中小外贸企业:获得银行贷款直通车

银行特别关注生产型外贸企业的产品和市场,因为产品销售的成功才能保证银行信贷资金能安全收回。所以企业所生产的产品是否有市场,销售价格波动幅度、原材料的价格波动等,都是银行关注的重点。     

Commercial Bank Lending to SMEs in Poland

This paper explores the processes of financial intermediation that are used by commercial banks in their interactions with SMEs in Poland. The paper develops an argument for examining the empirical realities of commercial bank involvement with the SME sector within the context of economic transformation by suggesting that the connection between them influences the trajectories of economic change within transition. The paper provides a history of re-organisation of the commercial banking sector in Poland, paying particular attention to the involvement of foreign capital and foreign banks as the trend towards increasing foreign participation is apparent in the Central European transition economies. The findings from this research suggest that there are some significant variations within the commercial banking sector in the approach to, and practices for, lending to the SME sector.     

Capturing institutional home country conditions for exporting SMEs

In line with recent developments in institutional theory that indicate institutional settings can explain cross-national differences, this article proposes a measure of the institutional country profile relevant to exporting small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Combined emic and etic research approaches suggest a scale, derived through in-depth interviews with French and Romanian managers in SMEs and tested with 107 French export managers. The scale is psychometrically sound and supports a three-dimensional country institutional profile of exporting SMEs that comprises regulative, cognitive, and normative dimensions. The institutional profile of a country can complement, if not substitute for, culture as an explanation of export behavior. Furthermore, the proposed instrument can help researchers and managers diagnose countries' exporting strengths and weaknesses, according to their institutional conditions.     

Banking Competition and SMEs Bank Financing. Evidence from the Italian Provinces

This work investigates whether local differences in banking competition impact on the amount of bank debt used by Italian small and medium sized manufacturing firms. Sample selection and Double Hurdle models are adopted as the process, which results in the choice of bank financing may differ from that determining its amount. Our main finding is that more competitive banking markets seem to be associated with relatively higher usage of bank debt by less transparent firms. On the other hand, a higher banking competition seems to have no effect on the probability of receiving bank loans.

Making Social Investment Happen for the Eurozone

Half a decade after the euro crisis, the European Union is in dire need of a growth strategy that is economically viable, politically legitimate and seen as socially fair. The United Kingdom’s fateful choice for Brexit has given new urgency to this imperative. While it is deplorable to lose a strong political force behind the internal market, Britain’s decision to leave the EU does create a window of opportunity for taking the Union’s “social market economy” ambitions, as laid down in Articles 2 and 3 of the Lisbon Treaty, more seriously than before.     

A modest proposal for resolving the Eurozone crisis

This paper presents three simple policies for overcoming the crisis that can be implemented immediately and require none of the moves such as national guarantees or fiscal transfers to which many Europeans are opposed, nor moves towards federation that entail Treaty changes, which electorates are most likely to reject. The logic behind these policy proposals is juxtaposed with the false dilemmas that currently impede clear thinking and immobilise Europe’s policymakers.     

论国际贸易术语与相关交易条件的衔接

国际贸易术语是用来说明商品的价格构成，说明货物交接过程中有关风险、责任和费用划分问题的专门术语，它还可以确定买卖合同的性质，并对其他合同条款要如运输、保险、支付和检验等产生影响，它也会影响其他合同如运输合同中的某些条件，所以国际贸易实践中选用贸易术语时，需注意贸易术语与相关交易条件的衔接．否则可能因衔接不好在履行合同中产生争议。     

中小企业发展过程中面临的问题与对策

<正>一、中小企业自身主要特征分析(一)规模小、管理制度薄弱中小企业一般都处在创业初期,所呈现出的最明显的特点就是企业规模小、生产技术水平落后、产品科技含量较低,经营行为短期化,经营过程中存在极大的风险。在管理上,许多中小企业仍然没有建立现代企业制度,管     

The Eurozone formation: MNC and international bank reactions

Introduction of the Euro has brought dramatic changes to the perceptions and realities of MNC finance. These changes vary considerably based on whether the multinational company has integrated its U.S. and European treasury operations or is U.S. dollar‐centric in finance orientation. We conducted a survey to determine changes in U.S.‐based MNC treasury practice resulting from the Eurozone formation. This article reports the results of this survey with regard to hedging activities, European banking arrangements, and Euro financial market sourcing. The effects on the two types of MNCs are compared. Implications for international banks are examined. Recent Eurozone bank merger developments are also reviewed, with special focus on M&A developments in both France and Germany. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Bank market power and the intensity of borrower discouragement: analysis of SMEs across developed and developing European countries

Small Business Economics - This paper analyzes the effect of bank market power on the financial constraints of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) through the study of borrower...     

Public Sector Support for Innovating SMEs

Innovation support for SMEs is considered from the point of view of the "needs" of SMEs in the context of a specific regional economy – London's Lee Valley region. As identified in the literature and, more specifically, in a survey of 100 innovating SMEs in the study region, attention is focused on the innovation support needs that relate to the size characteristics of SMEs. The difficulties of financing innovation are shown to stem from the attitudes of SME owner managers as well as from supply-side failures. The paper examines four different innovation support instruments, taken as constituting key elements of the support "system" within the region. Drawing on the findings of interviews with client businesses, the paper considers the strengths and weaknesses of each policy instrument. Conclusions relate to the overall impact of innovation support provision, in particular the need for greater integration in the design and implementation of policy instruments.     

China＇s credit card debt continues to expand

Credit card debt at least six months overdue in China rose 126.5 percent year on year in the first three quarters of 2009 to RMB 7.43 billion （US$1.09 billion）, the People＇s Bank of China, the central bank, said on November 30.     

中小企业移动互联网营销对策研究

近年来,移动互联网营销成为大众关注的焦点。微信和二维码技术的发展促进了中小企业移动互联网营销的发展。目前,移动互联网营销借助大数据进行精准营销,通过移动支付工具进行支付,营销的内容多元化。但中小企业移动互联网营销尚处于起步阶段,营销形式较低端,在营销的过程中还存在对移动互联网营销的内涵存在误解,缺乏营销人才,没有健全的营销效果评价体系,精准度低的问题。中小企业应重新理解内涵,培养人才,健全评价体系并开展精准营销。     

SMEs Call for More Financial Support

Those Small and medium enterprises(SME) with feasible projects can apply for the national technology innovation fund, said Qu Dongsheng,director with Project Consultation Department of the China High-tech Industrialization Association, at the Second China's SMEs Finance & Investment Seminar on Aug.     

试论我国小企业生存和发展中的创新支持

在现代企业逐步向大型化、集中化方向发展之时,小企业仍有其生存和发展的基础。但是,近年来,随着我国过剩经济的出现和经济全球化进程的日益加快,小企业的生存压力越来越大,小企业的持续发展面临着极其严峻的挑战。小企业必须根据自身的特点,制定出有效的技术创新、市场创新和管理创新战略,通过企业创新实现小企业的生存和发展。