新农村建设中大学生村官存在的问题及对策研究

大学生村官计划是近年来党和政府为加快农村地区发展,推动新农村建设而实施的一大战略举措。经过近十年的探索实践与发展,取得了一定成效并产生了良好的社会影响。但由于种种原因的影响,部分大学生村官仍存在思想觉悟、工作能力等方面与基层工作要求不相符的现象。这对于社会主义新农村建设事业的顺利进行以及大学生村官的全面发展是极为不利的。因此,本文在尊重客观实际的基础上,对大学生村官在基层工作中存在的共性问题进行了归纳分析,并提出了在新农村建设中进一步发挥大学生村官作用的对策建议,以使大学生村官计划能够更好地服务于新农村建设事业。     

大学生村官计划研究综述与展望

大学生村官计划是当前我国为建设新农村而实施的一项重大举措,对大学生村官计划的研究也随着村官计划的实施而进入了高潮。通过学者们的研究,大学生村官计划在政策的时代背景、其发展过程、作用与意义、存在的问题方面已经形成了较为完善的理论,同时学者们对完善大学生村官计划也提出了较为系统的意见,但大学生村官计划研究还有待于进一步细致化、人性化、定量化的研究成果出台。     

大学生“村官”绩效考核的现状研究——以四川省安岳县为例

实施大学生"村官"计划是解决中国大学生就业难问题、推进基层组织建设、促进社会主义新农村建设的,具有中国特色的战略性举措。本文以四川省安岳县大学生"村官"绩效考核工作为例,运用鱼骨图分析现有大学生"村官"绩效制度存在的问题及其成因,并提出针对性的解决对策。     

大学生村官计划中的制度问题及对策──基于温州的实地调查

大学生村官计划是我国为了加快社会主义新农村建设,引导高校毕业生面向基层农村就业的一项重大战略举措。自1995年江苏首次实施大学生村官政策以来,已走过了16年的历程。在大学生村官制度建设不断取得进展的同时,其实施发展过程中也出现了一些的问题。本文立足于对浙江省温州市的实地调研,归纳并分析了大学生村官计划实施过程中存在的一些制度问题,并提出了一些有针对性的建议和对策。     

浅析村民自治背景下大学生村官的困境与发展

广大农村地区在新农村的建设中,面临着人才匮乏和缺失的现状。大学生村官计划的实施在一定的程度上缓解了这一矛盾,而在村民自治的大背景下,它的实施又出现了不少的问题与困境。本文结合村民自治的主题,探讨在村官制度的运行中,如何准确定位大学生村官的位置,力争克服现有的弊端,使其成为新农村建设的人才保障,更好地推进新农村的建设。     

大学生村官创业情况的调研报告——以江苏省丰县为例

大学生村官在服务三农中积极性高、主动性强、富有责任感,在社会主义新农村建设、农业发展、农民致富方面作出了突出贡献。但同时也面临着定位不准、能力不足、经验缺乏等诸多方面的困惑。本文选取徐州市丰县大学生村官为调查对象,从大学生村官工作的实际出发,对该县大学生村官创业情况进行系统调研。了解本县大学生村官的基本情况、当地大学生村官工作的主要做法和取得的成效,根据实际情况分析问题产生的原因,从多角度入手,为大学生村官计划的实施提供一些建议。     

“大学生村官”实施中的问题及对策

大学生村官计划作为村官职业化的一种初步尝试,是大学生就业、新农村建设和城乡统筹背景下农村人力资源开发的多赢之举,但在实践中存在的诸多问题制约了该项计划功效的发挥。本文针对这些问题,就如何促进该计划可持续性发展提出了相关对策。     

新农村建设背景下“大学生村官”培养机制探析

选拔优秀大学生到农村任职,对提高农村干部的整体素质、建设社会主义新农村具有十分重要的意义。村官政策实行以来,取得了很大的成效,但也面临着很多问题。加强对大学生村官的培养,是保障和促进大学生村官在新农村建设中发挥聪明才智,扎实推进新农村建设的关键。建议从高校培养和地方政府开展培训两方面对大学生村官进行培养。     

农民渴望自己的大学生村官

近年来，中央为了促就业、补充农村人才和大力推动新农村建设，先后实施了鼓励大学生村官服务农民的政策和制度，许多大学生也积极响应来做村官，但是毕竟时间有限，而有些地方对其管理缺位，又不敢放手让他们工作。     

枣庄市北庄镇三项措施促大学生村官成长

<正>近年来,山东省枣庄市山亭区北庄镇采取三项措施,力促大学生村官健康成长,真正成为新农村建设的主力军。实施三类培训,务实大学生村官成长之"基"。针对大学生村官的专业特长和性格特点,进行个性化、分类式实践培训:对组织领导能力强,善于解决急难险重问题的大学生村官,实施"引领式"培训,由一名党政班子成员帮带,负责传授基层     

