旧区改造需要突破障碍

旧区改造是为了创造城市良好的发展环境，有计划地、成片地改造城市的旧建筑，旧设施和旧产业，建立新建筑、新设施和新产业的一项全方位的社会活动。旧区改造同动拆迁之间有密切的关系，旧区改造一般要进行成规模的动拆迁，动拆迁构成旧区改造的前期工作和基础工作。上海是全国最大的城市，是中国城市旧区改造的一个缩影，下文将以上海作为主要对象进行讨论。     

上海跨世纪旧居住区改造研究

旧居住区改造(以下称“旧区改造”)是城市建设永恒的主题.对于上海这样一个有着数百年历史的城市来说,尤其如此。在历史即将跨入新世纪之际,回眸数十年旧区改造走过的路程,展望未来,描绘新一轮旧区改造的蓝图,对于振奋上海市民的精神,鼓舞再创新世纪经     

上海中心城区土地储备融资多元化的实践探索

土地储备是推动上海中心城区旧区改造的重要手段和主要方式,土地储备的融资渠道决定了旧区改造的资金来源。＂十二五＂期间,上海目标拆除中心城区二级旧里以下房屋300万平方米,2010-2013年已完成190万平方米,2014年、2015年分别计划完成55万平方米,预计资金需求1500亿元。2013年11月,国务院《关于进一步加强棚户区改造融资的通知》提出,要加强企业债券、信托融资等渠道的尝试,积极鼓励社会资金参与旧区改造。     

上海市国有土地旧改征收新政遗留问题社会稳定风险评估方法研究

旧区改造是一项事关人民群众根本利益的社会综合性工作。通过旧改,一大批市民的居住条件得到了改善,但因旧区改造中搬迁补偿而引发的社会矛盾,在信访工作中属于多发且棘手的矛盾纠纷类型。本文针对国有土地上旧改征收新政遗留问题,结合笔者多年来在社会稳定风险评估咨询工作中的实践,对房屋征收与补偿这一重大决策事项的稳评工作进行思考,提出风险防范化解意见和建议,以更好体现“人民城市人民建,人民城市为人民”的城市建设理念,使旧改尽快见成效。     

适老改造宜居指标的研究

据2007年底统计,上海市住宅总面积为3.8亿平方米,其中旧住宅约1.4亿平方米,占36.84%。自1999年起,上海市启动了大规模的旧住宅综合改造。2012年5月,上海市政府发布了《上海市人民政府办公厅关于加快推进本市"十二五"旧区改造若干问题的意见》,显示出进一步推进旧住宅综合改造的信心。目前,旧住宅小区综合改造项目难以满足老年人的需求,在大规模的旧区改造     

上海市旧区改造和动拆迁工作的思考

上海市旧区改造和动拆迁工作中面临困扰，但无法否定旧区改造和动拆迁的根本必要性：为了坚定不移地进行旧区改造和动拆迁工作，笔认为：要以科学发展观统领旧区改造和动拆迁工作；从起点上规范旧改土地的安排，杜绝动拆迁后患；坚持和完善等价交换补偿的改革方向；两条腿走路考虑动迁安置房源；严格区别并妥善处理动拆迁问题和非动拆迁问题；规范操作动拆迁应该成为基本原则。     

老镇旧区改造实践及其政策思考

老镇旧区改造是提升人民群众生活质量的一项重大社会工程。多年来，在各级党和政府的努力下，取得了可观的成绩。有资料显示．自上世纪90年代初起，以改造中心城区二级旧里为重点的旧改工作，已基本完成。作为城市化的近郊区旧改问题被提到议事日程上来。     

基于利益相关者的旧区改造公众参与策略研究

上海先后经历了两轮大规模旧区改造的高潮，第一轮是1992年～2000年的“365危棚简改造”，第二轮是2001年～2005年的“新一轮旧区改造”，其标志性事件是2001年上海市政府圈定了1000万平方米共307块地块用于改造。通过这两轮旧区改造，上海拆除了中心城区大量的旧住房，极大地改变了城区面貌，改善了居民的居住条件，城市市政道路等基础设施也得到了根本性的改善。     

基地联动,资源统筹,推进宝山区旧房成套改造——以海滨新村为例

旧区改造是提高市民居住质量、改善城区居住环境的重要途径．是全面建成小康社会的重要举描。为进一步推进宝山区旧改工作，需要形成老镇改造、成套改造以及动迂工作一盘棋的“大旧改“格局，实施不同基地间的联动，整合基地资源优势，采取拆落地模式增加居住面积．从根本上解决居住和管理问题。     

