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1.
This article describes a case study on the Machiguenga, a remote Indigenous tribe affected by the Camisea Gas Project in
the Peru. We introduce the anthropological concept of ‘glocalization’ and integrate this with organizational knowledge of
‘identity work’. Our findings demonstrate that identity work is a multi-faceted and boundary spanning process that significantly
affects stakeholder relations and contributes to conflict between local communities and oil and gas companies. Indigenous
identity can be both threatened and strengthened in response to natural gas development and is related to how individuals,
communities and the Machiguenga (as a collective) engage in identity work. We also discuss broader implications for management
ethics, including a discussion of how Indigenous self-identify processes create a challenge for stakeholder theory. 相似文献
2.
A Survey of Managers’ Perceptions of Corporate Ethics and Social Responsibility and Actions that may Affect Companies’ Success 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
This exploratory study examines how managers and professionals regard the ethical and social responsibility reputations of
60 well-known Australian and International companies, and how this in turn influences their attitudes and behaviour towards
these organisations. More than 350 MBA, other postgraduate business students, and participants in Australian Institute of
Management (Western Australia) management education programmes were surveyed to evaluate how ethical and socially responsible
they believed the 60 organisations to be. The survey sought to determine what these participants considered ‘ethical’ and
‘socially responsible’ behaviour in organisations to be. The survey also examined how the participants’ beliefs influenced
their attitudes and intended behaviours towards these organisations. The results of this survey indicate that many managers
and professionals have clear views about the ethical and social responsibility reputations of companies. This affects their
attitudes towards these organisations which in turn has an impact on their intended behaviour towards them. These findings
support the view in other research studies that well-educated managers and professionals are, to some extent, taking into
account the ethical and social responsibility reputations of companies when deciding whether to work for them, use their services
or buy shares in their companies. 相似文献
3.
A continuing challenge for researchers and practitioners alike is the lack of data on the effectiveness of corporate–community
investment programmes. The focus of this article is on the minerals industry, where companies currently face the challenge
of matching corporate drivers for strategic partnership with community needs for programmes that contribute to local and regional
sustainability. While many global mining companies advocate a strategic approach to partnerships, there is no evidence currently
available that suggests companies are monitoring these partnerships to see if they do, in fact, represent ‘strategic’ investments.
This article argues that applying the management concept of ‘investment performance’ to corporate–community partnerships requires
questioning traditional evaluation methods that focus on the results of programmes or activities. We adopt a case study approach
to introduce an evaluation framework that considers performance from both corporate and community perspectives and that conceptualises
partnership performance as comprising four aspects: (1) the contribution of the partnership to the overall portfolio of a
company’s community investment programmes, (2) the appropriateness of the partnership model, (3) the effectiveness of the
partnering relationship and (4) the ability of the partners to achieve programme goals. The application of this evaluation
framework to an established corporate–community partnership programme provided some useful insights as to how partnership
performance can be improved. 相似文献
4.
The dominance of agency theory can reduce our collective scope to analyse private equity in all its diversity and depth. We
contribute to theorisation of private equity by developing a contrasting perspective that draws on a rich tradition of virtue
ethics. In doing so, we juxtapose ‘private equity’ with ‘public good’ to develop points of rhetorical and analytical contrast.
We develop a typology differentiating various forms of private equity, and focus on the ‘take private’ form. These takeovers
are where private equity funds are used to buy all a firm’s publicly listed shares. Take private deals reduce reporting requirements
and lessen the amount of public scrutiny a firm comes under. They allow greater control of a firm’s assets and resources but
also have effects in terms of the wider social fabric. The ‘public good’ and virtue ethics offer an alternative basis for
theorisation of these deals. This provides a needed contrast to accounts of private equity based on agency theory. 相似文献
5.
