商业银行董事会特征与首席执行官报酬——基于美国银行业的实证研究

反映董事会特征的各要素对首席执行官报酬水平及结构的影响因行业而异。基于美国银行业的实证研究表明,商业银行董事会规模较大,但其对首席执行官的报酬水平和结构影响不显著;外部董事比例较高,外部董事占比与首席执行官报酬显著负相关,与基于股权的报酬显著正相关;两职合一的领导结构、外部董事拥有的董事席位数对首席执行官报酬和基于股权的报酬都有显著的正面影响;董事会持股比例与首席执行官报酬之间存在显著的正相关关系,但对基于股权的报酬影响不显著;大股东持股比例与首席执行官报酬和基于股权的报酬显著负相关;首席执行官年龄与其报酬水平显著正相关,但与基于股权的报酬负相关。     

上市公司总经理报酬业绩敏感性研究

文章分析了公司的收益波动、公司财务杠杆、公司规模、董事会治理、大股东治理、经理自利特征对我国上市公司总经理报酬业绩敏感性的影响,发现前五个特征对报酬业绩敏感性无显著影响,但是总经理的双重身份、董事身份和其在董事会中任期这三个经理自利特征对报酬业绩敏感性有显著影响;更重要的发现是,当公司业绩变好时报酬业绩敏感性增加,当公司业绩下滑时报酬业绩敏感性减小,而总经理双重身份和其在董事会中任期这两个经理自利特征使报酬业绩敏感性进一步降低.     

经营者报酬激励理论及实证研究述评

在回顾国内外关于经营者报酬激励理论及实证研究的相关文献的基础上，对各种理论观点和实证研究结果进行了简要的评述。目前来看，该研究领域还没有形成一个统一的结论，无论在理论上还是实证研究中都还存在许多分歧和差异，未来的研究需要在各种理论融合的基础上，建立一个综合的经营者报酬的分析模型来推动这一领域研究的发展。     

高管人员报酬与业绩的敏感性——来自中国上市公司的证据

本文在考虑地区、行业、规模、企业成长性对高管人员薪酬影响的同时，以上市公司董事长和总经理2000－2001年度的现金报酬、总报酬以及两者的变化额4个报酬度量指标，对会计业绩度量、股东财富业绩度量、销售业绩度量、扣除非常项目后的净资产收益率和它们的变化水平以 及市场面平均会计业绩变量，进行回顾分析。结果发现：（1）不存在高管人员报酬与会计业绩度量有敏感性的证据。（2）存在高管人员总报酬及总报酬的变化额与股东财富业绩度量有敏感性的证据。（3）存在支持销售最大化假设的证据。（4）不存在董事会确定高管人员薪酬时会考虑其对会计数字操控的证据。（5）市场面平均会计业绩度量与高管人员的总报酬及现金报酬的变化相关，支持相对业绩度量。     

董事会结构、公司绩效与高管层报酬关系的实证分析

本文对影响企业经营者报酬的要素——董事会结构和公司绩效进行分析,探讨了董事会结构和公司绩效在公司管理人员报酬总额制定、风险报酬收入比例设置、经理人业绩评价过程中的作用。利用沪深上市公司2005年的数据进行实证分析,结果发现:管理人员报酬的对数与公司净资产收益率和净资产收益率的平方都正相关,但相关性很小;董事会在经理人总报酬制定方面没有发挥作用,而在经理人风险报酬比例设置、经理人业绩评价方面发挥了作用;董事会结构中各因素的共同作用,在一定程度上也导致了经理人报酬与公司绩效之间具有很小的相关性。     

论人力资本及企业经营者报酬

生产过程中的资本具有异质性,将人力作为一种资本是承认资本异质性的必然结果。经营者人力资本反映了经营者的资本经营能力,他们的报酬体现了经营者人力资本的价值。经营者从代理经营的企业中获得的收益有逐渐增大的趋势;这种趋势并不代表经营者群体的贪得无厌,而是符合社会经济发展需要的。股东从股权中所获得的收益从本质上说是一种消极的利益索取,但它的存在又是财产继承权的必然社会现象。经营者在双方的博弈中地位的不断提高,代表了社会发展的积极力量,是社会不断重视人力资本的结果。     

高管人员报酬决定因素的实证分析——以中部地区上市公司为例

本文以中部六省部分上市公司为样本,选取公司特征、公司治理结构以及高管人员人力资本特征等三类十一项因素,运用实证研究的方法,分析它们各自与高管报酬的相关性.探讨这些因素对高管报酬决定的影响程度.研究结果显示:公司绩效、法人股比例与高管报酬存在显著的正相关关系,国有股比例和机构投资者持股比例与高管报酬显著负相关,高管年龄对其报酬也构成重要影响.     

中国上市公司经营者报酬决定因素分析

本文以中国上市公司为样本，对所有制形式、企业规模和经营业绩对经营者报酬的影响进行了实证研究。结果显示：国有企业经营者的报酬要明显低于非国有企业经营者的报酬。企业规模对经营者报酬具有显著的正面影响，而且这种影响作用不受经营业绩指标选择的影响。而经营业绩指标对经营者报酬的影响并不一致。另外，随着改革的逐步深入，经营者报酬有逐年递增趋势，而且增加幅度也日益增大。     

关于经理报酬激励问题的研究展望

本文对经理报酬决定的经济与非经济因素做了全面总结,然后分析了已有关于经理报酬研究的局限性,最后对未来研究作了展望：（1）关注经理报酬激励、公司业绩和公司治理之间内生关系;（2）采用公司战略导向的报酬契约观;（3）关注经理报酬契约与未来业绩之间的关系;（4）在经理报酬契约中采用相对业绩评价;（5）采用面板数据的固定效应模型;（6）关注非经济因素的影响;（7）重新审视线性报酬函数的合理性。     

The effects of imperfect auditing on managerial compensation

We study the optimal shareholder–manager contract having the property to induce the manager to exert high effort and truthfully reveal firm performance. This contract design problem is solved under the assumption of imperfect auditing, either because of mistakes or because of collusion between managers and auditors. The imperfection of the audit technology is costless up to a threshold, beyond which it causes a distortion in the incentive compatible contract or even prevents its existence. This result may help explain the observed decline in the use of stock options, tracing it back to an unfocused activity or poor performance of auditors.     

