Market Integration and Technological Change

This paper studies the incentives of firms to introduce new technologies in markets where network effects are sensitive to the identity of the adopter. We model this sensitivity by considering a market in which consumers are located in two economies and network effects across economies are weaker than intra-economy network effects. The strength of cross economy network effects is measured by the degree of market integration. We show that the incentives for technological change are decreasing with respect to the degree of integration and that they are in excess of what is socially desirable. We also show that different generation technologies can coexist only if the market is poorly integrated and that this coexistence is characterized by a form of technological leap-frogging across economies.     

2011国际贸易风险年度报告

2010年全球经济的主题名为“复苏”,实为“调整”。金融危机的冲击让各经济体开始质疑现有的“游戏规则”,为恢复和加快自身发展速度,金融体系、关务规则、市场政策以及贸易保护等各方面均有所调整,这使得中国企业在2011年的全球投资与贸易中,必须面对许多全新的、更复杂的变化。     

全球服装市场新挑战与新机遇

全球服装市场，我们面临新的挑战，同时又面临新的机遇。消费者需要的是体验。理解了消费者，理解了整个复杂的消费者的需求，世界也就有了笑脸。反倾销这话好像太老生常谈啦，它是一个昂贵的过程，作为零售商，直接采购可能成本太高，太复杂，太不便操作，但最佳的途径还是直接采购。     

Global Pharmacists Seizing China''''s Market

Intheglobalpharmacists'eyes,Chinahasbecomeabigandattractivemarket.Themarketforimportedandjointly-mademedicinesisexpandingrapidlyinChina.Atpresent,thesemedicineshaveseizedathirdoftheChinesemarket,andimportedmedicinesowndoublethemarketsharesofthedomestically-producedmedicines.Bytheendoflastyear,Chinahadissuednearly2,000"registeredcertificates".Butactually,foreign-mademedicinesflowingintoChinathroughillegalchannelshaveoccupiedatleastahalfofthedomesticmarketforimportedmedicines.Alongwiththefore…     

The Evolving Global Wine Market

Fifty years ago, a few countries in Western Europe accounted for virtually all world exports of wine and most of its production and consumption. This has changed dramatically: now every continent has major producing and/or consuming countries. Much of this change has been driven by technology and science, resulting in increasing quality, bringing new countries into the ranks of global winemakers, and increasing the productivity of traditional countries. Much of it has also been driven by economics, in particular the rising income and changing tastes of consumers throughout the world, and by public policy that has created surpluses in Europe. This paper shows the magnitudes of the shifts in consumption and production and discusses the economic and social factors that drive them.     

Simulating the Global Market Place

This review discusses one simulation that has potential value as an aid in teaching international business: The Management ofStrategy in a Global Market Place. The review describes the flow of decisions in the simulation, the interaction of the environment with the decision variables, and discusses both computer aspects -and associated role play. Student evaluations of an earlier version are presented and a comparison made to another new simulation, Export To Win!     

The Global Engineering Consultancy Market

The purpose of this paper is to assess and analyze the size and characteristics of the engineering consultancy market in select Western nations and worldwide. A secondary goal is two-fold: to look briefly at the training required for careers in this field and to evaluate the strategies of the participating firms. This sector has grown in the past half-century to about U.S.$550 billion revenue globally, with nearly 3 million establishments and about 500,000 employees. There are giant, multinational firms that span across regions; but the sector is still highly fragmented, and the top 10 firms have less than 15 percent of the global market share. The typical firm in the industry in most major countries consists of around five or six professional associates. The data problems in analyzing this sector are formidable. The paper offers guidelines to using these statistics. It also describes steps necessary for effective marketing.     

一体化市场制度与区域经济一体化

当前，在我国一体化市场制度的构建中，地方政府成为制度变迁的“中间抵制”力量。文章运用博弈论的分析方法，探寻突破地方政府“中间抵制”的可行途径，并对实现我国经济运行模式从“行政区经济”向“区域经济一体化”转变提出作者的见解。     

市场成交活跃 船价有待提高——8月全球新造船市场综述

8月的新造船市场不仅保持前几个月的旺盛势头,而且成交量也有所放大．全月散货船和油船成交量达2000万载重吨,与上月1840万载重吨相比,涨幅达8．7％。特别是在8月的第三周,新船成交达1045万载重吨,市场兴旺程度不言而喻。对于各船型的表现而言,VLCC表现最为突出,全月新船成交突破840万载重吨,创出近几年单月成交量新高。在新造船市场活跃的同时,部分船型价格也有所上涨。     

市场分割与企业纵向一体化

企业纵向一体化发展战略除了受产品类型、企业自身特征等因素影响外,还受政府特征的干预.本文选用2007-2015年上市公司数据,基于市场分割这一制度性政府行为的视角,探讨政府干预如何影响企业选择.我们发现地区间市场分割政策的实施能够促进企业选择纵向一体化发展战略,且这种效应在国有企业、异地子公司占比较小、地区竞争程度较为缓和的分组中更为显著.进一步地,我们发现市场分割下企业的资源优势使其在纵向扩张的同时也会选择横向发展,表现为地区市场分割越严重,当地企业尤其是国有企业的多元化程度也越高.本文为企业一体化影响因素提供了新的研究视角,也为政府干预下国有企业的盲目扩张提供了实证依据,既是粗放型经济增长模式在微观层面的反映,也从侧面反映出市场分割导致的资源错配给企业发展带来的阻碍,为我国在打破行业垄断和市场分割以及实现经济增长模式由要素驱动向创新驱动转变等方面的政策制定提供了经验证据.     