David Dawson 《Journal of Business Ethics》2005,58(1-3):37-49
The use of narrative to communicate and convey particular points of view in society has increasingly become the focus of academic
attention in recent years. In particular, MacIntyre. (1985, 1988, 1990, 1999) has paid attention to the role of narrative
in the conflict between different traditions when developing his virtue approach to ethics. Whilst there has been continued
debate about the application of virtue approaches, some arguing that it is incompatible with business, I disagree and have
already argued for a form of virtue that will focus business on society’s needs rather than better business itself. Here I
continue to develop the argument in two ways. First, I will explore the predominant business narrative and offer some comment
on the ‘virtues’ that it promotes. However, rather than accepting this narrative, I want to challenge it with a narrative
from the environmental tradition. I consider how adopting the virtues promoted by an environmental narrative it would shape
business practices and challenge current business conventions. As a second step, I will focus on how we can change managers’
perceptions of business to reflect these environmentally based virtues. 相似文献
6.
Björn Fasterling 《Journal of Business Ethics》2012,106(1):73-87
This article introduces compliance disclosure regimes to business ethics research. Compliance disclosure is a relatively recent
regulatory technique whereby companies are obliged to disclose the extent to which they comply with codes, ‘best practice
standards’ or other extra-legal texts containing norms or prospective norms. Such ‘compliance disclosure’ obligations are
often presented as flexible regulatory alternatives to substantive, command-and-control regulation. However, based on a report
on experiences of existing compliance disclosure obligations, this article will identify major weaknesses that prevent them
from becoming effective mechanisms to discipline a certain type of behaviour. It will be argued that regulatory recourse to
compliance disclosure obligations is nonetheless worthwhile if we view them as mechanisms that can initiate a dialogue about
norm interpretation, application and norm desirability. From this perspective, compliance disclosure obligations serve less
to discipline companies by making corporate practices transparent, and more to trigger a process of norm development, in which
the law, companies and their stakeholders interact. This article provides an illustration of how mandatory disclosure, if
it is restricted to a unilateral communication process, may produce no effective results (or even prove counterproductive),
whilst highlighting the alternative potential of disclosure as an initiator of dialogue, supported by laws, geared towards
the development and refinement of norms applicable to business in a global context and the values they promote. 相似文献
7.
Etiënne A. J. A. Rouwette Jac A. M. Vennix Albert J. A. Felling 《Group Decision and Negotiation》2009,18(6):567-587
In the past decade there has been a discussion on the need for and degree of empirical evidence for the effectiveness of problem
structuring methods (PSMs). Some authors propose that PSMs are used in unique situations which are difficult to study, both
from a methodological and a practical perspective. In another view experimental validation is necessary and, if not obtained,
PSMs remain substantially invalidated and thus ‘suspect’ with regard to their claims of effectiveness. Both views agree on
one point: the necessity of being clear about the important factors in the context in which a method is used, the method’s
aims and its essential elements through which these aims are achieved. A clear formulation of central variables is the core
of a theoretical validation, without which empirical testing of effects is impossible. Since the process of PSMs is sometimes
referred to as ‘more art than science’, increased clarity on the PSM process also supports the transfer of methods. In this
article we consider goals important to most PSMs, such as consensus and commitment. We then focus on outcomes of group model
building, and expectations on how context and group modeling process contributes to outcomes. Next we discuss the similarity
of these central variables and relations to two sets of theories in social psychology: the theory of planned behavior and
dual process theories of persuasion. On the basis of these theories we construct a preliminary conceptual model on group model
building effectiveness and address its practical applicability for research on PSM. 相似文献
8.
We examine how UK listed companies set executive pay, reviewing the implications of following best practice in corporate governance and examining how this can conflict with what shareholders and other stakeholders might perceive as good behaviour. We do this by considering current governance regulation in the light of interviews with protagonists in the debate, setting out the dilemmas faced by remuneration-setters, and showing how the processes they follow can lead to ethical conflicts.Current ‘best’ practice governing executive pay includes the use of market benchmarks to determine salary and bonus levels, significant levels of performance-related pay, the desire for executives to hold equity in their companies, the disclosure of total shareholder return compared to an index, and a perceived need for conformity, in order to grant legitimacy to policies. Whilst each of these may in some circumstances lead to good practice, each has the potential to cause dysfunctional behaviour in executives.
