创意产品出口、模仿威胁与知识产权保护

本文从理论上分析了知识产权保护对创意产品出口的影响,并以此建立计量模型,利用美国2006-2010年的创意产品出口的面板数据进行实证分析。结果表明,进口国的知识产权保护增强有利于创意产品出口,而且在考虑模仿威胁的情况下,这种正效应依然显著。知识产权保护在创意产品贸易中的正效应大于在货物贸易中的正效应。创意产品对知识产权保护更敏感。     

On the economics of R&D and technological collaborations: Insights and results from the project colline

Research collaborations involve co-production and exchange of knowledge across organisational boundaries. They involve governance of intellectual property rights and partners' use of collectively produced knowledge. The principal findings arise from case studies of consortia governance in biotechnology and software and substantial variety in arrangements is identified. This variety may be explained by the appropriability of knowledge in particular research domains as well as by the nature of the knowledge generated. Consequences of governance rules are explored for European research consortia and for collective standards making activities. The analysis indicates several policy conclusions: government policy has an important role in overcoming market failures in consortia formation; adoption of any uniform intellectual property rights model for consortia would be likely to reduce research productivity; policies aimed at stimulating consortia formation must take account of the nature of knowledge that is to be exchanged.     

技术创新与知识产权保护的互动性研究

随着知识经济时代的到来,技术创新与知识产权保护问题日益得到重视。知识产权保护制度既是保护科学技术和文化艺术成果的重要法律制度。也是我国衡量企业技术创新的重要政策工具。分析了技术创新对知识产权制度的建立和发展的推动作用。同时也阐述了知识产权制度对促进企业技术创新具有重大作用。针对这些问题本文提出了一些相应的对策和建议。     

跨国并购动因研究综述

随着知识经济和全球化经济的深入发展,并购逐渐成为企业生存、发展和壮大的必然选择:或在并购中存活壮大,或在并购造就的不利竞争夹缝中苟延。从对外直接投资动因源头出发,以历史发展为序梳理跨国并购推动力和原因,探究跨国并购新的动因——以知识产权为导向的跨国并购,一种以知识经济时代为背景、以知识产权获取为动因、以主要知识产权类型为内容的跨国并购。     

基于Brusselator模型的我国知识产权管理系统耗散结构生成机制

运用耗散结构理论分析我国知识产权管理系统耗散结构生成机制。首先,从理论上分析我国知识产权管理系统耗散结构存在的合理性及特征;其次,利用Brusselator模型对其进行管理学转译,并选取2014-2015年统计数据,对我国内地30个地区知识产权管理系统耗散结构生成机制进行实证检验。研究结果显示:现阶段我国大多数地区知识产权管理系统耗散结构并未形成,形成耗散结构的地区仅占13%,部分经济发达地区并没有形成耗散结构,系统内部无序性程度较高,阻碍了这些地区知识产权管理水平的提升。     

Patterns in UK company innovation styles: New evidence from the CBI innovation trends survey

This paper reports on the results of an analysis at Centre for Research on Innovation and Competition (CRIC) of the data from the 1996 and 1997 Survey of Innovation Trends conducted by the Confederation of British Industry (CBI) in conjunction with the NatWest Bank in the UK. This is one of the few, direct surveys of innovation activity, as opposed to R&D and patenting actvity, which is conducted in the UK It is characterized by the fact that it asks responding firms to report on trends in a wide variety of aspects of their innovative behaviour. The central feature of the analysis in this paper is a factor analysis of the answers to a set of 15 questions on different aspects of innovative behaviour. This results in a three-factor solution which reveals three distinct 'styles' of innovation in the behaviour of respondents. These three styles are shown to be broadly applicable to both manufacturing industry firms and service industry firms in the sample, thus revealing a dimension of innovation in the service sector which is not so readily disclosed by analysis of R&D or patent statistics. Statistical modelling of the constraints and incentives influencing innovation shows that while constraints do not appear to be very significant, competitive pressure and the utilization of collaborative linkages are strongly positively associated with innovation, and especially with a more radical s o b of innovation. Ihe paper concludes that the CBI survey provides data about innovation in the UK which are not easily provided through other means. Its format allows certain aspects of innovation—particularly the similarities and differences between manufacturing and services —to be examined in an interesting way.     