上海市人民政府印发 关于进一步推进本市旧区改造工作若干意见的通知

住房问题是重要的民生问题。旧区改造是提高市民居住质量、改善城区居住环境的重要途径，是贯彻落实科学发展观、全面建设小康社会、构建社会主义和谐社会的重要举措。上海历届市委、市政府十分重视旧区改造工作。上世纪90年代“365”危棚简屋改造，本世纪初新一轮旧区改造．以及“十一五”中心城区二级旧里以下房屋改造，全市共拆除危旧房7000多万平方米，约120万户家庭改善了居住条件。     

欧美棕地的治理与再开发

快速城市化使城市对土地的需求日益增加,同时,部分发达城市中心城区的工厂开始搬离从而遗留下了大片旧工业区——棕地。棕地再开发可以部分满足城市转型发展的用地需要和改善城市的面貌,但棕地再开发之前需要进行一系列的综合治理。作为主要参与者的政府、开发商和非营利机构在棕地治理和再开发中扮演着不同的重要角色,从而决定了不同的与棕地治理和再开发相关的制度安排。从棕地治理与再开发参与者的角度出发,通过对比欧美城市的不同参与者在开发中所起作用的异同点,探讨给我国带来的启示。     

谈当前中国城市发展中的一些问题

盲目大城市化的后果是土地利用率低下,过度超前的基础设施闲置,城市人气不足,经济效益不显著.把旧城改造简单地演变为城市重建或新建,其后果是破坏城市历史文脉、割断城市发展机理、丢弃原有城市特色.为了遏制住宅住房价格的非理性上涨,有必要改革现行的土地使用管理制度.城市政府必须采取有效措施,使每一个城市居民都能够得到必要的住房,不能由于少数人把住房用于投资或投机.而影响、妨碍弱势群体居住的权利.     

The Real Estate Frontier

Africa's major cities are experiencing dramatic transformation as a result of growing real estate investment. This article explores whether existing theories can explain the dynamics of urban redevelopment in an African context, and how African cases can inform new theorizations of real estate driven urban transformation. Examining the utility of theories of gentrification and speculative urbanism for understanding urban redevelopment in Accra, Ghana, it argues that urban redevelopment in this city has been shaped by its particular (post)colonial history of state land acquisition and urban planning. Rather than simply identifying empirical variation on established theories, however, the article draws on recent research on commodity frontiers to propose an original theorization of urban redevelopment in Accra in terms of the production of a ‘real estate frontier’. This real estate frontier is characterized by the incremental and contested commodification of state land to enable the growth of the real estate sector in the city. The article concludes by calling for a comparative research agenda to better understand real estate frontiers globally.     

论城市改造的谨慎更新理论与实践——以柏林为例

城市改造是城市研究与实践中一个极具争议性的论题。本文以德国首都柏林市的城市改造为例,梳理、分析了"谨慎更新"理念形成的脉络及其实践含义,着重考察了从大拆大建向谨慎更新转变过程中所蕴含的有关城市发展理念和政治经济格局等多重因素的相互作用,以期对我国的城市改造有所启示。     

Urban Industrial Land Redevelopment and Contamination Risk

This study examines the role of contamination risk on urban industrial redevelopment in the City of Chicago. The theoretical framework is the myopic optimal redevelopment rule which states that the redevelopment of an urban parcel will occur when the parcel's value through conversion to a new use, net of construction costs, exceeds the value of the same parcel continuing in its current use. Contamination liability is modeled as a land demolition cost that is capitalized into bid value. Assuming that the magnitude of this land demolition cost is a function of the a priori probability of contamination, the effects of contamination risk on land value and on the probability of redevelopment are estimated.     

Razing San Francisco: The 1906 disaster as a natural experiment in urban redevelopment

Urban developers face frictions in the process of redeveloping land, the timing of which depends on many economic factors. This timing can be disrupted by a large shock that destroys thousands of buildings, which could then have substantial short-run and long-run effects. Studying the impact of an urban disaster, therefore, can provide unique insight into urban dynamics. Exploiting the 1906 San Francisco Fire as an exogenous reduction in the city’s building stock, this paper examines residential density across razed and unburned areas between 1900 and 2011. In prominent residential neighborhoods, density increased at least 60 percent in razed areas relative to unburned areas by 1914, and a large density differential still exists today. These outcomes suggest that thriving cities face substantial redevelopment frictions in the form of durable buildings and that large shocks can greatly alter the evolution of urban land-use outcomes over time.     