On the irrelevance of insider trading for managerial compensation

We examine changes in the compensation of CEOs of German firms after the prohibition of insider trading (IT) in 1994 to test whether IT is a relevant compensation device. While we find that the performance elasticity of explicit CEO pay slightly increases subsequent to the IT law adoption for non-financial firms indicating an incentive-substitution effect, the overall change in levels seems modest. We explore the hypothesis that compensation for forgone IT profits in general is small because typically, firms lack at least one of the two necessary conditions for profitable IT: the existence of a liquid stock market imposing low costs of transactions and the presence of a small number of co-insiders, preventing the information rent to be competed away. Based on a difference-in-difference estimation, we indeed find that explicit pay increases more strongly for intensely traded firms and decreases for non-financial firms and insurance companies with a higher number of co-insiders. The combined effect is relatively small except for firms with the most liquid shares.     

Aspiration level effects: An empirical investigation

Theories of aspiration level effects predict that decisions under uncertainty will depend on whether performance is above or below some target level of performance. A sample of 5000 quarterly earnings announcements by publicity held companies listed on the COMPUSTAT and CRSP data bases is examined to test this hypothesis. Four models from the current accounting literature are used as alternative estimates of the target level of earnings for these firms. When earnings are announced the difference between actual and forecast earnings, here called a forecast error, can be computed. The data indicate that the relationship between valuation and forecast error differs conditional on the sign of the forecast error.     

The real exchange rate determination: An empirical investigation

This study examines the real exchange rate determination in Asian economies. The methods show that the real exchange rate and terms of trade can be jointly determined. Productivity differential, terms of trade, the real oil price, and reserve differential are found to be important in the real exchange rate determination in the long run. However, the significant impacts of those variables on the real exchange rate determination are different across economies. Moreover, the results of the generalised forecast error variance decompositions show that the important contributors of the real exchange rate are different across economies.     

An empirical study of outbound tourism demand in the UK

A general to specific methodology is used to construct UK demand for outbound tourism models to twelve destinations. A tourism destination preference index is introduced to take into account social, cultural and psychological influences on tourists' decisions concerning their overseas holiday destinations. The tests support the existence of a cointegration relationship for each of 11 UK overseas holiday destinations. The corresponding error correction models are estimated. The empirical results show that the long-run income elasticities for all destinations range from 1.70 to 3.90 with an average of 2.367. The lowest and highest short-run income elasticities are 1.05 and 3.78 respectively, with an average of 2.216. The estimates of the income elasticities imply that overseas holidays are highly income elastic while the own-price elasticities suggest that the demand for UK outbound tourism is relatively own-price inelastic. In terms of the significance of substitution prices in the regression equations, Ireland is the favourite substitute destination for UK outbound tourists. Ex post forecasts over a period of six years are generated from the ECM models and the results compared with those of a naive model, an AR(1) model, an ARMA(p,q) model, and a VAR model. The forecasting performance criteria show that the ECM model has the best overall forecasting performance for UK outbound tourism.     

An empirical study on public capital spillovers from the USA to Canada

The effect of public capital on private sector productivity has received much attention in the literature. The impact of an adjacent country's public capital on domestic productivity has, however, not been previously examined. This paper attempts to fill this gap by examining the possibility of such spillovers from the USA to Canada. Due to close proximity of both countries, the hypothesis of the paper is that these spillovers are important. A production function model introduces US public capital as an exogenous variable and tests for its significance. The results indicate positive spillovers from the USA public capital to Canadian productivity.     

Intellectual capital: An empirical study of ITRI

Intellectual capital (IC) could provide a new instrument for observing organizational hidden value. While most intellectual capital studies are either theoretical or exploratory, some western research facilities are publishing annual reports based on intellectual capital. Nevertheless, Asian empirical studies are much rarer than western ones, let alone conducting comparison among them. Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), founded in 1973, is a non-profit national R&D organization, aiming to develop Taiwan industrial technologies. This paper firstly attempts to associate the components of the intellectual capital, namely, human capital, structural capital and relational capital with the value/performance of ITRI. Secondly, we find intellectual capital highly relevant to the value creation process and warrant strategic accumulation for R&D organizations.     

上市公司收益质量综合评估模型及实证研究

本文从收益质量概念出发,建立了一个四维的收益质量综合评估模型。以帮助投资者和监管部门对上市公司收益质量做出更全面的评价,并利用评估模型对中国上市公司收益质量的特征进行了实证研究。     

关于中国铝期货市场套期保值绩效的实证研究

套期保值是企业利用期货市场进行风险控制的重要过程。利用金融衍生产品进行风险管理的关键问题是确定套期保值比率。通过对中国沪铝期货套期保值绩效的实证研究发现基于DVECH-GARCH的动态套期保值比基于OLS的静态套期保值避险效果好。选择一定的套保模型进行对冲交易,铝加工企业能够有效地分散铝现货的市场风险,稳定企业生产经营。