The Nexus of Population,Energy, Innovation,and Complexity

For the past 200 years, humans have benefited from the abundant, inexpensive, and easily obtained energy of fossil fuels. Energy surpluses such as this are unusual in human history. In systems with little surplus energy, population growth is low and complexity emerges slowly due to the energetic costs it carries. On the rare occasions when energy is readily available, societies respond by growing rapidly. They must become more complex in response to the social, economic, and resource challenges of dense population. More complex societies are more expensive, requiring greater energy per capita. The process of increasing complexity necessitates greater energy production, creating a positive feedback cycle. Past societies have collapsed under such pressures. Population and complexity grew rapidly when the Industrial Revolution replaced economies based on annual solar radiation with economies fueled by fossil energy. The Green Revolution of the 20^th century is credited with preventing mass starvation, but it has made food production and sustaining population ever‐more dependent on high‐energy (low‐entropy) inputs. Some believe innovation will overcome the limitations of resources and permit unchecked growth. However, increases in complexity, innovation, and fossil energy are all subject to diminishing returns, and cannot continue to support population at current levels.     

青岛市官产学研合作现状及对策

文章在分析青岛市目前官产学研合作的现状的基础上,提出提高青岛市产学研合作的对策建议,充分利用这一机遇,为青岛市的发展带来新的力量,加快创新型城市的建设步伐。     

Transversals, systems of distinct representatives, mechanism design, and matching

A transversal generated by a system of distinct representatives (SDR) for a collection of sets consists of an element from each set (its representative) such that the representative uniquely identifies the set it belongs to. Theorem 1 gives a necessary and sufficient condition that an arbitrary collection, finite or infinite, of sets, finite or infinite, have an SDR. The proof is direct, short. A Corollary to Theorem 1 shows explicitly the application to matching problems. In the context of designing decentralized economic mechanisms, it turned out to be important to know when one can construct an SDR for a collection of sets that cover the parameter space characterizing a finite number of economic agents. The condition of Theorem 1 is readily verifiable in that economic context. Theorems 2–5 give different characterizations of situations in which the collection of sets is a partition. This is of interest because partitions have special properties of informational efficiency.     

Workfare,welfare, agency,and well-being

Workfare programs are state-instituted programs that require able-bodied persons with children of school age who wish to claim welfare payments to participate in job training programs, and, eventually, to enter the work force. The philosophy of workfare is based on the value of work and the goal of self-determination. However, as a mandatory program for welfare recipients, workfare requires of those recipients certain duties which, according to those who challenge workfare, interfere with the freedom to choose what one will do with one's life. Whether some form of workfare will be adopted as part of our national welfare system remains to be seen. What the debate about such a program suggests is that welfare, in itself, by ignoring the necessity of security and education for full human agency, neither satisfies basic needs nor prepares its recipients for any life other than that of dependency. With all its difficulties workfare nevertheless presents an alternative to welfare that, at least in theory, more closely identifies its purpose with the values of our society.     

Structural estimation of caloric intake,exercise, smoking,and obesity

The escalating rate of obesity in the US highlights the importance of understanding the causes for this rise. In this paper I employ the First, Second, and Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys to estimate a structural model of the determinants of adult obesity. To control for the potential endogeneity of some explanatory variables, such as caloric intake (adjusted for activity level) and smoking, a set of reduced form equations for these outcomes is estimated simultaneously with the obesity equation. To identify each equation, I use an array of state-level characteristics as instrumental variables. Trends in these variables shed light on the sources of the rapid increase in obesity since 1980.     

Exploring the exit,voice, loyalty,and neglect typology: The influence of job satisfaction,quality of alternatives,and investment size

The current theory proposes that responses to dissatisfaction differ in constructiveness versus destructiveness and activity versus passivity, defining four categories of response: exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect. The manner in which employees react to job dissatisfaction is determined by three variables: overall job satisfaction; quality of job alternatives, and magnitude of investments in the job. This article presents a meta-analysis of the results of five studies in a program of research designed to test the current theory. Ten of 12 theory predictions received good support: Greater job satisfaction was associated with greater tendencies toward voice and loyalty, and with lesser exit and neglect. Superior alternatives were associated with greater tendencies toward exit and voice, and with lesser neglect. Greater investment size was associated with greater tendencies toward voice and loyalty, and with lesser neglect.     

Externalities, Indivisibility, Nonreplicability, and Agglomeration

In this paper we argue that the impact of external scale economies and diseconomies on city size is not nearly as clear-cut as it is tacitly believed in urban economics. Similarly, city-size distortions are not caused by externalities alone. Indivisibility and nonreplicability, which prevent establishing the “right” number of cities, may represent a source for city-size distortions which can be stronger than the standard resource misallocation resulting from external scale economies and diseconomies. It follows that a direct population dispersion policy is not just an inferior substitute to Pigouvian taxes and subsidies but rather a useful complement.