对隐性就业的理论分析

隐性就业现象是我国在经济体制转轨时期出现的一种特有现象。已经对我国的失业治理工作产生了多方面的影响。目前国内对这个问题的研究还很不够。本文首先从经济学角度定义了隐性失业,并进一步剖析了隐性失业产生的原因及其积极和消极的影响。最后,提出了消除隐性就业消极影响的政策建议     

对我国现行失业统计的探讨

我国现行的失业统计已有很大改进,但在失业人口、农村失业和隐性失业统计等还存在一些问题,通过分析这些问题与不足,对我国现行失业统计的改进提出了一些措施,包括:建立健全失业统计指标体系,完善失业统计调查方法;对失业人员的年龄应取消上限;加强下岗职工失业统计;加强隐性失业统计;加强农业失业人口统计.     

陕西省城市贫困问题研究

伴随着全球经济结构的重构和社会的变迁,城市化的进程不断加快,城市人口急剧地增加,城市贫困问题已成为困扰城市发展的重要议题。以"农民工"和"下岗"问题为主的新型城市贫困问题似乎成为市场经济体制下市场化转轨和社会结构转型过程中特有的新现象。     

当前就业形势分析及开展就业监测的思考——基于江苏省就业统计数据和用工调查

准确地判断就业状况是把握宏观形势进而科学制定宏观政策的前提。分析宏观就业统计数据和微观调查数据后发现,当前经济增速持续下行尚未伤及就业总水平,这一看似矛盾的现象具有特殊的人口与经济背景,包括劳动力供给增长的制约因素增多、产业结构调整带来的就业吸纳能力增强等。但在＂三期＂叠加、产业不断转型升级的背景下,结构性失业和隐性失业问题值得关注。针对我国现行就业统计存在的缺陷,本文对科学监测就业形势提出了初步想法。     

关于失业统计若干问题的分析与研究

进入21世纪后,产品的生产和交换出现了社会化、国际化的特征,此时,就业形式更为多样,由于第三产业服务产品价值量和劳务贸易的显著提高,劳动力与资本等生产要素处于迅速流动状态,失业作为一个社会化产物,在多种因素的作用下,逐渐复杂起来,不能再用传统、片面的想法去衡量.关于失业统计的种种问题成为了一项重要的工作.     

浅议我国失业保险制度中的道德风险及防范措施

失业保险领域的道德风险问题已成为一个国际性问题。我国失业保险制度在不断发展和完善的过程中不可避免地面临着道德风险的严峻挑战,如何有效地控制和防范失业保险领域中的道德风险问题是完善我国失业保险制度的重要举措。     

浅析金融风暴下我国失业女性的创业成才之路

2008年9月以来,席卷全球的金融危机给整个世界带来了许多新问题和新情况。随着各国经济刺激计划的加快实施,国际经济形势开始出现企稳迹象,但失业问题依然困扰着一些国家的经济和社会发展,特别是在某些地区,女性比男性更易遭受失业潮的冲击。同样,金融危机对我国失业人员尤其是失业女性创业的环境也产生了极大的影响,使她们感受到了经济寒冬给企业带来的阵阵寒意。那么经济危机到底对失业女性的创业活动带来哪些危机?她们又将如何面对这些挑战和机遇,在危机中寻找转机,确立生存之道呢?文章就上述问题以及相对策略作以粗浅探析。     

关于失业统计若干问题的分析与研究

进入21世纪后，产品的生产和交换出现了社会化，国际化的特征，此时，就业形式更为多样，由于第三产业服务产品价值和劳务贸易的显著提高，劳动力与资本等生产要素处于迅速流动状态，失业作为一个社会化产物，在多种因素的作用下，逐渐复杂起来，不能再用传统，片面的想法去衡量。关于失业统计的种种问题成为了一项重要的工作。     

对完善我国失业保险制度的思考

一、我国现行失业保险制度存在的问题1．失业保险没有立法，失业保险经办机构经费不到位。世界大多数国家对失业保险费用承担主体的约束都是刚性的，这种约束是依靠国家强制性的法规来实现的。而我国目前的失业保险政策没有法制化，因此其约束只能靠政府的政策和行政监督，这样的约束是很软的，因此出现了征缴困难、管理混     

失业问题的成因及其出路分析

失业是当今世界各国普遍存在的经济现象,失业问题(即就业问题)已经成为一个世界性难题。然而,失业现象不是随着人类社会的出现而出现的,而是人类社会发展到一定阶段以后的产物,是劳动生产率与市场经济资源优化配置共同作用的结果。为了实现社会经济的持续发展,有必要探索走出失业困境的战略举措。本文就失业问题的起源、失业形成的共性机制及失业治理的根本出路作简要分析。     

美国失业保险税对我国的启示

美国的失业保险是联邦和州政府的合作项目,它通过失业保险税来融资。其失业保险税立法及执行保障层次高,税制设计科学合理。建议我国在借鉴美国失业保险税制的基础上,尽快颁布《社会保险法》,建立中央和地方两种失业保险税,在具体规定上给予地方一定的自主权,采用失业保险税率的经验评估方法,以进一步改革和完善我国的失业保险缴贲制度。     

Employment and Welfare Effects of a Two-Tier Unemployment Compensation System

In Germany, as in many OECD countries, such as the United Kingdom, unemployment compensation consists of unemployment insurance and unemployment assistance. Unemployment assistance is provided subsequent to the expiration of entitlement to unemployment insurance and is lower. The effects of this two-tier unemployment compensation system are studied in a general equilibrium job search model with endogenous distributions of income, wealth, and employment which is calibrated with regard to the characteristics of the German economy. Our results are as follows: (i) employment is a decreasing function of both unemployment insurance and unemployment assistance. (ii) Aggregate savings are (not) a monotone decreasing function of unemployment assistance (unemployment insurance) payments. (iii) Optimal unemployment compensation payments are found to be a decreasing function over time.     

