a firm's external environment shapes the cross-functional interactions between procurement and engineering, utilizing an embedded multiple-case study methodology. In summary, we found that high environmental ambiguity discourages procurement-engineering mutual understanding. High environmental uncertainty with moderate ambiguity, on the other hand, appears to foster both mutual understanding and inter-functional collaboration. Overall, procurement personnel are more optimistic than engineering personnel regarding the performance results stemming from cross-functional integration. Additionally, increasing job tenure for procurement personnel leads to a higher level of perceived integration with engineering, while engineers with longer job tenure report see less value in collaborating with procurement, often creating an asymmetric power distribution with engineering taking a dominating role.     

The nonlinear effect of green innovation on the corporate competitive advantage

This study uses Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) to explore the nonlinear relationships between green innovation performance and corporate competitive advantage. The result indicates that green innovation performance has the nonlinear effect on the corporate competitive advantage. If companies hope to enhance their competitive advantages through green innovation, they must check their green innovation performance in advance. If their green innovation performance is low, they can obtain competitive advantages through the increase of the green innovation performance; however, if their green innovation performance is high, they can not necessarily obtain competitive advantages through the increase of the green innovation performance.     

技术创新提高企业市场竞争能力

加速技术创新是企业面对市场竞争的唯一出路。文章论述技术创新的重要性和企业如何建立及完善创新人才机制，开发人才资源，调动科技人才的创新积极性，介绍了技术创新的多种模式，举例说明企业运用这些模式进行技术创新，提高了市场竞争能力，促进了企业持续发展。     

Competition,innovation and regulation in the pharmaceutical industry

This article discusses the impact of regulation on competition and innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. Prompted by concern over attempts at regulating the industry on the European level, we discuss the two basic forms of regulation which we observe to be typical, quality regulation (licencing) and price regulation. In doing so, the analysis focuses on the research segment of the pharmaceutical industry and discusses forms of competition by innovation. Following a recent paper by Nelson, the specific characteristics of competition in the pharmaceutical industry are developed as well as their welfare implications. Regulatory behavior vis-á-vis the industry is analysed in terms of a behavioral model initially proposed by Stigler, and an attempt is made to incorporate into the analysis the experience of regulation in both Europe and the United States of America.     

Late entry,market shares and competitive survival: The case of synthetic fibers

This paper examines product policy in relation to the experience curve and product life cycle concepts in the context of the experience of the thirteen major firms in the Western European synthetic fibers industry. It examines the hypothesis based on Boston Consulting Group and the Profit Impact of Market Share (PIMS) evidence that late entrants to a market will be at a competitive disadvantage because they lack the accumulated experience of the pioneering firms. For each of the three main synthetic fibres, acrylic, nylon and polyester, it was found that the early entrants who established major market shares early in the growth phase of the product life cycle were able to maintain that leadership nearly twenty years later. In contrast not only did almost all the late entrants fail to achieve significant market shares but in the difficult market conditions between 1974 and 1981 they provided seven out of nine market withdrawals.     

Recombination in the open-ended value landscape of digital innovation

Digital innovation introduces a new open-ended value landscape to anyone seeking to generate or capture new value. To understand this landscape, we distinguish between design recombination and use recombination, explore how they play out together, and redirect the attention from products and services toward digital resources. Digital resources serve as building-blocks in digital innovation, and they hold the potential to simultaneously be part of multiple value paths, offered through design recombination and assembled through use recombination. Building on this perspective, we offer the value spaces framework as a tool for better understanding value creation and capture in digital innovation. We illustrate the framework and offer the early contours of a research agenda for information systems researchers.     

中小企业从模仿到创新过程中的竞争优势来源

文章针对中小企业从模仿到创新过程中竞争优势演化问题进行了案例分析,通过分析得出了新观点;揭示了从模仿到创新过程中中小企业的竞争优势基础、竞争优势创造和竞争优势持续问题,阐述了这一过程中的竞争优势陷阱;提出了中小企业以竞争优势为导向、以模仿和再创新为优势基础的积累手段,以集成为优势创造模式的渐进创新道路。     

以开拓创新满足市场需求——访上海先达企业发展有限公司营销总监许晓军

上海先达企业发展有限公司（以下简称“上海先达”）成立于1992年,专注于条码、RFID等自动识别技术的技术研发与行业应用。公司面向零售、物流、制造、金融、医疗、公用事业等行业,提供“基于自动识别技术解决方案”的系统集成,在条码打印、数据采集、跟踪管理、系统处理及专业咨询方面拥有丰富的行业经验。     

