Property Tax and Housing Returns

This paper evaluates the effects of property tax on housing. While land tax and capital gains tax are widely used for curbing hoarding of land and speculation, its effectiveness is inconclusive. The imposition of a capital gains tax will impair the liquidity of property transaction, lower the rate of return on property investment, and reduce revenue from land sales which represents an important tax resource for the communities. This paper shows that a capital gains tax is capitalized into housing prices. Individuals tend to postpone the purchase of houses because of transaction taxes. Using an impulse response function, we show that a transaction tax has a dynamic negative impact on housing returns. While this paper focuses on Hong kong, for the purpose of comparison Singapore and Taiwan are also discussed.     

对开征物业税的几点质疑

为建立和健全我国财产税体系，我国正在酝酿新一轮的房地产税制改革，择机出台物业税。本对物业税的开征能否抑制当今的高房价，能否成为地方财政的主体税种，物业税可能会带来哪些负效应进行分析，并结合我国的实际情况提出相关的政策建议。     

Assessment Lags and Property Tax Impacts

Abstract . A major administrative problem of the property tax is the difficulty of maintaining current assessments. If real estate is not reassessed as market values change, then the real tax rates on market value will diverge from the statutory rates. Within any taxing jurisdiction those properties with the highest rate of increase in market value will be taxed at the lowest real rate, while those with the lowest (including negative) rate of increase in market value will be taxed at the highest real rate. This investigation develops a straightforward method for calculating differentials in effective tax rates and describes the economic impacts of these differentials.     

On the Degree of Property Tax Assessment Inequity in Complex Tax Jurisdictions

A bstract . The extent of interest in the degree of inequity in property assessment is indicative of the importance of identifying determinants of assessment inequity. Previous attempts to identify such determinants were certainly incomplete. An additional variable is offered for the list that would be expected to explain statistically the degree of inequity in the distribution of property tax liabilities , in general, and to examine specifically the relationship between assessment, inequity and the degree of complexity for assessing Jurisdictions. The latter are often complex in the sense that individual properties, although subject to a set of two or more nominal tax rates on assessed values, are not subject to the same set of nominal tax rates. It is argued—to the extent that individual property tax liabilities are capitalized in sale prices for individual properties —that the greater the number of specific property tax rates on assessed value , the greater is the expected frequency of change in such specific property tax rates and, therefore, the higher the expected value of the measure of the degree of inequity.     

Property Tax Assessment Rates and Residential Abandonment

A bstract Netghbothood abandonment rates is New York City are predieted Within a model which investigates the imporatnce of property tax assessments building conditions adn tenant characteristies in owners'abandonment decision The results indicate that tax assessment rate are a mojor determinant of abon donment, and point to policy changes capable of showing the spread of aban donment in vulnerble netghbot hoods     

房产税经济效应测度研究

假设开发商满足理性人假设,利用数理模型分析了在其追求利润最大化时,开征房产税所产生的经济效应。研究发现,房产税不但会降低商品房租金价格和销售价格,还可以在增加消费者剩余、减少开发商利润的同时,带来税收收入的增加和社会福利的增进。     

关于物业税征收目的和效应之辨析

本文讨论了物业税的征收目的和物业税所产生的效应之差别,以及在实践中区分这些概念的意义。     

论物业税与现行房地产税收的关系

目前房价居高不下,政府调控房地产市场的措施陆续出台,在众多调控措施中,备受关注的一项措施是开征物业税。在开征物业税的过程中,必然会涉及到如何处理物业税与现行房地产税收的关系。对此,专家学者从不同角度发表了各自的看法。本文认为,现行的房产税、城镇土地使用税、城市维护建设税、教育费附加应该并入物业税,耕地占用税应并入土地出让金,土地增值税应该取消或并入物业税,契税应继续保留。我国应该通过正确处理物业税与现行房地产税收的关系,健全房地产税收体系。     

上海市房产税试点评价

研究目的：采用层次分析法构建一套评价指标体系对上海市房产税试点的成效进行评价,为政府完善房产税改革和进一步推进房产税试点扩围提供参考。研究方法：层次分析法（AHP）。研究结果：上海房产税改革试点。对房地产市场成交量有一定的短期调控作用,对房价的抑制作用不明显,对税收制度和地方财政收入的影响有限。研究结论：上海市房产税改革对房地产市场的调控未能达到预期,短期内不宜扩点。并提出了完善房产税改革的相关政策建议,做了相应的讨论与展望。     

Property Tax Circuit-breakers: Good Causes but Bad Economics

A bstract . Since 1965, 30 states and the District of Columbia have enacted programs designed to reduce the effective rate of property taxation for some low income households and for the elderly. Most often this relief is provided by so-called "circuit-breakers." It is contended that the economic arguments favoring circuit-breakers are empirically unproven and theoretically suspect. The tax may be progressive , not regressive , and the device may transfer income from low to high income households. Any short run redistribution of income to favor the poor or the elderly would, in the long run, merely shift the timing of their tax payments. Circuit-breakers encourage over-consumption of housing and misallocation of housing resources. Reducing the tax base, they produce higher rates and so increase the tax burden.     

商业地产或成房企战略转型首选

当前,在现有房地产调控政策不放松和有可能进一步加码的长期调控态势下,越来越多的大型住宅开发企业纷纷进行战略上的转型,逐步加大非住宅物业的开发投资力度和规模,在规避住宅市场调控的同时,拓展企业新的开发领域和利润增长点。     

我国开征物业税相关问题的思考

首先讨论了物业税开征中热点的土地出让金的去留问题;再而对房地产保有、开发交易环节的税种设置以及大量收费问题提出了一些想法;最后从房地产市场供给、需求两方面深入讨论了物业税开征对房价的影响.     

利用税收政策调控房地产市场的对策思考

近年来,我国房地产业飞速发展,房价节节攀升,国家不断出台宏观政策来调控抑制房价,虽然取得一定成效,但仍然存在很多问题。加大税收杠杆的调节力度,通过税收政策的改革和创新来引导我国住房的理性消费势在必行。本文从税收角度分析了房价上涨的原因,对现行的税收政策提出了改革建议,以期稳定房价,促进房地产业的健康发展。     

利用税收政策调控房地产市场的对策思考

近年来,我国房地产业飞速发展,房价节节攀升,国家不断出台宏观政策来调控抑制房价,虽然取得一定成效,但仍然存在很多问题。加大税收杠杆的调节力度,通过税收政策的改革和创新来引导我国住房的理性消费势在必行。本文从税收角度分析了房价上涨的原因,对现行的税收政策提出了改革建议,以期稳定房价,促进房地产业的健康发展。     

The Spatial Effects of Wage or Property Tax Differentials, and Local Government Choice between Tax Instruments

This paper considers the spatial effects (on wages, employment, and business capital as functions of location) of a localized differential in source-based wage tax rates or business property tax rates between (for example) a central city and the surrounding suburbs. A simple model is used in which business production uses only labor and capital inputs. Consumers have fixed residential locations but may commute to work. Wage and property tax differentials have effects that are similar in some ways but different in other ways. If given a choice, a local government would choose to set its business property tax rate equal to zero and use only a wage tax.