The EU Response to US Trade Tariffs

The greatest challenge for the EU in trying to identify an optimal response is understanding the motives behind the US strategy.The rhetoric, and more recently also actions, of the current US administration on trade and the global multilateral system are a real threat to the process of globalisation. While the costs are not immediate, they will materialise and they will be hard to revert.     

China to Talk with EU,US over Auto Tariffs

China announced on April 8 that it has accepted a request from both the European Union and the United States for talks with China on auto parts tariffs under the World Trade Organization trade dispute settlement mechanism.     

China to Talk with EU,US over Auto Tariffs

China announced on April 8 that it has accepted a request from both the European Union and the United States for talks with China on auto parts tariffs under the World Trade Organization trade dispute settlement mechanism.……     

浅析国有企业的民营化、外商竞争与最优关税

本文用简单的国际寡头垄断竞争模型说明外商的竞争可以降低东道国的最优关税税率，但是国有企业的民营化却提高了东道国的最优关税税率。这一结论实质上暗含了贸易的自由化能够提高东道国的社会福利。如果一个国家开放它的经济，允许外商进入并参与市场竞争，则会提高整个国家的社会福利，但每个国家可能考虑更多的其他影响因素，并没有实行完全的贸易自由。     

Tariffs and the most favored nation clause

In an n country oligopoly model of intraindustry trade (n≥3), this paper explores the economics of the most-favored-nation (MFN) principle. Under the non-cooperative tariff equilibrium, each country imposes higher tariffs on low cost producers relative to high cost ones thereby causing socially harmful trade diversion. MFN adoption by each country improves world welfare by eliminating this trade diversion. Under linear demand, MFN adoption by the country with the average production cost is most desirable. High cost countries refuse reciprocal MFN adoption with other countries and also lose even if others engage in reciprocal MFN adoption amongst themselves.     

The Pro-competitive Effect of Two-Part Tariffs

Two producers delegate sales of differentiated products to common retailers, each with a monopoly position. Each producer can offer either a linear or a two-part tariff. In the single-period game each producer's dominant strategy is to use a two-part tariff. If the two producers' products are sufficiently close substitutes and the discount factor is sufficiently high, both producers offering linear tariffs can be sustained as an equilibrium outcome in an infinitely repeated game.     

Tariffs and quotas in the presence of foreign monopoly

The paper contrasts the effects of tariffs and quantitative restrictions in the presence of a foreign monopolistic exporter. It is shown that a tariff may induce a Lerner-type effect in the tariff-imposing country whereas a quota will necesarily have such an effect. More generally, a quota will worsen the terms of trade more than the equivalent tariff, although the foreign monopolist may not capture the entire scarcity rent produced by the quota. These results have significant implications when the relative costs of various trade barriers are evaluated.     

居民递增型阶梯气价的福利分析

在尝试构建三级阶梯的居民递增型阶梯气价模型的基础上,从福利视角对居民递增阶梯气价政策进行分析.结果发现:相对于单一气价,当基准气价不变时,阶梯气价政策下的中等需求用户和高需求用户的福利会减少并产生福利的无谓损失;当基准气价提高时,三种类型用户的福利都会减少并同时产生无谓损失,表明递增型阶梯气价政策缺乏经济效率.     

Tariffs,Efficiency Wages and Unemployment

The present model embeds a model of intra-industry trade into a labour market, which is characterised by efficiency wages. It is shown that tariff protection of the import competing, home produced brands, may cause the equilibrium unemployment rate to shoot up and instead of protecting the sector may cause it to contract. This is possible when elasticity of demand is high and firms have less market power and thus, protectionist effect of tariffs may get completely reversed.     

浅析美国保障措施实施的权力制约机制

保障措施是自由贸易的安全阀,它的实施需要国内主管机构负责,并辅以相应的制约机制。美国的保障措施实施,有着国会、国际贸易委员会、总统之间明确的分权和制约,更规定了总统的最终裁决权,从而保证了保障措施的实施符合美国利益。在特别保障措施的实施上,美国也遵循该原则。     

Tariffs,non-traded goods and fiscal policy

This paper considers the effects of tariffs in a framework that explicitly accounts for the intertemporal nature of the current account. In particular, the paper shows how tariffs alter the domestic real interest rate, thereby influencing the optimal paths of consumption, saving, and the current account. By emphasizing the distinction between home goods and traded goods for a small open economy, the analysis highlights the important role of the real exchange rate in determining macroeconomic equilibrium. This paper also demonstrates the crucial importance of assumptions about the type of government fiscal policies accompanying a tariff.     

Tariffs,foreign capital and immiserizing growth

For a small tariff-imposing country, within the standard two-commodity two-factor model of international trade, this paper reconsiders the implications of an inflow of capital from abroad. When the host country continues to import the capital-intensive good while remaining incompletely specialized, the analysis shows that the capital inflow must reduce host-country welfare, assuming that the foreign capital receives the full (untaxed) value of its marginal product. Under other circumstances considered, however, the inflow may have different consequences for welfare.     

“碳关税”：新型的贸易保护形式

“碳关税”问题是2009年哥本哈根世界气候大会上的争议焦点之一。一些发达国家准备对没有采取措施实施减排目标国家的出口产品征收“碳关税”。“碳关税”的本质是发达国家将气候问题与贸易问题联系起来,借环境保护之名实行贸易保护主义。“碳关税”一旦开征,将对我国出口产生影响,我国应早日采取应对措施。     

美国反倾销因果关系的五种裁定方法分析

倾销同产业损害之间因果关系的存在,构成实施反倾销措施的必要条件之一。反倾销现行规则关于因果关系认定标准的宽松界定,导致具体裁定过程往往无法有效地证明因果关系的存在。本文以美国为例,分析了其在反倾销实践中使用的五种因果关系裁定方法。该五种方法均存在一定的缺陷导致因果关系的裁定失去了实际意义     

世贸组织规则下我国新关税税则分析

通过对我国加入世贸组织后的新关税税则的分析,探讨了我国关税制度的变化,指出作为发展中国家,我国关税制度的制定符合世贸组织的贸易自由化要求,并起到了保护国家经济利益和经济安全的作用,但还有许多不足需要在实践中不断完善。     

试论美国海关对版权的保护及其特点

美国版权产业所取得的巨大成就与其不断完善的版权保护制度密不可分。在众多的版权保护制度中,法律的作用显然最为重要。美国现行版权法赋予了美国海关保护版权的重要职责,但是它只能对进口环节的版权提供海关保护。一般情况下,版权的备案是获得海关保护的必要条件,而在版权侵权认定问题上,美国海关不仅在版权所有人与进口商之间保持着客观中立的地位,还承担着事实认定与法律认定的双重责任。     

Tariffs,capital mobility,and foreign ownership

This paper is concerned with the welfare effects of a small capital movement from one country to another followed by the repatriation of that capital's marginal product. Although this issue has been addressed previously, especially from the point of view of the host country, there seems to exist no formal analysis which treats simultaneously the interdependent welfare effects on the investing and host countries and thus on world real income. The purpose of this paper is to develop such an analysis in order to determine the conditions under which a capital flow will help or harm a country.