Development of patent roadmap based on technology roadmap by analyzing patterns of patent development

Recently, patent forecasting and planning has been emphasized as an essential process in the strategic management of technology because well-planned patents will make larger profits and occupy dominant positions first. Thus, this paper aims to suggest the concept and process of a patent roadmap based on a technology roadmap and patterns of patent development. For this, first, ontology of technology is generated to structure the characteristics of technology based on the existing technology roadmap and then patents are collected from a patent database. Second, collected patents are grouped by similarities based on vectors of extracted keywords and grouping results are classified by TEMPEST. In this step, keywords extracted from the previous phase are matched with TEMPEST individually and patent groups are categorized in accordance with high relevance between representative keywords in patent groups and core keywords in each category of TEMPEST. Third, the patterns of patent development are identified for each patent group and categorized by two types – structural and temporal patterns. Consequently, extracted patterns serve as evidence of patent planning, and the patent roadmap is drawn with the technology layer composed of the technology roadmap and the patent layer that each group is mapped on. The proposed approach is illustrated by the case of the transparent AMOLED display. The patent roadmap will enable managers to establish patenting strategies in order to achieve a valuable core patent that has the potential to become a business model, yielding good returns in the long term.     

知识产权保护强度与中国的高新技术产品进口

本文利用1996~2010年中国与105个贸易伙伴国的双边数据、世界106个贸易国之间的双边大样本数据,基于高新技术产品整体进口、9类高新技术产品进口的视角,实证分析了国内专利保护强度对中国高新技术产品进口的影响。研究结果发现,从整体上来看,中国国内专利保护程度的提升会增加高新技术产品的进口,但是这种效应对于从专利保护指数较低国家、发展中国家的进口更明显;中国国内专利保护强度提升对高新技术产品进口的促进效应高于世界平均水平;中国专利保护强度提升会显著提高进口产品广度和进口产品数量;中国国内产权保护程度提升对中国从发达国家进口航空器材、电子通信设备、医药制品、科学设备、电力机械、化学材料、武器与军用设备的促进作用是显著的正效应。本文使用工具变量对内生性问题进行了处理,稳定性检验也表明回归结果是稳健的。     

Dynamics between patent latent variables and patent price

This paper focuses on studying the relationship between patent latent variables and patent price. From the existing literature, seven patent latent variables, namely age, generality, originality, foreign filings, technology field, forward citations, and backward citations were identified as having an influence on patent value. We used Ocean Tomo's patent auction price data in this study. We transformed the price and the predictor variables (excluding the dummy variables) to its logarithmic value. The OLS estimates revealed that forward citations and foreign filings were positively correlated to price. Both the variables jointly explained 14.79% of the variance in patent pricing. We did not find sufficient evidence to come up with any definite conclusions on the relationship between price and the variables such as age, technology field, generality, backward citations and originality. The Heckman two-stage sample selection model was used to test for selection bias.     

PATENT ENFORCEMENT: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Without the confidence that patent rights can be enforced quickly and efficiently, when needed, the patent system will not stimulate innovation. For this reason, governments, academics, international institutions and the private sector have poured significant resources into gathering and analysing statistics on patent enforcement over the last two decades. This paper reviews these studies and finds that while infringement is relatively common, much enforcement occurs informally and less than 1–2% of patents incur litigation. New strategic uses of the enforcement system, especially by nonpracticing entities, are the major emerging enforcement issue, especially in the United States. While the old problem of litigation costs attracts the lion's share of empirical attention, it has produced remarkably few solutions to date.     

数据挖掘技术及其在生产过程质量控制中的应用

生产过程中质量控制对提高产品质量具有重要的意义。本文对数据挖掘技术的概念及方法进行了简单的介绍,以挤塑产品生产过程中温度的多元回归预测挖掘为例介绍了数据挖掘技术在生产过程质量控制的应用,表明这种方法在实际应用中的正确性和有效性。     

我国专利权行政保护机制探讨

在竞争不断加剧的国际背景下,专利权的保护水平已经成为了衡量国家综合国力的重要指标之一。专利权的司法和行政双轨制保护是我国知识产权制度的一大特色。文章通过国内外专利权行政保护的比较研究指出,在较长一段时期内,中国保持较强的专利权行政保护符合我国现阶段社会发展的需要。借鉴美国、德国及其他发达国家和地区有关专利权行政保护成功经验,改善我国专利权行政保护机制以维护国家利益和本土专利权主体的合法权益。     

THE ROLE OF FEES IN PATENT SYSTEMS: THEORY AND EVIDENCE

This paper reviews the economic literature on the role of fees in patent systems. Two main research questions are usually addressed: the impact of patent fees on the behavior of applicants and the question of optimal fees. Studies in the former group confirm that a range of fees affect the behavior of applicants and suggest that a patent is an inelastic good. Studies in the latter group provide grounds for both low and high application (or pre‐grant) fees and renewal (or post‐grant) fees, depending on the structural context and policy objectives. The paper also presents new stylized facts on patent fees of 30 patent offices worldwide. It is shown that application fees are generally lower than renewal fees, and renewal fees increase more than proportionally with patent age.     

