基于价格折扣的生命周期产品库存模型

在产品的生命周期内,供应商提供价格折扣条件下,研究了一类需求率是销售价格与时间的一般函数的易变质物品最优库存策略问题,建立了优化补货周期的库存模型。目的是极大化总利润,讨论了模型最优解的存在性并给出了求解最优解的算法,最后给出数值例子。     

产品定价的排队博弈分析

产品定价是企业经营决策的重要内容之一,利用排队博弈的方法分析企业定价策略是最近几年发展起来的一种新思想。本文研究了在双寡头竞争的市场条件下,企业产品最优定价的排队博弈模型,分析了产品价格与成本、质量和交易等待成本之间的关系,推导出最优定价策略的纳什均衡解。最后给出了一家企业的产品最优定价实例。     

具有缺陷产品的损失规避零售商的订货策略研究

文章研究了在不确定需求环境下具有缺陷产品的损失规避零售商的订货策略问题.基于展望理论,建立了损失规避零售商订购含缺陷产品时的期望效用模型,给出了损失规避零售商最优订货量的计算公式.通过理论分析,探讨了损失规避程度对零售商订购含缺陷产品的最优策略的影响,并结合数值算例,研究了产品缺陷率与损失规避程度对零售商最优订货量以及期望效用的影响.     

基于不同类型消费者的再制造策略研究

本文对一个垄断制造商的再制造策略进行了研究。首先根据消费者对于再制造产品的接受程度把消费者分为两类，然后根据不同类型消费者的特点，给出了在不同的价格策略下，再制造产品和新产品的需求函数。据此本文建立了制造商的最优决策模型，并分别给出了制造商的最优价格策略。最后通过数值分析对结果进行了进一步的验证。     

企业产品最优结构的判据与产品结构调整

本文构建了效益型线性规划模型,提出并论证了企业产品取向结构,比例结构以及最优结的等概念,给出了外部条件不变与变化情况下最优结构的判据;得出了（资源）产品价格变化（不）影响企业产品最优结构等结论。     

碳排放约束下制造商的定价与减排策略及政策启示

本文在考虑制造商面对碳排放政策与消费者低碳需求双重压力的前提下,通过引入单位产品碳排放量决策变量,构建制造商的简化决策模型,给出了制造商的最优定价和最优碳排放量,分析了碳排放政策与消费者低碳需求对制造商最优定价和最优碳排放量的影响,得出了一些管理及政策启示。研究表明:在满足一定条件时,制造商的最优定价会随着单位产品碳排放量成本、单位减排敏感系数的增加而增加,制造商的最优减排量会随着单位产品碳排放量成本、单位减排敏感系数、市场需求规模的增加而增加,会随着投入规模参数的增加而减少。     

基于预订销售策略的生命周期产品库存模型

研究了一类基于预订销售策略的生命周期产品的库存模型,其中需求率是销售价格和时间的函数,且需求率符合产品生命周期的变化规律,目的是极大化总利润,采用倒算法和动态规划方法,讨论了模型最优解的存在性和唯一性,并给出了最优订购策略的数值例子和参数的灵敏度分析。     

基于预订销售策略的生命周期产品库存模型

研究了一类基于预订销售策略的生命周期产品的库存模型,其中需求率是销售价格和时间的函数,且需求率符合产品生命周期的变化规律,目的是极大化总利润,采用倒算法和动态规划方法,讨论了模型最优解的存在性和唯一性,并给出了最优订购策略的数值例子和参数的灵敏度分析.     

有限计划期内多种变质性产品的经济批量计划问题

考虑了多种变质性产品在有限计划期内的经济批量计划问题,在假定生产率、需求率、变质率均为常量,以及多种变质产品具有共同生产周期的情况下,证明了总费用函数是凸函数,给出了寻找最优生产策略的算法。     

随机需求下一类变质性产品的生产库存最优策略

建立了计划期需求量是随机变量、生产系统不稳定的变质性产品生产库存模型.通过计划期总成本最小化来寻求最优生产时间,最后给出了相应的算例.     

基于ERP和TOC的生产物流系统研究

本文通过研究ERP和TOC相结合的生产物流系统的功能，构建了系统的功能模型，给出了模型中生产网络实现的数据模型．最后构建了二者相结告的生产物流系统的总体结构模型。     

Economic Impact of the Structural Changes of Production Technology: A Robust Approach

In this article, edge theorem and boundary theorem, one of the most important results obtained recently in the field of robust control theory, is applied to analyze the economic impact of structural change of production technology in one economic sector, by means of the famous dynamic Leontief input–output model. Two theorems, parallel to edge theorem and boundary theorem, are given in terms of economics in this paper. It is argued that in a sense the complex analysis about the economic impact of production technological changes is equivalent to a one-dimensional computation problem, which is easy to solve. A case study is given in the last section of this paper.     