Overall, we conclude that although best practice might drive good executive behaviour that coincides with the company’s and key stakeholders’ objectives, there are many reasons why it should not. 相似文献
9.
In the context of change to the “new modernity” described in Beck’s work, companies develop management modes and methods that
focus more and more on individuals. Constitutive of the individualization process, human resources practices have become ambivalent
as the process itself. This contribution examines how a managerial and organizational innovation as telework contributes to
the process of individualization, and the paradoxes it addresses to management. At the interface of the social and the technical,
teleworking appears as a flexible arrangement, meeting employees’ and employer’s demands – which is a characteristic of the
process of individualization – by simultaneously fragmenting collectivity, exposing individuals to social risk, and producing
exclusion. The authors focus on two consecutive paradoxes of such individualized managerial practices: the individual–collective
dilemma and the autonomy–control paradox. Finally, the paper reveals HRM as a new institution of individualization in a world
where regulation functions are more and more transferred to individuals themselves. 相似文献
10.
Arun A. Iyer 《Journal of Business Ethics》2006,67(4):393-406
In this article we discuss whether it pays to invest ethically. Our aim is to examine corporate social responsibility from
philosophical, moral and practical points of views. We focus on two main issues related to ethical investments. Firstly we
discuss the moral dilemma of how capitalism has changed its shape in today’s world and from ‘blaming the business’ there is
a general attempt to use the markets to promote ethics values and corporate social responsibility. Secondly, we analyze the
growth of ethical investment funds in the UK today, and their performance, and highlight some of the institutional investors
involved in the management of ethical funds. We discuss whether ethical investments really succeed in reducing the conflict
between profit-making and social responsibility as they promise or whether they use commercial rhetoric and market mechanism
to merely sell us our own perceived values back. We conclude that the paper has a key contribution in setting the scene for
future research in an area that is evolving and of fundamental importance to companies, investors and various stakeholder
groups. 相似文献
11.
Thomas Laudal 《Journal of Business Ethics》2010,96(1):63-77
Most empirical studies of corporate social responsibility (CSR) focus on variables at the company level. In this article,
I focus on the sector level: I consider features of the international clothing business and of the global economy in general,
that may influence the CSR potential. There is high ‘CSR potential’ when sector-specific features indicate that the risk of
violating CSR standards is high. Thus, ‘high CSR potential’ indicates that there is a potential for positive influence through
CSR-related actions. Based on several empirical studies of the clothing business, I identify six features that indicate a
high CSR potential. These features are shown to be consistent with more general features of the global economy. This holds
whether we emphasize asymmetric relations and unequal distribution, the product cycle, or transnationalization. Thus, the
CSR potential of the international clothing business seems not only to be a product of sector-specific properties, but also
of more systemic and general features of the global economy. This suggests that the CSR performance of individual companies
may enhance their social and environmental impact, but will probably have little effect on the features that determine the
CSR potential. In order to affect these features I argue, we rely on other institutions to act – mainly governments. Finally,
I conclude that this study shows that it is useful to identify the CSR potential of a business sector. We get a picture of
which part of the international CSR standards companies run the greatest risk of violating and of which structural issues
intergovernmental actions should address to reduce the potential for violating CSR standards. 相似文献
12.
The present study investigates how business ethics are related to vocational interest. Special attention has been paid to
the relationship between business ethics and the interest in ‘enterprising’ and ‘social’ oriented professions. The results
show that business ethics is only significantly correlated in a negative way, to enterprising vocational preferences. Moreover,
the negative contribution of business ethics to the preference for entrepreneurial and managerial professions remains after
controlling for personality and work values. Some work values also predict the entrepreneurial interest: Earnings, Influence,
Competition, Innovation and Creativity. The personality traits Extraversion (positive) and Agreeableness (negative) have predictive
validity, but this effect disappears after controlling for work values. In the ‘Discussion’ section, we pay attention to possible consequences of the negative relationship between business ethics and Entrepreneurial
interest for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). We argue that efforts concerning realistic job previews will only be meaningful
if they are completed with efforts to make people more sensitive for ethics in two other domains, namely education and business. 相似文献
13.