出口企业与国内市场一体化

本文分别从理论和实证两方面对市场一体化如何影响企业出口决策以及出口企业和非出口企业的生产率差距进行检验。理论上,本文在Melitz(2003)的基础上,考虑市场不完全一体化的情况,发现市场一体化的程度一方面影响了企业的出口决策,另一方面影响出口企业和非出口企业之间的生产率差距。实证上,本文使用世界银行对中国企业2004年投资环境调查数据计算地区-行业层面的市场一体化程度,并与我国的工业企业库进行合并,实证结果表明企业面临市场一体化程度越低,企业越倾向于选择出口,出口企业生产率与非出口企业生产率差距越小。     

Refractory Materials: The Global Market,The Global Industry

World demand for refractory products—heat-resisting ceramic materials used in metal refining, glass making, and other high-temperature industrial applications—will be slowing down considerably from an annual rate of 10.8 percent during 2002–07 to 3.5 percent during 2007–12. Such slower growth reflects many factors, but is due primarily to: unsettled economic conditions; better efficiencies in steelmaking (which accounts for about half of all end uses of refractories); and the preference of end-users for maintenance rather than new facilities. The four key markets or end uses for refractory materials are: iron and steelmaking; other metal-making; nonmetallic materials such as glass; and an all-other category. In 2007, world refractory demand was 38.1 million metric tons valued at $22.9 billion; the corresponding figures for 2012 are projected at about 45.2 million metric tons valued at $28.5 billion. The Asia-Pacific region accounted for about 45 percent of total weight in 2007; its share by 2012 should rise to about 69 percent, with China becoming the dominant producer and consumer of refractory materials.     

全球商旅市场及展望

研究发现,北美、西欧和亚太地区在全球商旅市场中各占30%的比例(总共占90%),2008年估计总规模达到9290亿美元,这一数字包括了国内商务旅行以及出境国际旅行;剩下10%的商旅活动在拉美、新兴的欧     

Construction Blue Print in Global Market

Talking of China Communications Construction Company Ltd.(CCCC), we can easily count several national and even world records. It's the largest port construction and design enterprise in China, the team leader in road and bridge construction and design,the biggest in China also among the world top three companies in dredging,and the No.1 container crane manufacturer in the world.     

The Global Market for Power Tools

The global demand for power tools rose from $19.0 billion in 1999 to $22.8 billion by 2004 and is expected to increase to $29.2 billion in 2009. The annual rate of growth was 3.7 percent during 1999-2004; the projected rate during 2004-2009 is 5.0 percent. This reflects accelerating growth in developing regions, with the most promising opportunities occurring in Latin America, Africa/Mid-East, and Asia-Pacific. Electric tools (plug-in and cordless) dominate world demand, comprising three-fourth of shipments in 2004. Commercial users accounted for 70 percent and households for 30 percent of total sales, a ratio that should prevail during the coming years. North America accounted for 40 percent of total demand but for only 30 percent of production, as U.S. firms shifted operations to countries with lower wages. While hundreds of companies offer power tools, only a few firms hold significant market share. The leaders are Black and Decker (United States), Bosch (Germany), TechTronic (Hong- Kong), Makita (Japan), and Hitachi (Japan); together they accounted for 37 percent of global sales in 2004. JEL Classification L640     

The Global Market for Agricultural Machinery and Equipment

Growth in the current-dollar sales of agricultural machinery and equipment was almost six percent per annum during 2000-2005.1 This was much faster than the 2.6 percent growth for agricultural output and the 1.2 percent rate for population in the same period. JEL Classification L64     

2010国际贸易风险报告

在全球化的今天,外贸风险贯穿了市场、通关、WTO规则、金融与债务体系,甚至社会心理等各个方面与各个层面。市场篇市场不同,市场上的风险就会不同。在不同的国家和地区做生意,     

资格证书的全球一体化发展趋势

在巴黎、纽约或伦敦这样的国际化大都市。你可能惊讶地发现，一些侍、门卫或清洁工曾在自己的出生国接受过医生或工程师的培训。但却不能在移居国从事这些职业。无数不同版本的类似故事都在世界各地上演着。但其中的遗憾大同小异——职业资格不能跟着人走。