发达国家和地区政府投资项目治理的经验及其启示

发达国家和地区在政府投资项目的治理模式上有着一定的共同点,即宏观模式上采取集中管理的模式,微观模式上采取委托管理模式,我国现有政府投资项目的治理模式受传统行政代理模式的影响很深。综合了发达国家和地区政府投资项目治理的经验,提出了对我国政府投资项目治理模式选择的启示。     

浅谈代建制工程项目管理模式应用及延伸

代建制,是指业主选择社会化专业化的工程项目管理单位,并授权其对业主投资的项目实施管理的一种模式.由于开始是针对政府投资的项目,带有强制推行,因此称为"制",即制度.至于非政府投资项目,业主可视自身工程管理的能力,可以授权实施项目管理,也可以自行管理.本文在分析了代建制的相关机理之后提出了在企业应用若干策略.     

政府投资项目管理模式研究

文章分析了目前我国政府投资项目模式的现状,阐述了可借鉴的改革模式,并对实施政府投资项目模式的改革提出了几点建议。     

我国政府投资项目管理存在的问题和措施

随着改革开放的深入,我国经济实力不断增强,各级地方政府投资项目空前发展,政府投资项目管理正由"投资、建设、监管、使用"多位一体的模式向"投建管用"职能分离的模式转化,难免出现一些新问题。本文重点分析了政府投资项目管理中存在的主要问题和加强政府投资管理的措施,以求政府投资项目从管理中实现更大的经济效益。     

城市轨道交通票价管制政策研究--地铁PPP运作中的票价方案分析

为拓展地铁项目融资渠道,提高建设和运营效率,减轻政府财政负担,按照北京市政府关于在市政公用行业引入多元化投资、推进市场化运作的政策精神,北京地铁参照国际惯例,率先研究了采用公私合作模式(“PPP”模式,Public&PrivatePartner鄄ship)投资建设和运营北京地铁新线的方案。PPP模式在我国地铁等基础设施领域尚属新生事物,地铁项目市场化过程中的政府管制模式的优化与选择,成为地铁项目实现PPP模式运作的前提条件。由于地铁定价问题直接决定投资项目的价值评估,因而成为投资者对政府管制最关心的问题。本文分析票价问题在PPP运作中的…     

浅议政府投资公司在BT项目中的项目目标管理

本文分析了政府投资公司在BT项目模式中的目标管理特点，并从质量、投资、进度、安全四个方面详细论述了政府投资公司针对BT项目模式特有项目目标管理方法。     

努力构建富有特色的政府投资审计信息化监控体系

对当前政府投资项目审计监督面临的难题,盐都区创新投资审计信息化监督的做法等方面进行了表述,重点谈了构建富有特色的政府投资审计信息化监控体系的设想和建议。     

PPP模式投资项目财务风险分析及应对策略研究

PPP模式投资项目在我国最近几年得到了迅速的发展,目前我国在特许权经营方面的法律体系也在不断完善中,对渴望加入投资项目的社会资本来说是一次长期获利的机会,但收益和风险总是在矛盾中存在的,如何有效降低财务风险是选择投资项目的核心.分析PPP投资项目所涉及的风险,研究投资项目财务风险,并提出财务风险控制的应对策略.     

政府投资项目中合作管理模式应用研究

政府投资项目是当今城市经济发展和城市化进程加快的重要内容.随着政府投资项目的规模扩大和数量增多,传统意义上的建设管理模式已经不能满足当前发展的需要,而新兴的代建制模式在实际应用过程中也逐渐暴露出很多问题.因此.完善政府投资项目建设管理模式成为我们的当务之急.论文在上述背景下研究了政府投资项目中合作管理模式的基本结构和各方关系,并分析了这一模式下项目主要参与方面临的主要风险,提出了相应的风险规避措施.     

非经营性政府投资项目代建制实施及监督体系的建立

长期以来,我国政府投资项目建设单位分散,采取由使用单位自建、自管、自用的建设模式,导致的最大问题是建设规模、建设标准、投资、工期和质量等难以有效控制。针对这一状况,近几年来,一些省、市依据国家有关法律、法规,积极推进政府投资项目管理体制改革,对非经营性政府投资项目实行代建制。本文在界定非经营性政府投资项目概念的基础上,分析了代建制下非经营性项目的实施程序,并对代建项目的实施和政府投资监管进行了初步的研究。     

德国电子政府发展现状和展望

本文介绍了德国电子政府的发展现状和展望,以及德国联邦政府电子政府2．0计划的实施、项目和措施。联邦政府在线2005的成功部署有助于提供行政服务的新渠道,加快事务处理速度,增加透明度,使国家能够为个人和企业提供更加高效贴心的公共服务。未来德国电子政府战略将侧重提升服务水平和协作水平、使用统一标准、充分发挥创新潜力、优化信息管理等方面。     

Examining the link between plan evaluation and implementation

The study investigates evaluation and implementation during planning — determining how evaluation and implementation tactics join to produce successful and less successful outcomes. The tactics managers, acting as plan sponsors, used to evaluate and implement were uncovered from an appraisal of planning practices found in nearly 400 projects. The findings indicate that implementation has more influence on success than evaluation. Considering social and political issues early in the planning process frames the process with implementation concerns and allows foresight, visualizing innovative ideas. When implementation tactics lead planning in this way either intervention or participation tactics are employed. Both tactics improve success dramatically. However, in three of four projects studied implementation was positioned at the end of a planning process. This concentrates on installation behaviors and employs evaluation to find arguments that support a preferred plan. The choice of implementation tactics was limited to persuasion or edict. Both are failure prone. The best evaluation tactics (analysis and participation) improve success somewhat for the best implementation tactics (intervention and participation), but do not overcome the difficulties created by implementing with persuasion or edict.     