John Dobson 《Journal of Business Ethics》2010,93(3):393-400
The article begins with a brief history of aesthetic theory. Particular attention is given to the postructuralist ‘aesthetic
return’: the resurgence of interest in aesthetics as an ontological foundation for human being-in-the-world. The disordered
individual-as-emergent-artist-and-artifact, who is at the centre of this ‘aesthetic return’, is then translated into the ‘dis’-organization
that is the firm. The firm is thus defined in terms of its primal sensory impact on the world. It invokes a myriad of aesthetic
relations between its disorganized self and others: its essence resides within these relations; its power of being is determined
by its ability to project a unified aesthetic ideal – a ‘mirror fantasy’. The firm thus emerges as a style: where style is
defined as an organizing – a sculpting – of aesthetic chaos. In order to achieve a grand style, the firm projects itself through
time as a unified aesthetic ideal; as an ongoing work of art. The article concludes with a discussion of how this aesthetic
theory of the firm relates to other accepted theories of the nature and purpose of business organizations. 相似文献
14.
In attempting to explain or deal with negative workplace behaviours such as workplace bullying, the notion of ‘workplace psychopaths’
has recently received much attention. Focusing on individual aspects of negative workplace behaviour is at odds with more
systemic approaches that recognise the contribution of individual, organisational and societal influences, without seeking
to blame a person(s) for their behaviour or personality disorder. Regarding a coworker as a psychopath is highly stigmatising,
and given the relatively low prevalence of psychopathy in the community, is likely to be incorrect. Sources promoting the
notion of workplace psychopathy provide lists of diagnostic criteria and appear to encourage the perception that it is common.
This research examines how lay persons use behavioural criteria consistent with psychopathy and the label ‘psychopath’ in
relation to a coworker. 307 Australian workers completed an online survey concerning their experience of workplace bullying,
which also asked them to rate a coworker’s behaviour on a range of scales to assess perceptions of psychopathy. Rates of psychopathy,
when using labels and behavioural criteria, were found to be much higher than scientific estimates of prevalence, for both
participants who had been bullied and those who had not. A higher proportion of non-bullied participants classified a coworker
as a psychopath when using the label ‘psychopath’, compared to when using behavioural criteria. The notion that there are
psychopaths in every workplace should be treated with caution to ensure that the potential for ‘misdiagnosis’ and stigmatisation
do not cause further harm in situations of unacceptable workplace behaviours. 相似文献
15.
Leo Paul Dana Robert T. Hamilton Kirsten Wick 《Journal of International Entrepreneurship》2009,7(2):79-87
This paper confirms a mapping between a taxonomy of entrepreneurs and what triggered Singaporeans to become exporters. The
study involved interviews with 47 new exporters based in Singapore. Entrepreneurs were classified as either ‘opportunity seeking’
or ‘reactive’. Export triggers were either ‘pull’, negative ‘push’, or positive ‘push’. We find that those who were opportunity
seeking at start-up were more likely to have responded to export ‘pull’ forces. It was rare indeed for a reactive founder
to have been ‘pulled’ into exporting. Among this group of entrepreneurs, ‘push’ forces dominated the decision to export. The
paper concludes with some implications for policy targeting and suggestions for further research. 相似文献
16.
Bin Jiang 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,85(1):77-92
Western buying companies impose Supplier Codes of Conduct (SCC) on their suppliers in developing countries; however, many
suppliers cannot fully comply with SCC and some of them even cheat in SCC. In this research, we link contract characteristics
– price pressure, production complexity, contract duration – to the likelihood of supplier’s commitment to SCC through a mediating
process: how the buying companies govern their suppliers. Our structural equation model analysis shows that the hierarchy/relational
norms governance is a perfect mediator of contract characteristics’ effects on the likelihood of supplier’s commitment; the
market governance, an insignificant one. The managerial implications are provided for successfully implementing SCC in global
supply chains. 相似文献
17.