Factor market rivalry and interindustry competitive dynamics

We study competitive dynamics by using 10 years of data from the biotech industry on patent infringement lawsuits because they capture offensive actions and defensive responses. Results suggest that larger patent portfolios, long‐term partnerships, and short‐term agreements lead to factor market rivalry. Specifically, long‐term research partnerships are associated with lower proclivity and vulnerability to attack, while short‐term licensing and marketing agreements with increased proclivity and vulnerability to attack. Lastly, although nonbiotech companies attack biotech firms, the proclivity of the latter to launch cross‐industry attacks is not significant. We discuss how the results contribute to competitive dynamics research and theory.     

资本结构对企业市场竞争力的影响

本文通过系统分析资本结构对企业市场竞争力的影响,认为企业资本结构的选择不仅会影响到本企业的财务状况,而且会影响到本企业在产品市场中的销售份额、竞争地位和生存发展能力,这导致企业实际选择的负债程度大大低于传统的财务理论所预测的最优负债比例.     

技术创新提高企业市场竞争能力

加速技术创新是企业面对市场竞争的唯一出路。文章论述技术创新的重要性和企业如何建立及完善创新人才机制,开发人才资源,调动科技人才的创新积极性,介绍了技术创新的多种模式,举例说明企业运用这些模式进行技术创新,提高了市场竞争能力,促进了企业持续发展。     

Sustainability‐oriented capabilities for eco‐innovation: Meeting the regulatory,technology, and market demands

Despite consensus in the literature that regulation, technology push, and market pull drive eco‐innovation (EI), evidence remains limited on the diverse firm capabilities needed to boost EI. Building on the natural‐resource‐based view of the firm and the EI literature, this paper posits that firms need to renew and realign their capabilities, and ultimately develop distinctive sustainability‐oriented capabilities, in order to meet the rapidly changing regulatory, technology, and market demands. Results of the analysis, based on a survey of U.K. firms, reveal that EIs are more likely to arise when firms (a) build capabilities on voluntary self‐regulation (i.e., executive driven environmental management system and corporate social responsibility) because such organizational capabilities allow them to address increasing regulatory pressures; (b) invest in environmental research and development (i.e., eco‐R&D)—instead of generic research and development—because it provides them with the relevant and specific technological capabilities to tackle technology shifts towards sustainability; and (c) develop capabilities in green market sensing as such capabilities allow them to address green consumption needs.     

The variable effects of dynamic capability by firm size: the interaction of innovation and marketing capabilities in competitive industries

Although investments in marketing and innovation capabilities theoretically help firms to compete in dynamic markets and enhance performance, company size has a strong influence on whether this is the case. In a test of a proposed conceptual model, this study of 692 small, medium, and large enterprises found that large firms prospered from building dynamic capabilities under conditions of high industry competitiveness, while investments in innovation and marketing individually diminished small firms’ performance. The effect was mixed for medium-size firms. In small enterprises, however, dynamic capability proved to be crucial in order to withstand competition. Therefore, taking into account these firms’ limited resources, managerial efforts should be focused on the integration of marketing and innovation capabilities, because each capability alone does not have a significant positive impact on performance. In medium-sized enterprises, the support of marketing capability is required to raise profitability under conditions of high industry competitiveness; otherwise, innovation would not lead to actual profits. For large enterprises, industry competitiveness was found to be a less serious threat to performance, and instead is a catalyst to the development of capabilities, suggesting that managers of such firms should focus on building long-term strategic advantages.     

Supporting the free and competitive market in China and India: Differences and evolution over time

This paper analyzes the support to market competition by Indian and Chinese citizens. In particular, I study the individual preferences with respect to some characteristics of a free and competitive market. The paper aims at establishing whether preferences in these countries are different and their evolution over the time. This is an important issue, as the economic literature shows that people's preferences and policies tend to go hand in hand. This means that the analysis of today's preferences and their evolution over time can be useful to forecast tomorrow's policies. The main findings of this paper are that Indians and Chinese are different in supporting competition. The Chinese express preferences that are more in line with a free and competitive market than Indians do. The detected time path reveals that this support has been decreasing over time during the last two decades. The two populations appear to be in favour of a capitalistic, but strictly regulated market. This can mean that the future economic policies of these Asian giants will tend to this direction. Apparently there are no risks for some form of capitalism, but it is likely the two countries will not adopt completely free and competitive market institutions.