产品平台开发项目的选择和规划方法

企业的竞争优势是产品快速响应市场,可以采用产品平台策略来快速满足顾客的差异化需求。产品平台的开发方式包括变型指标设计、关联指标设计、标准化设计、模块化设计和配置设计,因此会产生大量的针对产品平台开发的项目。有的项目涉及到开发方式的一种,而有的项目涉及到开发方式的几种。传统的基于企业能力平衡以及收益分析的项目选择、排序、资源分配模式,已经无法适应快速变化的企业内外部环境。在产品平台开发项目中,企业需要一种新的项目选择和规划方法：既能满足各个项目的资源需求,又能体现公司的战略目标,并且在5年规划期内围绕每年平均预算费用上下波动。     

The Tacit Nature of Design Knowledge

Valuable knowledge acquired by small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) over time can be lost through the exit of staff. The difficulty of retaining knowledge lies in the fact that part of the knowledge involved is tacit in nature and is highly, if not totally, inarticulable. This paper analyzes the explicit/tacit nature of the design knowledge involved in projects undertaken by an SME. It is analyzed to provide a model of knowledge application and a schema for eliciting the mental process during knowledge application and the types of knowledge used respectively. The tacit characteristics associated with the application of design knowledge are explored. The paper also discusses the tactics that can be employed to tackle the knowledge retention problem as experienced by the SME.     

White elephants

Underdevelopment is thought to be about lack of investment, and many political economy theories can account for this. Yet, there has been much investment in developing countries. The problem has been that investment growth has not led to output growth. We therefore need to explain not simply underinvestment, but also the missallocation of investment. The canonical example of this is the construction of white elephants—investment projects with negative social surplus. In this paper we propose a theory of white elephants. We argue that they are a particular type of inefficient redistribution, which are politically attractive when politicians find it difficult to make credible promises to supporters. We show that it is the very inefficiency of such projects that makes them politically appealing. This is so because it allows only some politicians to credibly promise to build them and thus enter into credible redistribution. The fact that not all politicians can credibly undertake such projects gives those who can a strategic advantage. Socially efficient projects do not have this feature since all politicians can commit to build them and they thus have a symmetric effect on political outcomes. We show that white elephants may be preferred to socially efficient projects if the political benefits are large compared to the surplus generated by efficient projects.     

Nonlinear influence on R&D project performance

This study applies artificial neural network (ANN) to explore the relationships between the performance of R&D projects and its determinants. The results indicate that the quality of project environment has an inverse U-shaped effect on the performance of R&D projects, and both project managers' skills and the effectiveness of teamwork have monotonic positive influences on it. Besides, this study utilizes self-organizing map (SOM) to classify the Taiwanese information and electronics companies into three groups and further provides some suggestions. In addition, this paper uses an in-depth interview of qualitative research to explore why the quality of project environment has an inverse U-shaped effect on the R&D project performance, and finds out the main reason. There are two managerial implications in this study. First, the relationships between the performance of R&D projects and its determinants are not always linear in the complex and uncertain environment nowadays. Second, companies must care about the inverse U-shaped effect of the quality of project environment on the performance of R&D projects, although they can enhance the extent of project managers' skills and the effectiveness of their teamwork as much as possible.     

价格歧视战略与福利效应分析

在完全竞争市场条件下 ,竞争均衡可实现帕累托最优效率。垄断市场一般很难提供价格等于边际成本的产量水平 ,其产量与价格选择对社会来说不是最优的。垄断厂商以内生范畴和外生范畴为基础对消费者进行分类 ,使得价格歧视成为一种可行战略。由于定价策略存在差异 ,不同类型的价格歧视便具有不同的福利效应。     

组织间关系的进化过程及其策略研究

从资源依赖性和潜在冲突性角度入手,将组织间的关系分类,在此基础上把组织间关系的进化过程划分成4个阶段,建立了组织间关系进化模型,并且针对组织间关系的不同进化阶段提出企业的应对策略,为组织间关系管理提供理论指导。     

基于数据包络分析和模糊理论的投资项目评价方法研究

目前主要采用AHP或模糊综合评判法对投资项目进行评价,但这些方法仅能体现各投资项目的优劣程度,不能体现各投资项目的弱点以及无效的原因,并且指标权重的确定带有较强的主观性,很难排除人为因素带来的偏差。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种将数据包络分析和模糊理论相结合的投资项目评价方法。最后,通过实例分析证明,该方法简单实用,能够为企业进行项目投资决策提供有效的参考。     

跨国经营:民营企业实现腾飞的新战略选择

本文首先对近年来我国民营企业跨国经营的形势进行了简要分析 ,然后阐述了民营企业实现跨国经营必须具备的几个基本条件 ,最后概括指出了民营企业走出去、实现跨国经营的基本策略和新战略选择