与时俱进的中国商标法律制度

今年8月23日．是我国《商标法》公布20周年纪念日。1979年以来．我国将包括商标保护制度在内的知识产权保护作为改革开放和社会主义法制建设的重要组成部分．制定了一系列有关知识产权保护的法律、法规：加入了相关的国际公约．并积极参加相关国际组织发起的活动；加强了同世界各国在这方面的交流与合作。     

商标恶意诉讼的法律规制

<正>一、知识产权保护的趋势严格执行知识产权保护制度和保护政策,持续激发市场主体创新活力是促进我国创新能力更上一层楼的关键^[1]。目前,我国“双创”热潮仍在持续,政府部门要积极推进创业,促进经济发展,提高就业质量,增强创新效果,就必须重视知识产权保护。     

地理标志与中国葡萄酒原产地域保护

地理标志与葡萄酒原产地域保护 根据WTO《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》（TRIPS）中的定义：地理标志是指原产于某一成员国领土或该领土上某个地区或某一地点的产品的鉴别标志：标志产品的质量、声誉或其它确定的特性主要决定于其原产地。很显然，地理标志属于保护工业知识产权的一个分支部分，我国也于1985年加入《保护工业产权巴黎公约》，在国际范围内来承认和保护地理标志。     

中医药传统知识保护的困境及出路

分析目前中医药所面临的困境及现行知识产权制度对传统知识保护的优缺点,提出充分利用地理标志来保护中医药传统知识可以较好地起到“保护中医中药的国际声誉,提升传统中医药产品的国际竞争力”的论点。文中详述了地理标志保护中医药传统知识的意义及如何申请地理标志、需保护的主体和客体、权利的范围等等,同时也客观指出了地理标志的一些局限性。     

当前经济形势下的企业知识产权战略优化研究

我国加入WTO后,随着贸易壁垒和行政壁垒的逐渐消失,国外企业纷纷运用专利构筑技术壁垒来限制我国企业产品进入国际市场.欧美等创新型国家已拥有较完善的知识产权制度,为维护其市场地位和经济利益势必要运用知识产权来打压中国企业.我国企业要认清形势,积极学习借鉴外国企业知识产权战略,研究制定本企业知识产权战略,加快培育拥有自主知识产权的关键技术、知名品牌,增强企业市场竞争力,主动参与国际竞争,进而增强国家核心竞争力.     

地理标志保护中的冲突及完善设想

一、地理标志保护制度现状 地理标志是标示某商品来源于某地区,该商品的特定质量、信誉或其他特征,主要由该地区的自然因素或人文因素所决定的标志。《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》将地理标志作为知识产权的一种,明确要求各缔约国给予保护。我国是一个传统农业国家,地大物博,历史悠久。     

加入WTO对中国商标的影响——Trips协议回顾与反思

2001年12月11日,我国正式成为世界贸易组织成员,并履行《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》（以下简称Trips协议）规定的义务。1985年我国加入《保护工业产权巴黎公约》（以下简称《巴黎公约》）,《巴黎公约》是保护知识产权的重要公约,Trips协议是在《巴黎公约》的基础上增加了一些保护知识产权的具体条款。Trips协议包括对各种知识产权的保护规定,十年来,它对商标领域的发展产生了重要的影响。     

政府采购扶持的自主创新产品的评价指标体系

自主创新是我国科学技术发展的战略基点和调整产业结构、转变经济增长方式的中心环节.国务院也制定了相关的配套措施,通过政府采购来扶持自主创新产品.本文从自主创新与自主知识产权、自主创新与技术引进的关系出发,提出自主创新的内涵,并在此基础上,设计政府采购扶持的自主创新产品的评价指标体系.     

