Areal differentiation of virtual water for agricultural products and its effect on regional agricultural structure adjustment in China： 1995-2007

With a vast territory, the space-time distribution of water resources is uneven in China. There is a great dif ference in natural conditions and farmland management of agricuttural production in different regions. The areal differentiation of agricultural products virtual water is obvious. Comparison with the agricultural products virtual water from 1995 to 2007 in China shows an increase in the first ten vears and a little decrease in recent years. There has been a tendency of increase all the time in Northeast and Northwest. but a decrease after an increase firstly in other regions. The virtual water offood crops is the maximum which accounts for more than 70% in China. and that of vegetables is in a fast growth. The proportion of agricultural products virtual water to the total water resources in each region has a large difference, showing the imbalance of agricultural water in different regions, which accounts for 50%-90% in Northeast, and 125%-185% in North China. Under the guidance of virtual water strategy, based on the differences of resource endowment, each region should adjust agricultural structure, decide production by water, and select water suitable crops. In water-rich region, agricultural produets of high water consumption should be planted appropriately, which will make full use of the abundant local water resources. In water-shortage region the crop production of high water consumption and low efficiency should be depressed, and that of low water consumption and high efficiency should be supported and increased. It will achieve reasonable disposition of water resources, promote ecological restoration and environmental protection, as welt as ensure food security.     

Changing Demand for Agro-products and Restructuring on Agro-production

Upon the analysis on the commodity natures and consumption features at different economic development periods, it is concluded that the commodity natures and consumption features of agricultural products display their evolvements by three phases. What＇s more, twice critical modification might arise, one is innovational, the other, transitional. In addition, the two key variables are discussed in the article that reflect economic index of agricultural products, the evolution rule of the weighted coefficient, production P and Quality Q. Sequentially, it is pointed out that the restructuring nature of agricultural production is to restructure the agricultural operation capability to adapt to the market, the target is to transform agricultural production to agricultural economy, and the principle abided by is benefit drive and market guide.     

System analysis and path choice for modem agricultural development： a case study of Suzhou

From the view of system theory, modern agriculture in a region embodies elements conformity, structure optimization, multi-functionality and sustainable development. This paper first expounds on the relationship among agricultural elements, structure, function and development theoretically, compartmentalizes agriculture types based on human-land elements matching, and depicts the development path of agricultural multi-functionality. it shows that the matching of human-land elements is a key to agricultural types, and the multi-functionality is an indication of agricultural development stages. At last, as a case study of Suzhou in eastern coastal area, the paper analyzes the evolvement situation and developing mechanism and some typical models of modern agriculture which suit to agriculture system evolvement. The results .show that in Suzhou the agriculture productivity, has improved greatly; And along with the agriculture structure optimizing, agriculture function has translated from ＂production ＂ to ＂non- production and production ＂. With simulation of agricultural trend in Suzhou, it is .found that Suzhou has a LP- dependence （labor productivity） on agricultural element, so Suzhou will has much more potential in land productivity. Based on the above analysis on agricultural system, some typical patterns on modern agriculture in Suzhou are brought up, such as export-oriented agriculture, enterprises-leading agriculture, science and technology, parks agriculture, stereoseopic agriculture, and tourism and sightseeing agriculture.     

Economic principles and fundamental model of the sustainable utilization of ecological resources

1. Introduction The mainstream of present economy is the green eco-economy, including green products, green production, green consumption, green market, green industry, and so on. These are the concrete demands of sustainable development for economic life. With the development of economy, society and science and technology and the increase of the population, the abundant ecological resources become more and more scarce [1]. So the quantity and quality of eco- logical resources can’t increasin…     

The difficulties of ＂polluter pays＂ policy in agricultural pollution in UK and methods to improve it

Agricultural wastes poll,tion became serious after great improvement in technology and the encouragement of production for the government since the end of the World Wai Ⅱ. Economists and environmental scholars suggested that ＂polluter pays＂ policy be employed in agricultural pollution control. However, it was hard to implement ＂polluter pays ＂ policy alone in agricultural wastes pollution.In practice, there were two social faCtors which contrih,ted to the improvement of water quality in the southwest of United Kingdom. One method is to communicate with farmers and then give farmers some advice or exhortation on facilities and management. The other method is to set up a telephone hotline for public to report water quality and probable pollution. Therefore, the consideration and combination of social factors in the control of agricultural wastes pollution are necessary, and important. Edueation of basic natural sciences relevant to agricultural pollution, system management of agricultural pollutants and laws relevant to agricultural pollution is suggested to be the third .social factor that British government can consider.     

