Parametric Decomposition of Output Growth Using A Stochastic Input Distance Function

This article proposes a tractable approach for analyzing the sources of TFP changes (i.e., technical change, changes in technical and allocative inefficiency, and the scale effect) in a multi-output setting, while retaining the single-equation nature of the econometric procedure used to estimate the parameters of the underlying technology. The proposed approach relies on Bauer's cost function-based decomposition of TFP changes and the duality between input distance and cost functions. The empirical results are based on a sample of 121 UK livestock farms observed over the period 1983–92 and a translog input distance function.     

Land Tenure,Tenure Security and Farm Efficiency: Panel Evidence from the Philippines

This article tests the relationships among formalised property rights, land tenure contracts and productive efficiency in farming. Using four rounds of panel data from 230 rice farms in the Philippines, we measure the effects of land tenure arrangements on farm efficiency using a stochastic production frontier model. We test for the allocative efficiency of observed land rental markets. We also test how land tenure security affects farmers' investment decisions. Results suggest that, despite the presence of formalised titles, the rental market remains inefficient at allocating land. In contrast, the unformalised tenure contracts used by farmers appear to provide tenure security.     

Decomposition of Productivity Growth Using Distance Functions: The Case of Dairy Farms in Three European Countries

Within an output distance function framework, the Total Factor Productivity growth index is decomposed into four components (technical change, technical and allocative efficiency, and scale component). We estimate stochastic translog output distance functions using panel data from dairy farms over the period 1991–94 for three European countries (Germany, the Netherlands, and Poland). Results indicate that the change in the productivity growth index in Germany (+6%) and Poland (−5%) are mainly dictated by the technical change component. In contrast, the productivity growth index in the Netherlands (+3%) is influenced by allocative efficiency components.     

Consistent Estimation of Censored Demand Systems Using Panel Data

We derive a joint continuous/censored commodity demand system for panel data applications. Unobserved heterogeneity is controlled for using a correlated random effects specification and a generalized method of moments framework used to estimate the model. While relatively small differences in elasticity estimates are found between a flexible random effects specification and one that restricts the random effect coefficient to be time invariant, larger differences are observed when comparing the flexible model to a pooled cross-sectional estimator. The results suggest the limited ability of such estimators to control for preference heterogeneity and unit-value endogeneity leads to parameter bias.     

中国农村收入不平等：运用农户数据的回归分解

关于中国收入不平等及其增长趋势，已有大量研究报道，但对促使这一趋势产生的原因的定量分析却很少。传统分析是通过对组成因素或小部分居民的研究来提供很有限的关于收入不平等的决定因素。本文构建了运用农户数据的回归分解框架来研究中国农村收入不平等。研究发现：地理位置是影响收入不平等的突出因素，但对于解释收入不平等总量并不是很重要；资本在收入不平等中显出很重要的作用。农业结构比劳动力和其他投入更能解释导致整个农村出现收入不平等这一现象。     

The Contribution of Unmeasurable Inputs to Fisheries Production: An Analysis of Technical Efficiency of Fishing Vessels in the English Channel

Variations in the efficiency of demersal trawlers operating in the English Channel were examined through the estimation of a stochastic frontier production function. The most important measurable factor affecting efficiency was the age of the vessel. However, unmeasurable factors accounted for about 65% of the variation in efficiency, and as much as 9% of the total variation in catches between boats. It is postulated that most of this variation was due to differences in skipper and crew skill. In contrast, "luck" accounted for around 11% of the variation in catches between boats.     

兽疫防治与畜种改良:南京国民政府时期甘南藏区牧业建设研究

位处汉藏边界地带的甘南藏区拥有的丰富畜牧资源,是南京国民政府加强边疆牧业建设的重要着眼点之一。在西北开发浪潮中,不少官员和专家先后前往甘南藏区考察牧业状况,发现此处牲畜疫病多、受灾重。对此,南京国民政府从兽疫防治和畜种改良两方面入手,设立防疫机构、组织兽疫防治队伍和开展巡回医疗,设立种畜场、培育良种、研究先进的饲养和管理方法等。南京国民政府在甘南藏区推进牧业建设取得了一些成绩,在一定程度上遏制了兽疫的加剧,培育了一些良种,但面临着经费、人事及其与地方社会关系之种种困境。甘南藏区的牧业建设,在很大程度上成为当时南京国民政府在边疆地区施行边政所遇困境的一个缩影。     

中国生态环境治理绩效动态评价研究——基于DEA-BCC模型和全要素生产率指数

为研究中国生态环境治理情况,分别运用DEA-BCC模型和全要素生产率(TFP)指数对中国内地30个省份(除西藏)的生态环境治理绩效进行分析和评价。实证结果表明:(1)从静态分析结果来看,全国生态环境治理绩效提高且在0.85以上,大部分省市的生态环境治理绩效在0.8以上,全国生态环境治理情况整体良好;(2)从动态分析结果来看,2007-2016年中国生态环境治理绩效呈现波动上升趋势,平均TFP指数为1.018,技术进步是生态环境治理绩效提高的关键。最后,就分析结果提出对策建议。     

Spanish Demand for Food Away from Home: Analysis of Panel Data

We analyse the Spanish demand for food away from home (FAFH). A panel dataset is built and appropriate techniques for estimating limited dependent variable models are applied. Results indicate that where there are zero expenditures, these are largely due to infrequency of purchase rather than to abstention, or for economic reasons. Furthermore, important differences appear among households. Households whose head is a highly educated person, male, young and living on a salary in a large town is more likely to purchase FAFH. FAFH expenditure responses to an increase in total per capita expenditure are markedly different depending on the age of the household's head, their employment status and also the size of the resident's town. The lowest elasticity is shown by single‐person households, between 36 and 55 years old, employed and living in large towns, for whom FAFH has become a necessity. On the other hand, FAFH remains a luxury for unemployed couples with one or two children.     