Debra Z. Basil Mary S. Runte M. Easwaramoorthy Cathy Barr 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,85(Z2):387-398
Company support for employee volunteerism (CSEV) benefits companies, employees, and society while helping companies meet the
expectations of corporate social responsibility (CSR). A nationally representative telephone survey of 990 Canadian companies
examined CSEV through the lens of Porter and Kramer’s (2006, ‘Strategy and society: the link between competitive advantage
and corporate social responsibility’, Harvard Business Review, 78–92.) CSR model. The results demonstrated that Canadian companies passively support employee volunteerism in a variety
of ways, such as allowing employees to take time off without pay (71%) or adjusting their work schedules (78%). These Responsive
CSR efforts contribute to the company’s value chain by enhancing employee morale, a perceived CSEV benefit. More active forms
of support requiring company time or money are less common; for example, 29% allow time off with pay. Companies perceive that
support for employee volunteering enhances their public image, a Responsive CSR strategy when employed to ameliorate a damaged
reputation or a Strategic CSR strategy when contributing to a competitive position. A minority perceive challenges like covering
the workload. Many companies target and/or exclude particular causes and link CSEV efforts with other philanthropic donations,
suggesting a Strategic CSR application of CSEV. Where programs exist, they frequently are neither tracked nor evaluated, suggesting
that companies are not using these programs as strategically as they might. 相似文献
18.
Corporate responsibility (CR) communication has risen dramatically in recent years, following increased demands for transparency.
One tendency noted in the literature is that CR communication is organised and structured. Corporations tend to professionalise
CR communication in the sense that they provide information that corresponds to demands for transparency that are voiced
by certain stakeholders. This also means that experts within the firm tend to communicate with professional stakeholders outside
the firm. In this article, a particular aspect of the organisation of CR communication is examined, a phenomenon that we refer
to as the ‘filtration effect’. By comparing CR communication in parent companies and their subsidiaries, we show empirically
that there is considerably less CR communication on the subsidiary level compared to the parent level. We see filtration as
a sign of conscious organising of CR communication that implies particular attention to certain stakeholder groups with clearly
defined demands and expectations on companies. The strong filtration effect noted in the study suggests that CR communication
does not seem to be very much adapted to customers, which may be problematic both from a communicative and ethical perspective.
The study covers Sweden’s 206 largest retail firms. 相似文献
19.
Management theory and practice are facing unprecedented challenges. The lack of sustainability, the increasing inequity, and
the continuous decline in societal trust pose a threat to ‘business as usual’ (Jackson and Nelson, 2004). Capitalism is at a crossroad and scholars, practitioners, and policy makers are called to rethink business strategy in
light of major external changes (Arena, 2004; Hart, 2005). In the following, we review an alternative view of human beings that is based on a renewed Darwinian theory developed by
Lawrence and Nohria (2002). We label this alternative view ‘humanistic’ and draw distinctions to current ‘economistic’ conceptions. We then develop
the consequences that this humanistic view has for business organizations, examining business strategy, governance structures,
leadership forms, and organizational culture. Afterward, we outline the influences of humanism on management in the past and
the present, and suggest options for humanism to shape the future of management. In this manner, we will contribute to the
discussion of alternative management paradigms that help solve the current crises. 相似文献
20.
Fair Trade companies have pulled off an astonishing tour de force. Despite their relatively small size and lack of resources, they have managed to achieve considerable commercial success
and, in so doing, have put the fair trade issue firmly onto industry agendas. We analyse the critical role played by social
capital in this success and demonstrate the importance of values as an exploitable competitive asset. Our research raises
some uncomfortable questions about whether fair trade has ‘sold out’ to the mainstream and whether these companies have any
independent future or whether their ultimate success lies in the impact they have had on day-to-day trading behaviour. 相似文献