印度知识产权管理及科研机构技术转移政策初探

印度建有比较完善的知识产权法律体系。本文介绍了印度知识产权法律制度、管理机构以及专利发布渠道，并以印度科学与工业研究理事会、印度农业研究理事会、坎普尔理工大学、孟买理工大学、印度科学学院等著名研究机构和大学为例，介绍了印度科研机构和高等院校的知识产权政策和管理规定。     

知识视角下虚拟组织持续创新能力形成机理

基于知识视角，剖析虚拟组织知识资源获取、知识集成、学习能力、信任与持续创新能力的关系机制，构建虚拟组织持续创新能力形成机理模型。在此基础上，选取251家创新企业样本进行实证研究。结果发现：知识资源获取分别对持续创新能力、知识集成有非常显著的正向作用；知识集成对持续创新能力影响显著，知识集成在显性知识资源获取与持续创新能力之间起部分中介作用，而在隐性知识资源获取与持续创新能力之间起完全中介作用；学习能力和信任显著调节知识资源获取对知识集成的正向作用，且显性知识资源获取与隐性知识资源获取随着企业间学习能力与信任度的提升，通过知识集成中介对持续创新能力的作用更显著。     

知识产权能力、外部知识产权保护强度与企业成长性

在知识经济背景下,知识产权能力是企业发展不可或缺的能力。从创造、运用、管理3个维度剖析了企业知识产权能力,探讨其对企业成长的影响机制,并分析了区域知识产权保护强度在这一过程中的调节作用。通过对计算机应用上市企业数据的实证分析,发现知识产权能力可以有效促进企业成长,企业所在区域知识产权保护强度对这一影响存在显著正向调节作用。     

中国知识产权发展水平主要影响因素研究

依据《深入实施国家知识产权战略行动计划（2014-2020年）》,探讨影响知识产权发展的5大因素。通过对《中国知识产权指数报告2014》的指标进行分类,计量分析中国内地31省市的截面数据,得出影响中国知识产权发展的主要因素是知识产权创造（创造质量）和运用（技术市场交易）,同时,知识产权的保护（司法保护能力）、管理（企业创造潜力）和基础能力建设（创造环境）对知识产权发展有较大影响。构建了以实现知识产权市场价值为目的的知识产权发展概念模型,提出了促进中国知识产权发展的建议。     

行业知识产权风险与企业自主创新投资研究

基于2005-2007年广东省高技术企业调查数据,结合我国的知识产权制度和市场背景,首次从行业层面界定并衡量企业自主创新中的知识产权风险——知识外溢风险与知识产权法律风险,并实证检验了两种风险对企业研究与开发投资的影响。研究发现,知识外溢程度的提高并未降低企业的研究与开发投资,知识外溢的正外部性效应大于风险效应,而知识产权法律风险则不利于企业的研究与开发投资。最后,为企业的自主创新管理和知识产权管理提供有益的建议。     

Embracing invention similarity for the measurement of vertically overlapping claims

ABSTRACT

Clear and well-defined patent rights can incentivize innovation by granting monopoly rights to the inventor for a limited period of time in exchange for public disclosure of the invention. However, with cumulative innovation, when a product draws from intellectual property held across multiple firms (including fragmented intellectual property or patent thickets), contracting failures may lead to suboptimal economic outcomes. However, an alternative theory, developed by a variety of scholars, contends that patent thickets have a more ambiguous effect. Researchers have developed several measures to gauge the extent and impact of cumulative innovation and the various channels of patent thickets. This paper contends that mis-measurement may contribute to the incoherence and overall lack of consensus within the patent thickets literature. Specifically, the literature is missing a precise measure of vertically overlapping claims. We propose a new measure of vertically overlapping claims that incorporates invention similarity to more precisely identify inventive overlap. The measure defined in this paper will enable more accurate measurement, and allow for novel economic research on cumulative innovation, fragmentation in intellectual property, and patent thickets within and across all patent jurisdictions.     

A new paradigm for knowledge-based competition: building an industry through knowledge sharing

A common assumption in traditional strategic management thinking is that competitive success may be achieved by the creation and protection offirm-specific factors, either favourable market positions, as in industrial organization-based frameworks, or unique resources, such as intellectual properg and tacit knowledge, as in resource-based frameworks. This paper argues that owing to certain long-term trends in technology, industries and socieg, this paradigm is no longer appropriate for modern knowledge-based industries, particularly emerging high-technology industries. In these industries, technologies and firms are increasing4 interconnected in a complex web of interactions, and the main task o f strategic management is one o f managing technological and industy co-evolution. Complexity theory is used to identify mechanisms and strategies for creating sustainable technological communities and industries.     