Research on industrialization of eco-agriculture：theoretical framework and the case of Yunnan,Chinav

The industrialization of eco-agriculture has applied modern science technology in accordance with ecological principles and has promoted agricultural production.As a subsystem of agricultural industrial clusters,the industrialization of eco-agriculture is the specific applications of cluster concept in the industrialization of eco-agriculture development.Industrialization of eco-agriculture cluster will achieve eco-agriculture and interact with industrial cluster which forms eco-agriculture integration and composite industry and ultimately realize the new benign circulation eco-agriculture model.According to the ecological engineering basic principles of recycling of the overall coordination,industrialization of eco-agriculture is focusing on the main systems operating coordination between the various subsystems and its various factors,and will maintain a reasonable ecological and economic structure to ensure the recycling of natural resources.Industrialization of eco-agriculture in Yunnan has adjusted the agricultural production structure to keep the stability of the gross grain production and economic development and has taken effective measures to vigorously improve land use and land productivity.Various ways of improving soil fertility has vigorously promoted other water-saving agricultural technologies.Ecological protection of rice no-tillage,cultivation of crop cultivation of the integrated control crop disease pests grass and agricultural production have taken the sustainable development.     

The Evolutionary Rules of Production System

The competition among modem enterprises has been converted from products to capability. As the basis of competition, production system can＇t win the market unless it takes advantage of its capability in competition. Here in this article, the evolutionary rules of production system contributing to the establishment, renovation, reform, invention and promotion of the production of modem enterprises are observed.     

DON＇T DOWNGRADE THE HONG KONG MINISTERIAL

The goal of this month＇s Hong Kong meeting of the ministers from the 148 WTO member nations was an agreement on a detailed outline of a global trade deal dramatically cutting trade barriers on agricultural products, industrial goods and serviees. This was to he a major step toward the conclusion of the Doha Round negotiations with signed agreement at the end of 2006.     

A Cost-benefit Measuring Model of Green Products in Manufacturing Industry

The paper builds up a cost-benefit measuring model of green products in manufacturing industry throughout its full life cycle, which can quantify green products＇ cost and benefit completely and correctly under the circumstance of satisfying enterprise, customer, environment and society. It also puts forth an operable method to estimate social benefit by opportunity cost and establishes a profit maximization-programming model. The model can be applied to justify whether some kinds of green products should be developed and produced.     

Study on the evaluation system for the cleaner production of the mine

It is important to establish the evaluation system of the cleaner production of the mining enterprise, which canprovide the technical support and guidance for the cleaner production evaluation and facilitating the promotion ofcleaner productive techniques so as to realize the integration of economic development and environmental protection.This paper, according to the characteristic of mining and Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP）, establishes the evaluationindex system, puts forward the overall quantitative evaluation method based on Fuzzy Mathematics and the experts’experience, and establishes the evaluation system of cleaner production. The main problems in cleaner production of themine are analyzed by calculation, and some countermeasures and suggestions are proposed.     

Establishment of value-realization mechanism for ecological products in provincial management level: A case study in Yunnan

Ecological products value-realization is regarded as one of the keys of transferring clear waters and green mountains to mountains of gold and silver. In 2021, the central government has issued a guideline on setting up and improving the mechanism to realize the value of ecological products, which has encouraged the local governments to explore the path of ecological products value-realization. At provincial management level, four national ecological civilization pilot zones systematically imple...     

Measuring potential food productivity for different areas in Songnen Plain based on analytic hierarchy process

The improved analytic hierachy process method was utilized in this paper,and a variety of factors influencing the food production were classified into several interrelated orderly objectives layers;based on the works above,this paper made an scientific assessment on the influencing factors of food production and production potential of the various regions in the Songnen Plain.The weights and composite indices were calculated with the method of solving weight by AHP＇s accumulation factor sequence evaluating data,and were processed by single-level sorting and general sorting.The result showed that,the region of Changchun had the biggest potential for improving food production,but smallest for Heihe region.The key reason for the food production discrepancy of a variety of regions in Songnen Plain is the differences in scale of production and climatic conditions,the weight coefficients of which are 0.3654 and 0.2742;however,the weight coefficients of agricultural science and technology investment is very low just 0.1703,which should be increasted in the future.     

Research on the exports trade of Shandong agricultural products

This paper analyses the internal problems and external constraints against the further development of exports trade of Shandong agricultural products. The countermeasures in solving those problems and constraints are recommended to ensure a sustainable development of Shandong regional agricultural products exports.     

