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1.
This paper analyses the claim of constitutional economics that liberal economic policy requires far-reaching constitutional reform. The paper starts with a restatement of this claim and reinforces the rationale of the currently most influential variants of constitutional economics as represented by contractarian constitutional economics (Brennan, Buchanan), on the one hand, and Hayek s evolutionary theory, on the other. However, these constitutional proposals have shortcomings because the institutional preconditions of constitutional reform are not sufficiently reflected. Instead, I argue that, in face of economic crisis, a revision of in-period politics requires no more collective rationality than constitutional reform does. As a consequence, the introduction of new constitutional rules depends on political learning. The article concludes that constitutional rules in the sense of CPE can stabilise political learning but they cannot replace it. 相似文献
2.
William A. Niskanen 《Constitutional Political Economy》1990,1(2):53-62
Massive changes in the effective constitution—primarily bearing on the economic powers of the federal government, primarily
in the past 60 years—have revived interest in the problem of constitutional maintenance. This paper finds the conventional
American theory of constitutional maintenance to have at least three major problems. The paper then suggests three propositions
about constitutional maintenance, building on the developing theory ofproprietary government. The most important conclusion is how little we know about this subject.
Paper presented at Panel on Constitutional Political Economy: Annual Meeting of the Southern Economic Association; Orlando,
Florida; 19–21 Nov. 1989 相似文献
3.
Evolutionary macroeconomics: a research agenda 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
John Foster 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2011,21(1):5-28
In this article, the goal is to offer a new research agenda for evolutionary macroeconomics. The article commences with a
broad review of the main ideas in the history of thought concerning the determinants of economic growth and an introduction
to the evolutionary perspective. This is followed by a selective review of recent evolutionary approaches to macroeconomics.
These approaches are found to be somewhat disconnected. It is argued that the ‘micro-meso-macro’ approach to economic evolution
is capable of resolving this problem by offering an analytical framework in which macroeconomics can be built upon ‘meso-foundations’,
not micro-foundations, as asserted in the mainstream. It is also stressed that the economic system and its components are
complex adaptive systems and that this complexity must not be assumed away through the imposition of simplistic assumptions
made for analytical convenience. It is explained that complex economic systems are, at base, energetic in character but differ
from biological complex systems in the way that they collect, store and apply knowledge. It is argued that a focus upon stocks
and flows of energy and knowledge in complex economic systems can yield an appropriate analytical framework for macroeconomics.
It is explained how such a framework can be connected with key insights of both Schumpeter and Keynes that have been eliminated
in modern macroeconomics. A macroeconomic framework that cannot be operationalized empirically is of limited usefulness so,
in the last part of the article, an appropriate methodology for evolutionary macroeconomics is discussed. 相似文献
4.
On the difficulty of evolutionary analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
5.
Jason Potts 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2007,20(2-3):123-135
This paper offers an extension of the distinction of [Kohn, Cato Journal, 24:303–339 (2004)] between the two paradigms of modern economic theory—value and exchange—as derived from the generic–operant framework
of [Dopfer and Potts, The general theory of economic evolution, Routledge, London, (2007)]. I argue that Austrian and evolutionary economics can be analytically unified about a general framework of rule coordination
and change that I shall call the generic value paradigm. This is an analytic generalization of Kohn’s “exchange paradigm” that will allow us to redefine his conception of the “value
paradigm” as the operational value paradigm in terms of the economics of known and fully exploited opportunities. The generic value paradigm, in turn, underpins the
economics of the growth of knowledge and the evolution of the economic order as an open-system process due to the origination,
adoption, and retention of novel generic rules. Austrian economics is then circumscribed as a special case of the more general
“generic” analysis of the coordination and evolution of economic rules.
相似文献
6.
Larry L. Kiser 《Constitutional Political Economy》1994,5(3):287-306
This article rationalizes public enterprise by analyzing the constitutional choice between private and public ownership of
production arrangements. Arguing that results depend on who does the choosing, the article compares choices by self-governing
citizens with choices by self-directed governmental officials. The resulting institutional theory identifies four conditions
that cause citizens to favor public over private ownership. None of the conditions refers to the standard concept of economic
efficiency, which guides most economic comparisons of public and private enterprise. 相似文献
7.
In this paper we present an adaptation of Buchanan and Tullock’s model in order to apply it to the constitutional choices
regarding the assigning of powers to a supranational authority. The outcome of the economic-political model developed in this
paper demonstrates that there are constraints in the supply of integration, suggesting that the enlargement and deepening
of the European Union will have to be based on federalist conceptions.