《关于加强与科技有关的知识产权保护和管理工作的若干意见》

为贯彻落实中共中央、国务院《关于加强技术创新，发展高科技，实现产业化的决定》精神，进一步加强技术创新活动中与科技有关的知识产权保护和管理工作，科学技术部日前发布了《关于加强与科技有关的知识产权保护和管理工作的若干意见》。知识产权是促进技术创新，加速高科技成果产业化，提高经济竞争力的一项重要法律制度。随着当代高新技术及其产业迅猛发展，科技经济一体化趋势日渐加快，知识产权制度在国家经济、社会发展和科技进步中的战略地位进一步增强，成为国家技术创新体系的重要组成部分。通过十多年的努力，我国初步形成了保…     

最高人民法院公布八起知识产权司法保护典型案例

日前，最高人民法院召开新闻发布会，向社会公布八起知识产权司法保护典型案例。 案例1：申请人美国礼来公司、礼来（中国）研发有限公司与被申请人黄孟炜行为保全申请案 本案的典型意义：修改后的民事诉讼法增加规定了行为保全制度，将其适用范围扩大到全部民事案件领域。行为保全措施是权利人在紧急情况下保护其权利的有效手段。人民法院根据当事人申请积极合理采取知识产权保全措施，可以充分利用保全制度的时效性，提高知识产权司法救济的及时性、便利性和有效性，对于加大知识产权保护力度具有重要促进意义。     

我国知识产权保护面临的挑战和威胁

随着我国对外贸易的持续发展,我们面临越来越多的知识产权的挑战与威胁。知识产权保护纠纷的原因,归根结底,就是“利益”两个字。在世界产业价值链评估中,工业产品的80%利润集中在以知识产权为核心的商标、专利之上。现如今,知识产权已以成为跨国公司争夺市场、谋取更大利益的主要工具。但是,我国在知识产权方面,还相对较弱,因此,国外企业抓住这一弱点,极力打压我国出口产品。本文主要对来自外部的挑战和威胁展开分析。     

技术性贸易壁垒与中国高技术产品出口——基于扩展贸易引力模型的经验分析

本文基于扩展的贸易引力模型,使用2000~2015 年中国同22 个贸易伙伴国的面板数据,并引入和技术性贸易壁垒以及高技术产品密切相关的知识产权保护这一变量,实证考察进口国TBT 对中国高技术产品出口的影响。结果表明：（1）进口国实施 TBT 或进行知识产权保护均会抑制中国高技术产品的出口,但抑制作用并不显著;（2）若进口国将TBT 和知识产权保护相结合形成更为隐蔽的技术性贸易壁垒,将会显著抑制中国高技术产品的出口;（3）中国高技术产品出口呈现行业差异,其中医药制造业受到的抑制效应最大;（4）由于技术模仿和产品同质化现象的存在,中国高技术产品出口会在中高收入国家遭遇更为严重的TBT,对出口的抑制效应会更大。中国应将知识产权保护政策作为应对进口国TBT的一种补充,在保证高技术产品贸易健康发展的同时推动出口产业向中高端发展。     

Book Reviews

Technological Collaboration in Industry; strutegy, policy and internationalization in innovation
Corporate Venturing: Creating New Businesses within the Firm
Handbook of Innovation Management
Technology and enterprise in a historical perspective
Intellectual Property for Engineers
The Ernst & Young Business Plan Guide
crnagement as a New Technology
Mass Customization: The New Frontier in Business Competition     

Book reviews

Books reviewed:
Ove, Granstrand, Economics, Law and Intellectual Property: Seeking Strategies for Research and Teaching in a Developing Field
Ahmed Bounfour, The Management of Intangibles – the organisation's most valuable assets
R. S. Kaplan and D. P. Norton, Strategy Maps – converting intangible assets into tangible outcomes
Henry W. Lane, Martha L. Maznevski, Mark E. Mendenhall and Jeanne McNett, The Blackwell Handbook of Global Management – A Guide to Managing Complexity
Scott Shane, Edward Elgar, Academic Entrepreneurship: University Spin offs and Wealth Creation     

Organization, programme and structure: an analysis of the Chinese innovation policy framework

The paper first identifies the stakeholders involved in the design and implementation of China's innovation policy and compares them with different government systems in selected Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. In order to disclose the relative strength and weaknesses inside China's innovation policy framework, we proceed to utilize policy practices in the OECD countries as a guideline to examine China's innovation policy in five categories: reform in the public S&T institutions, financial policy, business innovation support structure, human resource policy and legislative actions. Subsequently, several weak components of the Chinese innovation policy framework are identified and two of them are selected for further analysis: education and human resource policy, and protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). Finally, the paper provides some priorities and possible actions for future innovation policy developments in China.     