Ecological footprint analysis on the traditional rice-fish agricultural area： a case study of Qingtian County, Zhejiang Province, China

Qingtian County of Zhejiang Province, China has maintained the traditional rice-fish agriculture for about 2,000 years and formed exceptional cultural heritage based on this kind of production mode, so it was ed by FAO as a pilot site for the rice-fish agricultural heritage systems in 2005. This research has applied the indicators of ecological footprint and biocapacity to monitor the environmental conditions of Qingtian County, aiming to find the impact that the traditional agricultural production mode and the local inhabitants lifestyle have placed on the local environmental conditions as well as the role they have played in maintaining ecological balance, cultural inheritance and regional sustainable development. Results show that Qingtian County is characterized by a nearly breakeven total ecological balance, as opposed to Zhejiang Province, the world and other agricultural regions. However, compared with another rice-fish agricultural region, Congjiang County which enjoys a considerable ecological reserve, Qingtian County has consumed a greater amount of environmental resources. Specifically, about half of the ecological footprint of Qingtian County can be attributed to the cropland （50.8%） while the CO2 area only accounts for 11.2%, which is dramatically different from that of the modern industrialized regions. And a vast of percentage of energy is caused by the combustion of fuelwood which not only requires the land to absorb the CO2 emission it has generated but also occupies the forest where it has been chopped.     

Analyzing the Influence of TBT on Chinese Agricultural and Food Exports

Technical Barriers to Trade （TBT） have become an important obstacle to the export of Chinese agricultural products. This paper illustrates the characteristics of TBT and measures their influence on the export of Chinese agricultural products and food. In conclusion, some countermeasures are discussed for China responding to TBT.     

英文摘要

Land Issues in Industrialization and Urbanization --Taking Brazil as an Example
After reviewing historical evolution of land system and urbanization in Brazil, the paper focuses on the relation between land system and industrialization and urbanization and its result. The study shows that Brazil adopted policies of promoting industry and restraining agricultural development in its process of industrialization and urbanization, which led to a series of problems. China should balance the relation between land system and industrialization and urbanization in its process of accelerating its economic development.     

以循环农业模式破解"绿色贸易壁垒"的思考

With their advantages in the field of environmental protection, by means of combining trade in the WTO and environmental protection, many countries and territories have laid down the principle of “the green trade barrier ”, which constitutes a serious challenge against our produce export. It is hypothesized that the basic solution to the barrier is the replacement of the conventional agricultural mode with the recycling agriculture mode. whereby implementations and measures of the new mode are put forward.     

Nonfarm employment,agricultural machinery service purchase and agricultural production efficiency:An empirical study based on China's major wheat-producing areas

Based on the cross-sectional data of the survey conducted in China’s main wheat producing areas at the end of 2019,this paper uses the translog production function model to estimate agricultural technical efficiency,and studies the relationship between nonfarm employment,agricultural machinery service purchase and agricultural production efficiency.The results show that the household non-agricultural employment ratio and non-agricultural income have a significant positive impact on the purchase ...     

Index system for assessing ecological stability of circular economy industrial chain of electronic industry and its empirical study

With the development of science and technology and the rapid growth of productive forees new and high technology industries have. For example, computer, mobile phone, etc. are increasingly popular, especially hi-tech products updating more and more quickly, which has initiated some problems： resources depletion, environmental pollution, ecosystems damage, etc. While people are enjoying convenient and comfortable life from hi-tech, they are worrying about quantities of e-wastes discharged.In order to reduce the amount and harm of e-wastes, this paper starts from the connotation of the ecological stability of circular economy electronics industry chain （CEEIC, for shorO, uses the food chain principle for reference to describe the links and connection of the electronics industry chain, and selects factors from the three link： production, consumption and recycle to construct indexes system based on their characteristics, with which a scientific evaluation is carried on for CEEIC by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.     

Green Marketing and Sustainable Development of Garment Industry —— A Game between Cost and Profit

This paper introduces how green marketing influences the sustainable development of garment industry. It analyzes the cost and profit to implement green marketing, both in a short term and in the long run. In a short term, the cost may increase. However, in the long run, the income will be higher than the cost. There＇re five reasons： reduced cost, expanding export by breaking down green barriers, establishing the enterprise＇s green image, being more competitive and avoiding green tax. Therefore, implementing green marketing is pivotal to the sustainable development of garment industry.