Big Data and Dietary Trend: The Case of Avocado Imports in China

ABSTRACT

The advancement of data science and technology presents a unique opportunity to understand rapidly evolving dietary trend around the world. In this case study, we show that the Baidu index, a measurement of the intensity of user searches for specific words, helps explain and forecast the growth of avocado imports in China. Specifically, we find that China’s avocado imports rise by 8% in response to a 10% increase in the Baidu index. Furthermore, the inclusion of the Baidu index in a standard demand model reduces the prediction error by 2.7%.     

Efficiency and Technical Change in the Philippine Rice Sector: A Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Analysis

Regional differences in total factor productivity, efficiency, and technological change in the Philippine rice sector are examined for the post-Green Revolution era. Malmquist productivity indices were constructed for 1971–90 and were decomposed into efficiency and technological change. The average annual Malmquist productivity growth was only slightly positive. Productivity growth was negative during the early 1970s, and was followed by a period of positive growth. Growth was negative again in the late 1980s. The period of positive growth coincided with the introduction of new rice varieties while the declines are likely to have been caused by intensification of rice production in lowland farming systems. Certain regions such as Central Luzon, Western Visayas, and Southern and Northern Mindanao had higher rates of technological change than others. This may be due to higher investments in infrastructure and education, increased adoption of tractors, and a better agroclimatic environment.     

国内外实物地质资料管理现状对比研究

实物地质资料是一种宝贵的社会资源,具有重要的经济价值和科学研究价值。本文从管理体制、管理政策及实物地质资料馆藏机构等几个方面对国外实物地质资料管理现状作了全面介绍,并针对造成我国实物地质资料管理较差的根本原因提出了七点建议。     

土地市场发育、城市土地集约利用与碳排放的关系--基于中国省际面板数据的实证分析

研究目的：分析土地市场发育、城市土地集约利用对碳排放的影响。研究方法：面板数据计量模型。研究结果：（1）总体上全国土地市场化发展、城市土地集约利用水平提高都对碳排放效应有着显著的反向减缓作用;（2）1998-2011年期间,中国城市土地集约利用水平提高1个百分点,碳排放量就会减少1.906个单位;土地市场化程度每提高1个百分点,碳排放量就会减少1.528个单位。研究结论：可以通过提高土地市场化程度和城市土地集约利用水平来减缓碳排放。     

Urban land administration and planning in China: Opportunities and constraints of spatial data models

China's economic reforms over the past decades have given rise to the development of a rudimentary urban land market. Although one cannot speak of a land “market” in the strict sense of the word, there is an urban land allocation system in which land lease rights can be acquired through the payment of a land-use fee. If the urban land market is to develop in a sustainable manner, new credible institutions need to be established that can safeguard greater legal security and transparency. For these purposes, it is necessary to establish a management system that can support the legal (tenure security), economic (leases, taxes) and broader aspects (spatial and environmental land use policies) of land administration. To make an urban land administration system socially credible and functional, land-related information should be registered and structured at a detailed spatial level, such as parcels. There is no parcel-based information system in China, but the country has developed a population registration system at a detailed spatial level that could be a starting point to develop integrated information systems, or a so-called “local spatial data infrastructure”. This paper reviews China's population registration system and their spatial units and presents a proposal for an information system that can be expanded or adapted to meet the requirements of an effective land administration system.     

东部7省水产品出口对渔业经济发展的影响研究

本文选取了我国东部地区的辽宁、江苏、浙江、福建、山东、广东和海南这7个渔业大省作为研究对象,以2002—2007年的水产品出口额、固定资产投资额、渔业劳动力和渔业经济产值数据为样本,采用出口扩展型生产函数模型,运用面板数据进行实证分析并测算各省水产品出口的贡献率。结果得出这7个省水产品出口都对渔业经济增长有正向的拉动作用,且各省拉动作用的趋势。最后,根据结论提出相关的政策建议。     

西部大开发水为先

我国自然地理上的西部与西部大开发的西部区域并不完全一致,从水资源言,虽然两者界定的区域有异,但水的开发却是共同存在的问题。在阐明水资源的价值观,即水量、水质、水能和水环境的基础上,针对西部不同区域自然条件的差异,因地制宜开发西部地区的水资源,最后提出七点建议,供有关部门和领导参考。     

民国时期商检新政的推行与贸易危机应对--以出口蛋品为考察中心

商品检验是国际贸易中不可或缺的重要环节。20世纪初,我国蛋品出口数量迅速增长,由此引发的商品纠纷也愈加频繁,而检验环节几乎缺失。1928年南京国民政府颁布《商品出口检验暂行规则》,次年成立官方机构,开始实施自主检验。其中包括对蛋品建立出口标准,科学严格地执行检验;深入蛋品生产加工环节进行改良指导;主导实施蛋业救济等。这一过程不仅有效地提高了蛋品质量,减少贸易失利因素,而且对新旧变革期的蛋业及相关行业发展,增加我国对外贸易中的话语权都有重要作用。但由于战争和检验本身的不足,南京国民政府的检政实践最终未能完全化解蛋业危机。