Organizational forms in the knowledge economy: a comparative institutional analysis

This paper provides a framework with which to analyze organizational forms in the knowledge economy. We focus on an important trade-off facing modern firms: firms can acquire the property of all the innovations developed by their employees and can greatly increase their profits, yet this type of private intellectual property rights regime can discourage the innovative effort of the very same workers. Allowing workers to carry their knowledge outside the firm eliminates this disincentive. Hence, strategic complementarities may exist between innovative partners and a disclosure driven intellectual property rights regime, and passive employees and a private intellectual property rights regime. An evolutionary game theoretic model demonstrates these strategic complementarities and shows when economies tend towards disclosure driven or private intellectual property rights regimes.     

企业隐性知识转移中的知识产权风险及其规避研究

隐性知识往往是企业知识中最重要的部分,是企业核心竞争力的基础,要实现企业的知识创新就必须实现隐性知识的转移;但知识和知识产权所固有的特性增加了知识转移中的知识产权风险。分析了企业隐性知识转移中知识产权风险产生的机理,列举了知识产权风险的主要表现形式,在此基础上提出了相应的风险规避措施建议。     

知识产权保护对我国成长型创新企业自主创新影响的定量分析

以创业板上市企业2009-2014年面板数据为样本,定量分析知识产权保护对成长型创新企业技术创新的影响。研究表明,对创新投入的影响：加强知识产权保护对成长型创新企业研发资本投入具有显著促进作用;加强政府补贴资助力度会进一步强化这一促进作用;企业利润越高、规模越大,加强知识产权保护对企业研发投入的促进作用越大。对创新产出的影响：目前,各地加强知识产权保护能促进成长型创新企业发明专利产出,但是知识产权保护水平较高地区,如北京、上海、天津、广东、浙江和江苏知识产权保护抑制实用新型专利产出。企业研发资本投入增加、政府补贴提高、企业利润水平提升、规模扩大等都会提高知识产权保护对创新产出的正向促进作用。知识产权保护水平提高对于外观设计申请量的影响显著为负。     

知识产权对区域经济贡献度的实证研究——基于江苏省统计数据

知识产权作为开发利用知识资源的基本制度,在推进江苏经济发展方式转变中的作用将尤为突出。立足于2000—2009年江苏省的统计数据,用熵值模型对江苏省知识产权的经济绩效进行了测算,并以此为基础进一步用生产函数模型,估算了知识产权对江苏省经济增长的贡献度。在这10年间,知识产权对于江苏省GDP的贡献度为33.93%,已经超过了劳动力的贡献,这将有利于江苏创新型经济的实现。     

开放式创新中知识产权协同管理困境探究

开放式创新中知识产权协同管理因受到权利归属、信息不对称、权力主体诉求差异、创新不确定等天然因素影响会遇到一些悖论式的困境,这些困境在实践中表现为各种形式,从阻碍创新发起,到影响创新过程管理、中间产出及创新成果的分享等诸环节、方面均有表现。无论发生在哪个环节,均在一定程度阻碍协同管理的有效开展,这为企业进行开放式创新带来了挑战。深究这些困境发现,在学理层面,作为一种人类合作困境的具体表现,知识产权协同困境除具有人类合作困境中的一般特点外,还具有一些知识、知识产权合作本身方面的特殊性,如价值困境、信息披露困境、最优保护度难以确定困境等。文章对知识产权协同管理困境的主要表现及困境类型、背后原因等进行了初步探讨,给出了相应的应对思路。研究结果对进一步深入相关研究有一定的理论与参考价值。     

传统知识概念界定及特性研究

传统知识保护是新一轮WTO多边谈判和WIPO探讨的议题之一，但至今未取得实质性进展。传统知识是现代社会日益重要的经济资源，其概念界定及特性研究是制约国际社会对此题进行深入探讨的瓶颈。从知识产权保护视角下对传统知识的概念作出界定。强调其是一种人类群体智力活动产生的未以现代知识形态表达的不断传承、发展的知识形态，同时找出其特性所在，是优化传统知识资源配置和法律保护的最重要前提。     

改革开放后知识产权制度绩效实证分析

新中国历经了知识产权制度存废正反两方面的制度变迁，改革开放后知识产权制度绩效的实证分析表明，知识产权制度越完善知识创新绩效愈高，反之，知识产权制度越不完善知识创新绩效愈低下，这说明，与知识创新其他制度相耦合的现代知识产权制度是一国知识产品生产与消费的最优机制。