国际油田服务公司一体化发展的经验和启示

油田服务行业的一体化服务模式是通过强化公司资源的集中统一调配和管理,以综合项目管理为导向,增强油气勘探生产活动各环节技术服务业务的紧密性,为石油公司提供“一站式”服务和综合性解决方案.油服公司运作一体化服务需要具备六个要素.全球油服领域“三巨头”(斯伦贝谢、哈里伯顿、贝克休斯)发展一体化服务能力的经验表明:先进的理念与完善的组织机构是发展一体化服务的基础;技术研发和信息系统是实施一体化服务的有效保障;收购兼并与业务重组是扩展服务领域和快速提升服务能力的重要手段;战略联盟作为新型合作模式可加速一体化服务模式的发展.与国外油服公司相比,中国油服公司的一体化服务能力略显不足.提高一体化服务能力,需要加大投入,提高技术创新能力;引进人才,培养开发复合型人才;组织保障,以战略目标考核作引导;适时兼并,跨越式扩大规模;发挥比较优势,积极参与国际竞争.     

中国战略性技术及其产业化的七大问题

在国际经济竞争越来越激烈的今天，大国之间的竞争更多地表现为战略技术的竞争和战略产业的竞争。所以，无论美国还是欧盟，无一不是把发展自己的战略技术和战略产业放到了重要的地位。中国作为一个大国，要想在世界竞争格局中获得相对优势地位，没有自己的战略技术和战略产业是不可能的。但是，中国发展自己的战略技术和战略产业，也存在着相当的困难。这些问题有些是来自战略技术和战略产业自身属性的，有些则是根源于中国基本经济结构和产业发展水平。21世纪是战略技术和战略产业竞争的世纪，谁拥有更多的战略技术并成功地使其产业化，谁将在未来的竞争中胜出。中国要在这样一场竞争中获得优势位置，必须解决好自身所面临的七个重大问题。即战略产业的高度战略化和低度市场化、高度战略化与高度市场化、低端技术市场化与高端技术政治化、巨量资金需求与筹资渠道狭窄、绝对比较劣势与相对比较优势、跟踪战略与超越战略、国家意志与民营载体。     

石化企业核心竞争力的分析

研究石化企业的核心竞争力的特征和结构，提出企业发展核心竞争力的战略。中国石化企业面临着国际资源市场资金竞争日益激烈、跨国公司影响力剧增、环保要求越来越高的新形势。要重视研究与开发(R&D)，加强核心竞争力战略研究，在国际竞争中培养成长能力、提升价值能力、发展独有技术，在战略重组和竞争合作中，转变发展方式、发挥优势、调整结构，走上可持续发展和绿色发展之路。     

International management of R&D: The Swedish Experience

This paper summarizes the results of in-depth case studies of international R&D management in four Swedish multinational corporations. The results suggest that foreign volumes and shares of R&D expenditures are rapidly increasing. Through a rapidly increasing number of foreign acquisitions, foreign R&D laboratories have been added. As part of international rationalization of production, foreign units have been given global product mandates with responsibility both for manufacturing and R&D. In maturing foreign subsidiaries, routine technical activities have often evolved into proper R&D. Tight labour market conditions for engineers in Sweden have made it increasingly necessary to exploit existing technical capacity, regardless of location.
Concurrently, companies face new pressures for international coordination and control of R&D. Coordination is required to reduce product differentiation, to facilitate technology transfer and to ensure the technical and market compatibility of products and components developed at different locations but sold as part of total systems. Drawing on the experience in the four investigated companies, the paper discusses how systems and procedures can be developed to meet the need for coordinated international R&D management.     

国外石油石化公司面向新世纪的发展战略

世界石油石化公司为迎接新世纪的挑战，采取了诸多发展战略：兼并联合重组，建立战略联盟，产业结构调整，全球化经营，规模经济，技术创新，高效利用天然气，开发石油替代能源，环境保护，发展电子商务等。     

狩猎隐形冠军

中国企业在全球积极收购“RMB”资产：Resource（自然资源），Machinery（机械制造），Brand（品牌资源）。其中，德国是“M”资产最丰富的目的地。     

A case study exploring drivers and implications of collaborative electronic logistics marketplaces