关于失业保障监测预警系统的研究

建立失业保障监测预警系统,对于政府从宏观上把握失业状况、制定相应的宏观调控政策、保证社会保障体系的良性运行以及社会经济的可持续发展具有重要的理论和实际意义。我国失业保障制度还处在改革和完善之中,对失业保障的统计研究正处于起步阶段,更没有建立失业保障预警系统。因此,在我国构建一种对失业保障状况进行监测并通过信号灯向人们发出警报的监测预警系统十分必要。     

东北老工业基地改造中的下岗失业问题

在改造和振兴东北老工业基地过程中，解决下岗失业问题是一个绕不开的难题，并且还和其他的问题交织在一起，相互影响，成为改造东北老工业基地的一个关键点。因此，把东北老工业基地的下岗失业问题作为一个重要课题加以研究，具有很强的现实性。     

On the Political Economy of Low Skilled Immigration and the Welfare State

This paper inquires into the collective decision making on both unemployment insurance and immigration. It is shown that low skill immigration typically increases the contribution rate to the unemployment insurance system. This can translate into higher benefits, the increase of the economy-wide unemployment rate nonwithstanding. The host country allows for immigration only if high skilled natives are sufficiently powerful. Furthermore, political rights of immigrants are restricted to a minimum.     

中国失业保险制度改革方向:纳入社会救助——基于历史背景与功能定位的分析

失业保险在建立和长期发展过程中,具有缓和劳资矛盾、天然双向平滑经济波动、提供失业保障和平滑个人收入的基本功能。但随着各国劳动保护及福利制度的发展,失业保险在政治和经济方面的功能减弱,且其失业收入损失补偿功能常常引发失业陷阱,于是各国进行了以促进积极就业为导向的改革。中国失业保险制度曾经为经济体制转型起到了“减震器”的作用。随着劳动保护和社会保障制度的发展和政府就业政策的完善,在二元就业结构、户籍制度、公共部门人力资源管理制度及政府承担就业促进任务的影响下,我国失业保险的政治、经济、失业人口收入补偿、就业促进功能未能有效发挥。在比较了若干改革方案后,本文认为,取消失业保险并将其功能并入社会救助体系是新时代背景下我国失业保险制度的最优改革路径。     

创建大学生失业保险制度刍议

当前,大学生失业现象已成为社会关注的热点问题。它不仅对个人、家庭和社会产生了巨大的负面影响,也造成各种资源的极大浪费。本文在对大学生失业的现状、原因及其后果分析的基础上,认为创建大学生失业保险势在必行,并对大学生失业保险制度提出了一些建议。     

Labor unemployment risk and firm risk

This paper examines the effect of labor unemployment risk on firm risk. Using unemployment insurance benefits as a proxy for unemployment risk, we find an economically significant positive relation between unemployment risk and firm risk. This positive relation is more pronounced for firms that are more labor-intensive, have a higher layoff propensity and are more financially constrained. While existing literature that employs corporate policy measures such as debt and cash holdings suggests an opposite relationship, our paper presents evidence that the effects stemming from earnings management, earnings quality and reporting quality appear to dominate.     

Time inconsistency as a rationale for public unemployment insurance

A role for public unemployment insurance is developed based on the inability of the government to commit to a future rate of unemployment. This is illustrated using a model in which a minimum wage policy combined with unemployment insurance is welfare-improving. Unemployment insurance could be decentralized to the private sector if the government could commit to a minimum wage. However, if not, a government that acts in the interest of the workers will have an incentive to increase the minimum wage to exploit private insurers. In the absence of commitment, an equilibrium with private unemployment insurance will not exist.     

Taxation, Public Policy, and Dynamics of Unemployment

This paper provides an overview of the key issues relating to taxation, public policy and the dynamics of unemployment.It takes issue with the widely held view that generous social insurance schemes and the associated highpayroll taxes have been the major cause of the high unemployment rates which have persisted in Europe over thepast 15 years. It puts forward a framework for a theory of adjustment, based on the portfolio theory of the riskaverse firm and the efficiency wage theory of labor markets. This is used to explain why in the onset of a downturn,the hiring rate may lag the layoff rate, thus giving rise to rising unemployment rates. It is also shown to provideguidance as to policies which enhance the ability of firms to bear risks and which reduce costs of hiring and firing.The paper argues that while policies which increase severance or layoff costs may be well intended they mayactually serve to exacerbate the magnitude of employment fluctuations. Similarly, unemployment compensation,which is designed to ease the burden on those who are unemployed, may lead to higher levels of equilibriumunemployment. These programs can be restructured in ways which simultaneously ease the short-run burden ofthose thrown into unemployment, while reducing the adverse impact of these programs on the unemployment rate.