基于数据融合的轨道计算方法研究

目前测量船轨道计算使用的是基于单一测量设备的外测数据,而在实际任务中往往会有来自多种不同测量设备的外测数据。每种测量设备对目标的跟踪精度是不同的,利用数据融合方法对不同精度的测量数据进行综合利用,可以提高轨道计算结果精度,也为轨道预报及指挥决策提供更为准确的参考数据。     

A SURVEY OF THE ECONOMICS OF PATENT SYSTEMS AND PROCEDURES

The last several decades have seen increases in patenting activity worldwide, as well as growing issues related to patent quality. In response to these quality issues a recent patent literature has emerged, that investigates the behavior and incentives of patent examiners, applicants, and third parties. In this paper, we provide an overview of patent procedures, patent systems and a survey of the new economic literature on patent systems. Both theoretical and empirical papers are considered. Policy implications coming from this literature are presented.     

应用GPS与InSAR技术监测滑坡的若干问题讨论

本文在对滑坡监测的特点进行初步分析的基础上,分别探讨了GPS与InSAR技术在监测滑坡中精度及其存在的问题,并给出了这两种对地观测技术用于监测滑坡的国内外的现状及发展趋势。另外探讨了GPS与InSAR数据融合在滑坡监测中的特点,并分析了GPS与InSAR数据融合的优势。     

The coincidence of patent thickets—A comparative analysis

The growth of patent thickets—technology fields that are characterized by a large overlap of rights between different right holders—poses a challenge for innovators. Patent thickets are argued to create strong friction in innovation due to a pronounced potential for holdup. So far, we do not know whether patent thickets coincide in all patent systems or if differences exist that policy makers and managers must take into account when aiming to disentangle and to navigate patent thickets, respectively. To address this gap, we measure patent density of technology fields in the patent systems of the United States, the German patent system governed by the German Patent and Trademark Office (DPMA), and the European patent system governed by the European Patent Office (EPO). Our comparisons reveal both interesting differences and similarities between the analyzed patent systems. Although the United States and the EPO patent system show similar relative patent density patterns across technology fields, the German patent system strongly differs from the previous two. This implies that such deviations need to be taken into account by policy makers when considering regulatory measures as well as by companies in their intellectual property strategy.     

BP神经网络在WSN数据融合中的应用

在无线传感器网络(WSNs)的研究与应用中,利用数据融合来提高网络中能量利用率是其中一个重要的研究方向。文章利用BP(Back Propagation)神经网络能够对曲线进行无限逼近的特性来对无线传感器的监测数据进行数据拟合,然后传输拟合好的权值与阈值,同时通过将上一次拟合的权值与阈值赋予下一次拟合来减少神经网络的训练步数。模拟实验表明利用该方案能够有效减少数据的传输量,从而达到高效利用传感器能量的目的。     

Crossing the chasm with beacon products in the portable music player industry

Firms competing in new product categories face great technical and market uncertainty as they try to move from early adopters to mainstream markets (83, 93 and 111). While the management literature identified several factors that may contribute to adoption, the role of specific product models has been understudied. To address this gap, we studied portable digital music players (MP3 players) from 1987–2006 and tested the role of specific product models in market takeoff, convergence and product category evolution. We introduced the concept of beacon product, defined as a specific product model that has great appeal to customers and sends a strong signal about what they want.     

一种人工神经网络样本数据的对数螺旋线扰动方法

通过构建面向聚类的隐私保护数据扰动模型,利用对数螺线对原始数据进行扰动隐藏,维持原始数据的邻域关系稳定,实现数据集聚类可用性的有效维护;进一步提高BP神经网络的收敛速度,并且能够有效地避免数据隐私泄露,同时维持输出结果的可用性。     

A comparison of financial duration models via density forecasts

Using density forecast evaluation techniques, we compare the predictive performance of econometric specifications that have been developed for modeling duration processes in intra-day financial markets. The model portfolio encompasses various variants of the Autoregressive Conditional Duration (ACD) model and recently proposed dynamic factor models. The evaluation is conducted on time series of trade, price and volume durations computed from transaction data of NYSE listed stocks. The results show that simpler approaches perform at least as well as more complex methods. With respect to modeling trade duration processes, standard ACD models successfully account for duration dynamics while none of the models provides an acceptable specification for the conditional duration distribution. We find that the Logarithmic ACD, if based on a flexible innovation distribution, provides a quite robust and useful framework for the modeling of price and volume duration processes.