The authors should like to thanks seminar participants at European Public Choice conference (Belgirate 2002) and ECSA-C conference
(Toronto 2002) where earlier versions of the paper have benefited from constructive suggestions. The authors assume the sole
responsibility for any errors remaining in this version. 相似文献
8.
Using time-series cross-section analysis, we provide additional empirical validation for the principal-agent model developed
by Adserà et al. (2003). In our innovation, efficient economic policy is proxied by “economic freedom” from the Fraser Institute
database and constitutional “political institutions” are proxied by variables from the Database of Political Institutions.
Our results suggest that the more credible the threat of removal from office, the more government officials will pursue efficient
economic policies.
The authors are grateful to Alan Hamlin and an anonymous referee for their highly valuable input to the development of this
paper.
Tel.: +1-604-291-4167 相似文献
9.
The political economy of constitutional choice: a study of the 2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum
Recent studies of the linkages between the wealth of nations and the institutions of governance suggest that concentrating
political power in a monarchy or a ruling coalition impedes economic growth and, moreover, that while power-diffusing reforms
can enhance the wellbeing of society in general, opposition by groups benefiting from the status quo is predictable. In November
2005, Kenyans rejected a proposed constitution that, despite promises made by their new chief executive, would not have lessened
the powers of the presidency. Using a unique, constituency-level dataset on the referendum vote, we estimate a model of the
demand for power diffusion and find that ethnic groups’ voting decisions are influenced by their expected gains and losses
from constitutional change. The results also highlight the importance of ethnic divisions in hindering the power-diffusion
process, and thus establish a channel through which ethnic fragmentation adversely impacts economic development. 相似文献
10.
Ugo Fratesi 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2010,20(4):515-552
This paper combines the various strands of literature on knowledge and innovation as drivers of regional growth in an evolutionary
model, representing the internal dynamics of a regional system focusing on Arthurian dynamic increasing returns to scale.
The model shows how different evolutionary patterns can arise starting from identical local systems, and that the effects
of policies are different depending on the state of the system. Simulation evolutionary economic geography models also allow
to represent the complexity of spatial economic development without radically simplifying it and to formalize concepts which
are otherwise only expressed—by economic geographers—as logical arguments. 相似文献
11.
Darwinism in economics: from analogy to ontology 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
Geoffrey M. Hodgson 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2002,12(3):259-281
Several social scientists, including ‘evolutionary economists’, have expressed scepticism of ‘biological analogies’ and rejected
the application of ‘Darwinism’ to socio-economic evolution. Among this group, some have argued that self-organisation is an
alternative to biological analogies or Darwinism. Others have seen ‘artificial selection’ as an alternative to natural selection
in the socio-economic sphere. Another objection is that Darwinism excludes human intentionality. It is shown that all these
objections to ‘biological analogies’ and ‘Darwinism’ are ungrounded. Furthermore, Darwinism includes a broad theoretical framework
for the analysis of the evolution of all open, complex systems, including socio-economic systems. Finally and crucially, Darwinism
also involves a basic philosophical commitment to detailed, cumulative, causal explanations. For these reasons, Darwinism
is fully relevant for economics and an adequate evolutionary economics must be Darwinian, at least in these fundamental senses.
However, this does not undermine the need for auxiliary theories and explanations in the economic domain. 相似文献
12.
Christian Azar 《Environmental and Resource Economics》1998,11(3-4):301-315
Although the greenhouse effect is by many considered as one of the most serious environmental problems, several economic studies
of the greenhouse effect, most notably Nordhaus's DICE model, suggest that it is optimal to allow the emissions of greenhouse
gases (GHG) to increase by a factor of three over the next century. Other studies have found that substantial reductions can
be justified on economic grounds. This paper explores into the reasons for these differences and identifies four (partly overlapping)
crucial issues that have to be dealt with when analysing the economics of the greenhouse effect: low-probability but catastrophic
events; cost evaluation methods; the choice of discount rate; the choice of decision criterion. The paper shows that (i) these
aspects are crucial for the policy conclusions drawn from models of the economics of climate change, and that (ii) ethical
choices have to be made for each of these issues. This fact needs wider recognition since economics is very often perceived
as a value neutral tool that can be used to provide policy makers with “optimal” policies. 相似文献
13.
Vladislav Valentinov 《Constitutional Political Economy》2008,19(1):19-33
This paper reconsiders the exchange paradigm of constitutional economics from the perspective of the theory of the division
of labor. According to this theory, human wants can be satisfied by two basic mechanisms—exchange and self-sufficiency. The
exchange paradigm of constitutional economics emphasizes the former mechanism while neglecting the latter. Building on major
economic theories of the third sector, it is argued that the latter mechanism is more helpful than the former in explaining
the existence of third sector organizations. The paper concludes by discussing implications of this argument for the further
development of constitutional economics.