Justifying Redevelopment ‘Failures' Within Urban ‘Success Stories': Dispute,Compromise, and a New Test of Urbanity

Large‐scale waterfront redevelopment projects, an urban development phenomenon that originated in the 1970s, are attractive to a growing suite of cities worldwide. But why? These mega‐projects are full of pitfalls, broken promises, cost overruns, disappointments and are often accused of promoting inequality. In this article, we consider the specific case of Melbourne's Docklands, which local popular opinion has roundly judged a failure despite the countervailing judgment of success in the revival of ‘liveability' of the adjacent Melbourne central business district. We use the Docklands case to illustrate the utility of a ‘critical pragmatic' framework of analysis to get behind dominant explanations of the demands of the urban growth machine and postmodern neoliberal capitalism. Without denying the existence of these dynamics, nor their hegemony, we nevertheless explicate how a critical pragmatic analysis can reveal the social dynamics driving the judgments and justifications offered by actors in urban redevelopment. A pragmatic analysis of these dynamics of argument and action at critical moments in the long process of an urban redevelopment can reveal new kinds of compromises and tests by which these projects are judged. In other words, what counts as failure and as success in the work of city building will shift, depending on what actors do and how they talk about it, and on how well these actions and justifications hold up to public challenges about the true character of a successful city. By gauging how these challenges are constituted and settled, we can better understand the evolution of the urban value proposition, and the new notion of justice grounded in urbanity that is emerging at the urban redevelopment frontier.     

Placing the Urban Village: A Spatial Perspective on the Development Process of Urban Villages in Contemporary China

The rapid urbanization of China since the mid‐1980s has led to the development of a new spatial category, the urban village (chengzhongcun). The dominant neoliberal urban development regime approaches urban villages as a social, spatial, economic and political problem, and as targets for aggressive redevelopment and eradication policies. In this article, I propose a spatial perspective that makes use of several theoretical ‘anchors' to analyze the influence of urban village spatiality on its development process and to explore alternatives to the dominant redevelopment model. I begin by examining the spatial conceptualization of the urban village as a non‐place, arguing that this spatial reading undergirds the redevelopment‐by‐demolition model and tends to obscure alternative conceptualizations. I then move on to propose three alternative readings of urban village space, examining it as an everyday space, a liminal space and a neighborhood. Combining these three readings with the ‘non‐place' conceptualization provides a nuanced understanding of urban villages' unique spatial attributes and social roles, by evoking spatial and social processes that take place in most urban villages across China. Taken together, these spatial readings challenge the social and spatial rigidity of dominant representations of urban villages and supply a much‐needed spatially based conceptual framework that can be used to develop new urban planning models.     

Fragmentation in Urban Movements: The Role of Urban Planning Processes

Urban plans and projects that aim to initiate the redevelopment and gentrification of urban areas create social and ecological pressures on urban environments and thereby stimulate urban movements. These movements have a lifespan, which evolves in interaction with planning authorities under local or central governments and may be marked by institutionalization and co‐optation, as well as fragmentation among the people involved in them. Fragmentations are usually based on conflicting individual and collective interests, but may also be the result of different political perspectives in groups. This article is based on a case study conducted in two adjacent gecekondu neighbourhoods of Istanbul, Gülsuyu and Gülensu, where urban politics have played an important role in efforts to resist plans for urban transformation. It shows that fragmentations are very likely to occur in urban movements during planning processes in a neoliberal era, owing to the different perspectives in the movement on what the just city is.     

Making the ‘Invisible’ Visible: Redevelopment‐induced Displacement of Migrants in Shenzhen,China

Gentrification in China is intertwined with urban redevelopment, which causes the large‐scale displacement of rural–urban migrants from ‘villages in the city’ (ViCs). Because of the informality of ViCs, migrant renters have very insecure tenancy and during redevelopment they are treated as a negligible (‘invisible’) social group. As they are very difficult to locate after displacement, they are also literally invisible to researchers. To make the invisible visible, this study traced a sample of displaced migrants from Huangbeiling village in Shenzhen. The focus was on the displacement process and on identifying the consequences for the displaced. We found various forms of displacement during the redevelopment process. Nearby ViCs were prioritized by displaced migrants to minimize as much utility loss as possible. However, they generally suffer from decreased proximity, increased living costs, and the loss of social networks and job opportunities. Remarkably, some choose to return to the gentrifying village, enduring displacement in situ caused by increasing rents, drastic physical neighbourhood changes and declining liveability, in exchange for retaining their original social and economic networks. Large‐scale urban redevelopment is causing the rapid shrinkage of informal housing. Recognizing and addressing the housing needs of this impoverished social group is a matter of urgency.