我国物业管理发展存在的问题及对策思考

随着我国经济的快速发展和城市开发进程的加快，物业管理已形成规模，其效益日趋明显。在物业管理过程中存在的问题也逐渐暴露，对其加以分析研究，并提出解决问题的对策，有着重要的现实意义。我国物业管理企业应建立科学的人力资源管理机制，向知识化管理过渡，走专业化、集团化、品牌化和以人为本的发展之路。     

The management of technological innovation in the machine tool industry: a cross-national regional survey of Britain and Switzerland

Abstract
The research was undertaken during 1983 to find out why a country such as Switzerland has been able to manage innovation in a mature industry, such as machine tools, much more successfully than Britain. The methodology used was by structured interviews of Managing Directors in a sample of firms in the two important machine tool regions of Berne and Yorkshire/Humberside. The results cover the main types of innovation in products and processes, the reasons for innovation and the problems which were encountered by the companies visited. We found that the Swiss firms were strong on product innovation. The most important innovation was the introduction of computer numerical control (CNC), and the Swiss firms had on average introduced this earlier than the British firms and it accounted for a larger proportion of their turnover. The main problem for firms in both countries was in adjusting to upstream developments in electronic controls. The Swiss had better downstream market links with their customers who were mostly in foreign countries. Some British firms were handicapped by being part of company groups and used public sector grants for their innovation, whereas the largely independent Swiss firms carried out more self-financing.     

Crop biotechnology and the African farmer

Recent reports, workshops and meetings on GM (Genetically Modified) crops tend to characterize GM food production as a solution to Africa’s food crisis. However, GM crops are currently grown commercially in only one country in Africa – South Africa. Biotechnology tools range from tissue culture to molecular breeding and genetic engineering. This paper focuses on GM crop improvement and analyzes the development of seven GM crops (six food staples and cotton) over the past 15 years in Africa. The case studies reveal a number of unexpected scientific, legal, economic and political barriers to the development of GM crops and long delays in developing and implementing national biosafety regulations and guidelines. We conclude that most GM crops are at least 10–15 years or longer from reaching smallholder farmers in Africa. During this time special attention should be given to strengthening conventional plant breeding programs in NARS (National Agricultural Research Systems), African universities and the CGIAR. Biotechnology approaches must be nested and integrated into plant breeding programs. Special attention should also be given to raising public awareness of biotechnology, mobilizing political support and commitment to strengthening African capacity in biotechnology, biosafety, food safety and IPR (Intellectual Property Rights) and mounting long-term training programs to train the next generation of African plant breeders and GM crop specialists.     

How would Swiss consumers decide if they had freedom of choice? Evidence from a field study with organic,conventional and GM corn bread

In 2005, the Swiss expressed their negative attitude towards genetic engineering in agriculture by voting in favor of a ban to use genetically modified (GM) crops in domestic agriculture. At the same time, certain GM food products remain approved but are not on offer since retailers assume that consumers would shun labeled GM food. In our study we tested this claim by conducting a large-scale field study with Swiss consumers. In our experimental design, three clearly labeled types of corn bread were offered at five different market stands across the French and German-speaking part of Switzerland: one made with organic, one made with conventional, and one made with genetically modified (GM) corn. In addition, we tested the consistency between purchasing decision at the market stand and the previous voting decision on GMOs in 2005 by means of an ex-post questionnaire. The results of our discrete choice analysis show that Swiss consumers treat GM foods just like any other type of novel food. We conclude from our findings that consumers tend to appreciate transparency and freedom of choice even if one of the offered product types is labeled as containing a genetically modified ingredient. Retailers should allow consumers to make their own choice and accept the fact that not all people appear to be afraid of GM food.     

智力资本激励的制度安排

在知识经济时代，智力资本已经成为经济与社会发展的最为稀缺的资源，如何通过分配制度安排对智力资本进行有效的激励，就成为企业可持续发展的核心与关键。在目前条件下，智力资本的分配激励制定安排主要有股份期权激励、职工持股计划、股份有限合伙制和知识共享激励等，它们分别对应着不同的制度条件，而股份期权激励和股份有限合伙制是对智力资本进行分配激励的有效方式。