Since the 1990s there has been a rich literature on business-to-business electronic marketplaces. While many aspects of supply chain management have been considered, there are only a few studies which investigate the development and application of these electronic marketplaces in logistics. These can be termed Electronic Logistics Marketplaces (ELM). The paper aims to understand the rationale behind a particular type of ELM, termed ‘collaborative ELM’, and evaluates the impact of introducing such an ELM. To do this, an in depth case study in the UK fast moving consumer goods industry is used. Data has been collected from shippers, transport companies and the technology provider using a range of tools, including interviews, quantitative data analysis and process mapping. The research reveals that the collaborative ELM is still a relatively new business model. It has potential for growth in optimizing supply chain networks and enabling not only vertical collaboration between shippers and carriers but also horizontal collaboration between shippers and/or between carriers. It identifies the motives behind a collaborative ELM, and demonstrates how such a system is implemented through the configurations of information system, process and collaborative arrangements. The impact on the different participating parties is also examined. Finally the necessary conditions for a successful implementation are derived in the light of the research findings.     

Globalisation, strategic alliances, acquisitions and technology transfer. Lessons from ICL/Fujitsu and Rover/Honda and BMW

As globalisation proceeds major national companies may find themselves involved in domestic mergers and acquisitions, only to have turn later to international co-operation. International strategic alliances, though, often eventually move on to international acquisition, either involving the alliance partner (as in the case of ICL/Fujitsu) or some third party (as in the case of Rover/Honda/BMW). This article draws on research in Britain and Japan to investigate the strategic and technological implications of such co-operative trajectories. Two acid tests appear to determine whether such inter-company co-operations (whether mergers, acquisitions or strategic alliances) are likely ultimately to prove transitory, or whether they will progress towards some more stable inter-action: ?Is the arrangement ‘adding value’ technologically? Is it contributing to some process of international integration? ?Technological synergies and learning possibilities are often played down initially in domestic acquisitions, and even in international strategic alliances offering particular scope for technology transfer; but they are important in determining long term outcomes.     

低碳能源专利发展态势及国内石油公司对策建议

低碳技术专利申请量从20世纪90年代后期开始急剧增长.大多数低碳技术专利权归发达国家跨国公司所有,面向发展中国家的专利授权有限.全球主要发达国家不断加强低碳技术开发和保护的力度.国际石油工程技术服务公司在非常规天然气技术领域处于优势地位,国际石油公司近几年开始加强专利布局.国际大石油公司对低碳技术的研发投入相对少,他们以并购作为获取低碳资源和低碳技术的主战略途径,并与技术领先公司合作,抢占发展先机.对于中国的石油公司来说,低碳技术价格高昂,引进成本不断增大.为此,国内石油公司可考虑常规天然气领域寻找机会并购拥有核心专利技术油工程技术服务公司;在具有发展前景的技术领合作研发与自主创新双管齐下;在开展合作时,需确保合作对象拥有关键技术;充分运用低碳能源领域的专利信息资源.     

对提升我国石油石化工业竞争力的几点看法

概述了国外石油石化公司为提高国际竞争力而实施的战略措施，分析了我国石油石化企业与国外大公司的差距，提出我国石油石化企业要参与国际竞争，除了从技术上采取许多措施外，还需转变观念。积极开展国际合作，参与国际油气资源的开发，引进海外有真才实学的专家以及加快管理体制的改革，以此来提升我国石油石化工业的国际竞争力。     

European Integration and Transnational Management-Union Relations in the Enterprise

The Single European Market has generated considerable interest in the prospects for European-level management-union arrangements in transnational companies. European works councils have emerged in a small but growing number of transnationals. The circumstances in which companies might promote such arrangements are analysed. Attention is paid to whether companies are organized along international product or territorial lines and to their product diversification strategies. Transnationals will also be influenced by trade union pressure at European level and by aspects of the industrial relations system in their home country.     

海外项目质量控制方法探索与实践

随着中国石油工程技术服务企业在国际市场业务范围不断扩大,服务质量、产品质量在市场中地位和发挥的重要作用日显突出,同时在国际高端技术服务市场,国外公司在重视技术的同时更关注服务的品质和项目策划运行,重视项目的质量程控管理。本文旨在分析海外项目的管理特点、探索海外项目管理过程中质量控制体系与方法,为同行业提供海外国际项目质量控制管理方面的经验。     

发挥协调作用 推进西二线3A标段施工管理

随着国际通行的EPC管理模式在长输管道施工中的应用,施工单位的管理模式也相应发生了一系列的改变,针对施工方如何充分发挥协调作用,利用自身的优势和特点,达到对施工现场的有效管理和控制,确保西二线3A标段项目目标的实现。     