On scale-invariant parametric families of functions

In this paper, we attempt to characterize parametric families of functions such that the statement “a function is an element of the parametric family” is meaningful with respect to a given scale of measurement (a statement is said to be meaningful if its truth or falsity is unchanged when admissible transformations are applied to all of the scales in the statement). A few special cases of the problem are solved for nominal, ordinal, and some quantitative scales. As economic applications, axiomatizations of homothetic production functions and the Cobb–Douglas production function are given.     

企业标准化难点的原因分析及对策

理论脱离实际,标准化职能机构形式化大于职能化,这是企业标准化的现状,也是最大的难点。在大多数企业中,这些难点通常表现为标准的体系建设和产品标准化脱节、产品标准化工作流于形式和表面、机制建设不完善。文章重点分析了这三个问题产生的原因,并提出了一些针对性的对策。     

Reverse efficiency measures for environmental assessment in data envelopment analysis

Environmental issues are becoming more and more important in our everyday life. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a tool developed for measuring relative operational efficiency. DEA can also be employed to estimate environmental efficiency where undesirable outputs like greenhouse gases exist. The classical DEA method identifies best practices among a given empirical data set. In many situations, however, it is advantageous to determine the worst practices and perform efficiency evaluation by comparing DMUs with the full-inefficient frontier. This strategy requires that the conventional production possibility set is defined from a reverse perspective. In this paper, presence of both desirable and undesirable outputs is assumed and a methodological framework for performing an unbiased efficiency analysis is proposed. The reverse production possibility set is defined and new models are presented regarding the full-inefficient frontier. The operational, environmental and overall reverse efficiencies are studied. The important notion of weak disposability is discussed and the effects of this assumption on the proposed models are investigated. The capability of the proposed method is examined using data from a real-world application about paper production.     

排污权交易条件下缺陷产品生产库存策略研究

自二十世纪初以来,生产库存控制理论一直是运筹学研究中的重要领域。生产库存控制研究使用量化方法建立生产库存模型,给出最生产优库存控制策略。本文建立了排污权条件下易存在缺陷产品的生产库存模型,并对模型的解及其性质进行了分析,给出了基于排污权交易的缺陷产品的生产库存最优控制策略。     

Contracts and on-the-job search

The paper studies a matching model with on-the-job search, transferable utility and heterogeneous agents. Matched agents can set the conditions under which a given match can be dissolved. It is shown that matched agents use sign-off fees to extract all capital gains from trade when a third agent is contacted. In equilibrium, this redistributes wealth towards less able individuals, reduces the likelihood that any given match will be rejected and, given the conditions, it yields efficiency. Although externalities arise when a match is formed and when turnover occurs, the decentralized outcome is efficient when the production function is sub-modular and the difference in abilities is big enough. The results obtained may provide theoretical support for the type of contracts used in some markets, such as sports markets.     

Een systeem van kostenbeheersende productieplanning

In this paper a system of cost-controlled production planning is described. This system considers all kinds of costs associated with a production in phases (e.g. production of units, production of subassemblies, assembly) which may be affected by the planning, such as set-up costs, costs of transport, control, inventories, capacity and changes in capacity.
The mathematical model leads to a linear or mixed discrete-linear programming problem whose solution gives for each time period considered the size of the capacities which should be used and of the series of different products which should be produced. Practical recommendations are given for obtaining a sufficiently satisfying solution.     

Interurban differences in the innovative nature of production

Several authors have suggested that large cities concentrate on innovative commodities and allow the production of more standardized goods to filter down to lower wage smaller cities. This paper provides an empirical test of this hypothesis. The innovativeness of production within a given SMSA is measured by the proportion of professional, technical and kindred workers. Evidence for specific two-digit manufacturing industries indicates that such innovation workers are generally more prevalent in larger cities. Substantial improvements in transportation and communications in recent years have not greatly altered the tendency for professionals to be concentrated in large urban areas.     

The Evolution of Production Structures,Analyzed by a Multi-layer Procedure

In this paper, a new method of so-called qualitative input–output analysis is outlined, which is called minimal flow analysis (MFA). It extracts the characteristic production structure given in an input–output table, on the basis of anendogenized threshold value. Formally, this is achieved by the binarization of the entries of different table layers which are reformulated according to the Eulerian sequence. The condensed characteristic structure of the economy is then obtained by means of graph theoretical methods. The new method is able to uncover production structures, even in highly aggregated tables. If applied to a chronological sequence of tables, as shown for German tables 1978–88 in detail, the MFA method can disclose the evoluton of sectoral structures.