相似文献
14.
Conformity and the Demand for Environmental Goods 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Fredrik Carlsson Jorge H. García Åsa Löfgren 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2010,47(3):407-421
The existing literature on eco-labeling and green consumerism has been framed within a classical market context where price
and quality are the drivers of consumer choice. However, it seems possible that consumers are also concerned about the choices
made by other consumers. In fact, it is unclear that people’s consumption decisions are made independently of social context.
For instance, under the desire to conform to certain social norms—or in the presence of status concerns—some individuals may
be willing to pay a higher price premium for green products the more widespread green consumerism is in society. We test this
hypothesis using a choice experiment where the respondents were asked to choose among coffee products varying with respect
to their share of ecological beans, share of fair trade beans, and price. Three treatments were used, differing only in the
information given about the choices made by other consumers. We find different responses to the treatments across individuals
and we can only confirm our hypothesis of conformity for women, although men appear to have stronger preferences for ecological
coffee than women have. 相似文献
15.
Evolutionary developmental economics: how to generalize Darwinism fruitfully to help comprehend economic change 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Pavel Pelikan 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2011,21(2):341-366
Darwinism is shown possible to generalize fruitfully to help comprehend economic change by drawing on evolutionary developmental
biology (“evo–devo”)—its recent version, less concerned with replication of genes than with genomic instructing of development
of organisms. The result is a conceptual model with multilevel applications, generalizing development as instructed self-organizing
with inputs from environments, and evolution as experimental search for instructions making the development successful. Its
economic interpretation suggests to unite several existing fields into evolutionary developmental economics, where economic change can be studied comprehensively as development instructed by actual institutional rules, intertwined
with the evolution of these rules. 相似文献
16.
Much of the literature on corporate performance focuses on institutional restructuring, and implicitly assumes that constitutional factors are determined exogenously. Existing theories of the firm—whether a “goal paradigm” or an “exchange paradigm”—provide useful insights; but we find them incomplete because they miss the extent to which companies build unique and meaningful constitutional orders. Building on Vanberg (Const Polit Econ 3(2):223–253, 1992), we investigate the extent to which the field of constitutional political economy (CPE) can improve our understanding of organisations, by providing a typology of CPE that can be applied to a study of firms. We make a distinction among (1) operational; (2) institutional; and (3) constitutional levels of management, and based on the CPE literature argue that “constitutional” considerations help us to define the boundaries of a firm and its operational environment. 相似文献
17.
George R. Crowley 《Constitutional Political Economy》2012,23(2):134-165
Several theories suggest that states?? choices of constitutional rules are at least partially a function of neighboring constitutions. This paper provides the first analysis of spatial dependence of specific provisions within state constitutions in the United States. The analysis effectively makes constitutional rules endogenous, contributing to a relatively underdeveloped branch of constitutional economics. By employing a series of probit estimations of nineteen specific constitutional rules, I find evidence of spatial dependence in state constitutions. Specifically, the presence of specific constitutional constraints pertaining to term limits, supreme court justice selection, recall, home rule, direct democracy, constitutional amendment by convention, balanced budget requirements, tax and expenditure limits, line item veto, victims?? bill of rights, health and welfare, right to privacy, environmental protection, sex discrimination, abortion, and official language all exhibit some evidence spatial dependence. 相似文献
18.
19.
Sigmund Wagner-Tsukamoto 《Constitutional Political Economy》2010,21(3):288-307
Buchanan’s constitutional economics takes social conflict (the ‘Hobbesian jungle’, ‘Hobbesian anarchy’) as the starting point
for the analysis of social contract. Buchanan argues that in the presence of social conflict either some social contract (e.g.
some system of formal laws) or some generally shared moral precepts are needed to resolve the predicament that social conflict
presents. The present paper argues that a social conflict model also served the Old Testament as an analytical starting point.
However, contrary to both standard theological interpretation and Buchanan’s explicit claims, I argue that the Old Testament
had already made an attempt to model ‘Hobbesian anarchy’ in order to approach social conflict in an essentially modern, non-metaphysical manner. I argue that figures like Adam and Eve or Jacob,
in the tradition of Hobbesian anarchists, questioned godly authority and the associated imposed, authoritarian, metaphysical
social contract. In this way, one can detect a modern, contractarian constitutional economics in pre-Enlightenment literature
(and in Genesis, specifically) in direct contrast to Buchanan’s claims. 相似文献
20.
Faustian bargains 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Vincent Ostrom 《Constitutional Political Economy》1996,7(4):303-308