The effect of strategic alliance resource accumulation and process characteristics on new product success: Exploration of international high-tech strategic alliances in China

This paper examines two research questions: (1) how do strategic alliance resources influence new product outcomes, and (2) how do these effects differ under different NPD process characteristics. By integrating resource-based view and coordination literature, the authors argue that both marketing and technology resources demonstrate independent and interactive effects on new product innovativeness, speed to market, and market performance. Further, the individual effects of marketing and technology resources are moderated by the process characteristics of partner interdependence, while the interactive effect between marketing and technology resources is moderated by the development process characteristic of task interdependence. Using primary dyadic data collected from 142 international high-tech strategic alliances in China, we test and find general support for these arguments. The results provide significant theoretical implications for a variety of research streams, as well as managerial implications for strategic alliances with Chinese firms.     

Construction cost map of European countries

Abstract

In the globalized business world, construction companies start to seek new opportunities to invest on an international basis in order to gain profit. Therefore, construction companies have to conduct not only national projects but also international projects to be competitive. However, although these international projects can be profitable, the construction companies face many challenges in the management of these projects due to the country-specific problems and conditions. This can lead to variation in the management of similar projects conducted in different countries. In particular, cost estimation in different countries is a challenging task for construction companies. Therefore, in order to provide insights about construction cost in different countries, different organizations publish construction cost indices. However, some criticisms related to the reliability and usability of these indices are stated. In this study, a new concept, called a cost map, is proposed by developing a framework based on twelve macro level parameters. The cost map is applied to 37 European countries. The data related to these parameters are collected using different databases. European countries are clustered by using a self-organizing map. As a result of this study, the cost map is determined as a reliable and convenient tool for a cost comparison.     

Supra-national regulation for supra-national telecommunications carriers?

The article reviews the extraordinary number of international ventures by major telecommunications organizations and explores problems for traditional national regulation that these global networks create. A theoretical model is defined that illustrates the adjustment process of different national policies to each other. The choice of various supra-national regulatory arrangements is shown to be affecting substantive policy. The article then discusses options for coordination and concludes that the concrete problems created by supra-national carriers do not justify the hidden cost of elaborate mechanisms of supra-national policy. Since such coordination has traditionally been used to prop up monopoly arrangements, a better approach for the foreseeable future is to encourage more national policy experimentation and focus less on international policy coordination.     

Technology transfer issues in licensing pharmaceutical products

The discovery and development of a new therapeutic agent may take five to ten years, cost in excess of £90m with a significant risk of product failure, due either to lack of safety or efficacy. Pharmaceutical companies require a new product every three to five years in order to sustain growth. This need is often met by licensing a product from a competitor. The evaluation of a potential licensing opportunity is a complex task in technology transfer since firstly, the time frame for decision taking is markedly foreshortened compared with the usual time involved when developing a drug from within the company. In addition the therapeutic field may be unfamiliar to the company personnel. The evaluation process involves a parallel but closely linked activity involving pharmacologists, toxicologists, pharmacy, pharmaceutical physicians, strategic marketing, legal experts as well as representatives from the major territorial international markets. This paper attempts to identify some problems in technology transfer which include organisational, attitudinal and behavioural factors. Possible topics for future research are identified.     

Understanding the rationale of strategic technology partnering: Interorganizational modes of cooperation and sectoral differences

Interfirm strategic alliances appear to have become more important as a part of (international) business. In this contribution an attempt is made to clarify our understanding of the motives that lead firms to cooperate in their innovative efforts. Going beyond general theoretical statements and case studies, attention is paid to both sectoral differences in the motivation for partnerships as well as to contrasts in interorganizational features of technology cooperation. Based on a large sample of alliances the analysis reveals some major differences regarding the research orientation of contractual arrangements and organizationally complex alliances.     

基于B/S结构的销售管理系统

销售是供应链管理的重要环节,也是企业生产、管理、运作的关键。随着Internet的迅猛发展,新经济时代的销售是一个动态、渐进的过程,基于B/S结构的销售管理系统接受并应用流行于国际企业的现代营销管理的新方法,即"客户关系管理(CRM)",使销售从无序的管理走向更科学的管理,使管理者更能把握业务的中心。本文对基于B/S结构的销售管理系统的组成、功能、特点等进行了进一步的探讨。     

Assessing international diversification of West German corporations

While product diversity has primarily attracted strategic management scholars, this paper examines the performance of corporate international diversification from a market point of view. The results indicate that in a highly industrialized, but relatively small, West German market, companies going abroad create shareholder wealth.